Protective and adaptogenic role of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) in neutralization of oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation.

A radioprotective effect of exogenous recombinant peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) was revealed and characterized using an animal model of whole body X-ray irradiation at sublethal and lethal doses. Prx2 belongs to an evolutionarily ancient family of peroxidases that are involved in enzymatic degradation of a wide variety of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides. Apart from that, the oxidized form of Prx2 also exhibits chaperone activity, thereby preventing protein misfolding and aggregation under oxidative stress. Intravenous administration of Prx2 in animals at a concentration of 20 µg/g 15 min before exposure to ionizing radiation contributes to a significantly higher survival rate, suppresses the development of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, as well as protects the bone marrow cells from genome DNA damage. Moreover, injection of Prx2 leads to suppression of apoptosis, stimulates cell proliferation and results in a more rapid recovery of the cell redox state. Exogenous Prx2 neutralizes the effect of the priming dose on the second irradiation of the cells. The radioprotective properties of exogenous Prx2 are stipulated by its broad substrate peroxidase activity, chaperone activity in the oxidized state, and are also due to the signal-regulatory function of Prx2 mediated by the regulation of the level of hydroperoxides as well as via interaction with redox-sensitive regulatory proteins.

Droplet-like heterogeneity of aqueous tetrahydrofuran solutions at the submicrometer scale.

A droplet formation in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been experimentally detected at the submicrometer scale using two independent laser diagnostic techniques (dynamic light scattering and laser phase microscopy) and described in terms of THF-water intermolecular hydrogen bonding. It is shown that the nanodroplets have a mean size of 300 nm, their refractive index is higher than that of the ambient liquid, and they are highly enriched with THF molecules. The maximum of light scattering intensity falls within the THF concentration range 2-8 mol. %, which corresponds to the volume number density of the nanodroplets ∼1010-1011 cm-3. A theoretical explanation of forming the nanodroplets with a high content of THF, which is based on a model of dichotomous noise being applied to the so-termed "twinkling" hydrogen bonds and involves spinodal decomposition in the unstable region enclosed within the dichotomous binodal, is proposed. The parameters of hydrogen bonds in the molecular system "water-THF" were found, and the phase diagram of the solution with allowance for cross-linking hydrogen bonds was constructed.

Appendiceal mucocele - Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Appendiceal mucocele (AM) was described for the first time by Rokitansky in 1842.1 Its incidence is 0.2 - 0.4% of all apendectomies performed, as it is observed predominantly in women with the ratio of 4/1 versus men and most frequently at the age of 50.2,3 We present to your attention a 64-year-old woman, who was referred to diagnostic further clarification after a preventive gynaecologic exam. Appendiceal mucocele with retrocecal location, enveloped by additional Jackson'™s membranes was determined intraoperatively. The formation has been dissected and appendectomy was performed without mucocele integrity being compromised. The permanent histological specimen revealed mucinous cystadenoma with clear resection lines, without any data on the appendiceal base being affected. The patient was discharged on the third day after surgery without any complications, and further follow-up was scheduled in 6 months.

[On the Effect of α-Tocopherol on Protein Kinase C Activity in vitro].

The effect of the antioxidant α-tocopherol on rat brain protein kinase C activity as a model to study bimodal dose-dependent effect has been investigated. Enzyme activity has been monitored photometrically with a luciferase reporter assay that measures ADP produced by posphorylation. The inhibition of protein kinase C activity by α-tocopherol was found at the concentration range from 10(-3) to 10(-6) M with no effect of ultra low doses of the antioxidant (below. 10(-12) M). The absence of bimodal dose-dependent effect may be associated with the enzyme source.

Recurrent perineal hernia -- case report and review of the literature.

Perineal hernia is the protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera through the pelvic floor. We present a patient with recurrent perineal hernia - 12x9 cm with a palpable soft, hardly adjustable in the pelvic tunnel formation and attenuated skin over it. The patient was operated by abdominoperineal approach. We performed two layer Titanium mesh plasty of the pelvic floor with the use of the omentum and the pelvic muscles.

Management of recurrent or metastatic retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas.

UNLABELLED: Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas remain a serious therapeutic problem. The aim of the study is to define the optimal treatment strategy of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed.Between 2001 and 2013, 89 patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas were surgically treated in the University Hospital Queen Joanna ISUL and the Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Oncology Sofia. Clinicopathological data were investigated with SPSS 19. RESULTS: The mean time of onset of the first and second relapse of sarcomas was 23 and 13 months, respectively. Over 40% of the studied patients underwent more than one operation because of recurrence. Ability of radical extirpation of the tumour decreased with each subsequent relapse. The 5 year survival rate was 60% for patients with primary combined radical resection versus 28% for patients with partial resection. In the presence of metastatic lesions the 3 year survival rate was only 22%. CONCLUSION: Local recurrences, the presence of distant metastases and the ability of radical extirpation are the main long term prognostic factors.

[On peculiarities of temperature dependences of water spectra in the terahertz frequency domain].

We analyzed spectra of light and heavy water at temperatures from 4 up to 50 degrees C in a frequency range of 0.15 to 6.5 THz. It was shown that the amplitude of high-frequency relaxation absorption band with its maximum at 0.5 THz extends with increasing, temperature and this temperature dependence for light water has a marked feature at 35-40 degrees C as a sharp growth. This fact is noteworthy because this range corresponds to physiological values of a body temperature of the warm-blooded organisms. At the same time, the analogous temperature dependence for heavy water in the considered temperature range lacks this particular feature. Thus, the water with its properties differs significantly not only from other fluids, but also from its own isotopologues.

