ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of continuous-moderate vs. high-intensity interval aerobic training on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in ovariectomized high-fat-fed mice. C57BL/6 female ovariectomized were divided into four groups (n=8): low-fat-fed sedentary (SLF); high-fat-fed sedentary (SHF); high-fat-fed moderate-intensity continuous trained (MICT-HF); and high-fat-fed high-intensity interval aerobic trained (HIIT-HF). The high-fat diet lasted 10 weeks. Ovariectomy was performed in the fourth week. The exercise training was carried out in the last four weeks of protocol. Fasting glycemia, oral glucose tolerance, arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiovascular autonomic modulation were evaluated. Moderate-intensity continuous training prevented the increase in arterial pressure and promoted a reduction in HR at rest, associated with an improvement in the sympathovagal balance in MICT-HF vs. SHF. The high-intensity interval training reduced blood glucose and glucose intolerance in HIIT-HF vs. SHF and MICT-HF. In addition, it improved sympathovagal balance in HIIT-HF vs. SHF. Moderate-intensity continuous training was more effective in promoting cardiovascular benefits, while high-intensity interval training was more effective in promoting metabolic benefits.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , High-Intensity Interval Training , Mice , Animals , Female , Mice, Obese , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Heart , High-Intensity Interval Training/methodsSubject(s)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Cardiovascular Diseases , Dyslipidemias , Child , Health Policy , Humans , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Humans , Child , Cardiovascular Diseases , Dyslipidemias , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Risk Factors , Health PolicyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between TXNIP polymorphisms, diabetes and hypertension phenotypes in the Brazilian general population. METHODS: Five hundred seventy-six individuals randomly selected from the general urban population according to the MONICA-WHO project guidelines were phenotyped for cardiovascular risk factors. A second, independent, sample composed of 487 family-trios from a different site was also selected. Nine TXNIP polymorphisms were studied. The potential association between TXNIP variability and glucose-phenotypes in children was also explored. TXNIP expression was quantified by real-time PCR in 53 samples from human smooth muscle cells primary culture. RESULTS: TXNIP rs7211 and rs7212 polymorphisms were significantly associated with glucose and blood pressure related phenotypes. In multivariate logistic regression models the studied markers remained associated with diabetes even after adjustment for covariates. TXNIP rs7211 T/rs7212 G haplotype (present in approximately 17% of individuals) was significantly associated to diabetes in both samples. In children, the TXNIP rs7211 T/rs7212 G haplotype was associated with fasting insulin concentrations. Finally, cells harboring TXNIP rs7212 G allele presented higher TXNIP expression levels compared with carriers of TXNIP rs7212 CC genotype (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Carriers of TXNIP genetic variants presented higher TXNIP expression, early signs of glucose homeostasis derangement and increased susceptibility to chronic metabolic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Our data suggest that genetic variation in the TXNIP gene may act as a "common ground" modulator of both traits: diabetes and hypertension.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Genetic Variation , Hypertension/genetics , Adult , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/genetics , Brazil , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Haplotypes , Homeostasis , Humans , Hypertension/metabolism , Hypertension/physiopathology , Insulin/blood , Linear Models , Linkage Disequilibrium , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Phenotype , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Cholesterol/blood , Diseases in Twins , Hypercholesterolemia/blood , Rest/physiology , Twins, Monozygotic , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Hypercholesterolemia/physiopathology , Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/physiopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Paucity of data on childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and their correlations in a sample of school children in Itapetininga, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with systematic collection of anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference, BMI and blood pressure levels) and determination of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, uric acid, and apolipoproteins A and B in a random sample representative of school children from the public education system in Itapetininga, State of Sao Paulo. For data analysis, we used population parameters from the NCHS curves (2000), blood pressure categories from NHBPEP (2004), and the serum cholesterol levels proposed by the AHA for children and adolescents (2003). RESULTS: A total of 494 children and adolescents participated in the study. Of these, 11.7% had HBP, 51% increased total cholesterol, 40.5% increased LDL-cholesterol, 8.5% increased triglycerides, and 6.1% low HDL-cholesterol levels. Mean (+/- standard deviation) TC, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were 172.1(27.9), 48.1(10.0), 105.7(23.1) and 90.9(43.8), respectively. Obesity and overweight were detected in 12.8% and 9.7% of the sample, respectively. Individuals of the obese group had a greater chance of presenting with dyslipidemia and hypertension in comparison with those of the other groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports the hypothesis of different prevalences of excess weight among school children from the public education system of the northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil, with higher rates in the latter. Additionally, it demonstrates an association of obesity with dyslipidemia and hypertension in that group. In light of the paucity of Brazilian data on this issue, our study provides important data for further comparisons.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Anthropometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Child , Dyslipidemias/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Lipids/blood , Male , Obesity/blood , Risk Factors , SchoolsABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: A escassez de dados sobre a obesidade infantil e o risco cardiovascular no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de hipertensão, dislipidemia, obesidade e suas correlações em uma amostra de escolares de Itapetininga-SP. MÉTODOS: Corte transversal com coleta sistematizada de dados antropométricos (peso, altura, cintura, índice de massa corporal e níveis pressóricos) e dosagens de glicose, colesterol (total e frações), ácido úrico e apolipoproteina A e B, em uma amostra aleatória, representativa de escolares da rede pública de Itapetininga-SP. Análise dos dados utilizando parâmetros populacionais das curvas do NCHS(2000), categorias de pressão arterial do NHBPEP(2004) e categorias dos níveis séricos de colesterol propostos pela AHA para crianças e adolescentes(2003). RESULTADOS: Um total de 494 crianças e adolescentes participaram do estudo. Dos participantes, 11,7 por cento apresentaram HAS, 51 por cento apresentaram aumento do colesterol total, 40,5 por cento apresentaram aumento do LDL-colesterol, 8,5 por cento apresentaram aumento dos triglicérides e 6,1 por cento tiveram valores baixos de HDL-colesterol. As médias (±desvio padrão) do CT, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol e triglicérides foram respectivamente 172,1(27,9), 48,1(10,0), 105,7(23,1) e 90,9(43,8). A obesidade e o sobrepeso foram detectados em 12,8 por cento e 9,7 por cento da amostra, sendo que a obesidade determinou uma maior chance de se detectar a dislipidemia e a hipertensão quando comparada com os demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo fornece subsídios para a hipótese de uma distinta prevalência de excesso de peso entre escolares da rede pública das regiões nordeste e sudeste, maior nesta última. Adicionalmente, demonstra uma associação da obesidade com a dislipidemia e a hipertensão naquele grupo. Diante da incipiência de dados no Brasil sobre a questão estudada, o nosso trabalho fornece dados importantes para futuras comparações.
BACKGROUND: Paucity of data on childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and their correlations in a sample of school children in Itapetininga, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with systematic collection of anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference, BMI and blood pressure levels) and determination of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, uric acid, and apolipoproteins A and B in a random sample representative of school children from the public education system in Itapetininga, State of Sao Paulo. For data analysis, we used population parameters from the NCHS curves (2000), blood pressure categories from NHBPEP (2004), and the serum cholesterol levels proposed by the AHA for children and adolescents (2003). RESULTS: A total of 494 children and adolescents participated in the study. Of these, 11.7 percent had HBP, 51 percent increased total cholesterol, 40.5 percent increased LDL-cholesterol, 8.5 percent increased triglycerides, and 6.1 percent low HDL-cholesterol levels. Mean (± standard deviation) TC, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were 172.1(27.9), 48.1(10.0), 105.7(23.1) and 90.9(43.8), respectively. Obesity and overweight were detected in 12.8 percent and 9.7 percent of the sample, respectively. Individuals of the obese group had a greater chance of presenting with dyslipidemia and hypertension in comparison with those of the other groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports the hypothesis of different prevalences of excess weight among school children from the public education system of the northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil, with higher rates in the latter. Additionally, it demonstrates an association of obesity with dyslipidemia and hypertension in that group. In light of the paucity of Brazilian data on this issue, our study provides important data for further comparisons.