[Mirizzi syndrome (literature review)]. / Sindrom na Mirizzi (literaturen obzor).

In this reivew the historical aspects are presented about the sindroma of Mirrizi. It's forms and pathogenesis are described. We define the modern imaging techniques of diagnose--ultrasonography, ERCP, CT, MRI as well as the mandatory intraoperative cholangiography. A number of classifications of the sindroma are discussed, which are the guide of the surgical stategy, surgical and non-surgical methods of treatment.

[Pathogenetic mechanisms in biliary obstruction (literature review)]. / Patogenitichni mekhanizmi pri biliarna obstruktsiia (literaturen obzor).

It was established that the decrease up to absence flow biliary ow in the intestinal tract by the presence of extrahepatal biliary obstruction led to increased resorption of endotoxins in the system of v. portae and their getting into the systematic blood circulation. The article explores Obstructive jaundice-caused translocations of bacteria from the Gut, endotoxins, portal Endotoxaemia, entrance of endotoxins in the blood stream, Suppression of cellular immuniby, Liver ishemia, and shunting of Portal blood with development of systematic Endotexaemia. The article also discusses Functional Renal Failure, disturbance of coagulation, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and disturbed wound beating that are characteristic of Biliary Obstruction.

[Bouveret syndrome (review of literature and case report)]. / Sindrom na Bouveret (pregled na literaturata i opisanie na klinichen sluchai).

The article reviews literature and the different variants of the syndrome, as well as its clinical picture, complications, methods of diagnosis and variants of surgical and endoscopic treatments. The article describes the case of a rare combination between Bouveret syndrome and gall-bladder carcinoma (the first such instance in our literature) in a 68 year old mate, who lived more than 3 years after being subjected to a radical treatment.

[Acute cholangitis (review of literature)]. / Ostur kholangit (literaturen obzor)

In the survey a review is made of the etiological factors (CBD obstruction and infected bile under increased pressure) as well as the mechanisms of developing acute bacterial cholangitis, acute Suppurative cholangitis, increased biliary pressure, cholangio-venus reflux, damaged function of the Kuppfer cells and the routes of bacterial penetration. The bacterial specter of the infection is analyzed alongside with the classification and staging of acute cholangitis. Current treatment of acute cholangitis is related to the high-priorirty, widespread use of endoscopic methods of biliary decompression. Emergency surgical treatment is associated with high mortality.

[Our experience with treating acute noncalculous cholecystitis]. / Nashiiat opit pri lechenieto na ostriia nekalkulozen kholetsistit.

Based on a comprehensive literature survey, personal experience with the management of 89 patients, presenting acute noncalculous cholecystitis, is shared. All patients are clinically observed in the acute phase of the disease. In 60 cases the latter becomes manifest with recurrent attacks, and in 29 there are no previous signs or symptoms of biliary diseases. Diagnosis is made on the ground of active echographic and clinical observation. Conservative therapy is effective in 28 cases. The remainder (61) are operated at 1 to 4-day intervals after the onset of the disease because of persisting symptomatology and/or deterioration of the patient's condition. During laparotomy the gallbladder presents marked enlargement with thickened, exudate-imbibed wall. Cholecystectomy is done in all 61 cases. In twelve of them, owing to dilatation of the common bile duct and minimal serum bilirubin increase, stenosing papillitis is diagnosed by intraoperative cholangiography, treated by external biliary drainage and endoscopic sphincterotomy, undertaken after improvement of the general condition. Acute inflammation, free of fibrosis, with isolated foci of gangrene and necrosis of the bladder wall are histologically documented. In four senile patients presenting serious concomitant diseases, with exceptionally high operative risk, echographic percutaneous transhepatic cholecystectomy is resorted to, followed by antibiotic bladder instillations with a very good outcome. The summed up results of acute noncalculous cholecystitis treatment are estimated as very good.

[The treatment of acute cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice]. / Lechenie na ostriia kholetsistit, uslozhnen s mekhanichna zhultenitsa.

After analyzing the summed up treatment results in 368 patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by obstructive jaundice, the inference is reached that it is a matter of a complication, unfavourable in terms of prognosis, with a definite impact on both immediate and long-term therapeutic results. Early operative intervention following intensive preoperative preparation (including ERHPG with endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and ensuing biliary decompression, or echographic percutaneous cholecystectomy) contribute to control the acute inflammatory process in the gallbladder, and preclude the development of liver (or hepato-renal) failure against the background of obstructive jaundice. Proceeding from the severe, irreversible changes in liver and kidney, hardly responding to treatment, and persisting deterioration of the general condition, acute cholecystitis complicated by obstructive jaundice is defined as an emergency life-endangering condition, requiring a priority operative approach.

[The clinical use of lincomycin in treating anaerobic infection in patients with surgical abdomen]. / Klinichno prilozhenie na linkomitsin pri lechenie na anaerobna infektsiia pri bolni s khirurgichen korem.

Experience is recorded with lincomycin treatment of 59 patients with acute surgical abdomen. The primary anaerobic flora was eradicated in 86 per cent of the patients. For the very good therapeutic results essential was the early instituted adequate antibiotic therapy in adequate dose and for adequate length of time.