FUNDAMENTO: La escasez de datos sobre la obesidad infantil y el riesgo cardiovascular en Brasil. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión, dislipidemia, obesidad y sus correlaciones en una muestra de escolares de Itapetininga-SP. MÉTODOS: Corte transversal con recolección sistematizada de datos antropométricos (peso, altura, cintura, índice de masa corporal y niveles de presión) y dosificaciones de glucosa, colesterol (total y fracciones), ácido úrico y apolipoproteína A y B, en una muestra aleatoria, representativa de escolares del sistema público de Itapetininga-SP. Análisis de los datos utilizando parámetros poblacionales de las curvas del NCHS (2000), categorías de presión arterial del NHBPEP(2004) y categorías de los niveles séricos de colesterol propuestos por la AHA para niños y adolescentes (2003). RESULTADOS: Un total de 494 niños y adolescentes participaron en el estudio. De los participantes, el 11,7 por ciento presentó HAS, el 51 por ciento presentó aumento del colesterol total, el 40,5 por ciento presentó aumento del LDL-colesterol, el 8,5 por ciento presentó aumento de los triglicéridos y el 6,1 por ciento tuvieron valores bajos de HDL-colesterol. Los promedios (+desviación estándar) del CT, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y triglicéridos fueron respectivamente 172,1 (27,9), 48,1 (10,0), 105,7 (23,1) y 90,9 (43,8). La obesidad y el sobrepeso se detectaron en el 12,8 por ciento y el 9,7 por ciento de la muestra, teniendo en cuenta que la obesidad determinó una mayor probabilidad de detectarse la dislipidemia y la hipertensión cuando comparada con los demás grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio suministra los argumentos a la hipótesis de una distinta prevalencia de exceso de peso entre escolares del sistema público de las regiones nordeste y sudeste, hallándose mayor en ésta última. Adicionalmente, demuestra una asociación de la obesidad con la dislipidemia y la hipertensión en aquel grupo. Ante la condición incipiente ...
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Anthropometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Dyslipidemias/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Hypertension/blood , Lipids/blood , Obesity/blood , Risk Factors , SchoolsABSTRACT
A new hair visual appearance measurement system called SAMBA from Bossa Nova Technologies (Venice, CA) has been employed to measure effects of cosmetic treatments on hair shine and surface smoothness of different types of hair samples. Experimental procedures for evaluations of shine value and surface cuticle angle of hair samples treated with rinse-off products (shampoo or/and conditioner) have been successfully established and applied. We demonstrated that hair spray and conditioner formulas containing PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate (PBEM) (1) showed great performance on shine enhancement for hairs with light and medium colors. Instrumental measurement of shine values was also conducted to compare different commercial shampoo and conditioner products. This study showed reliable utility of SAMBA system and demonstrated the shine enhancement of PBEM in hair care.
Subject(s)
Hair Preparations/pharmacology , Hair/chemistry , Hair/drug effects , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Se presentaron los resultados de 5 investigaciones realizadas en niños y jóvenes, para demostrar que existen desde las primeras edades de la vida una serie de señales aterogénicas tempranas posibles de detectar; las que conocidas obligan a tomar medidas médicas y socioculturales que permitan evitar o retardar el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis. Se estudiaron niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 16 años de 6 escuelas de Ciudad de La Habana, 2 de Panamá, 1 de Concepción, Chile, y 3 de Itapetininga, Brasil. También se investigaron la aorta y la arteria coronaria derecha procedentes de las autopsias de un estudio multinacional dirigido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, donde participaron 18 países de 4 continentes, se investigaron niños y jóvenes de edades entre 5 y 34 años, todos fallecidos por muerte violenta. Se presentaron los resultados de los estudios patomorfológicos y morfométricos, utilizando el sistema aterométrico . Se estudió el impacto de 3 factores de riesgo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y tabaquismo en la producción de lesiones ateroscleróticas. Las conclusiones más relevantes fueron las siguientes: 1. Sí existen suficientes señales aterogénicas tempranas, como hipertensión arterial, obesidad, circunferencia de la cintura exagerada, el índice de masa corporal alterado, tabaquismo activo y pasivo, y los antecedentes patológicos familiares de padecer alguna enfermedad relacionada con la aterosclerosis. 2. Como elementos discriminatorios para la identificación de los niños y jóvenes en los distintos países las variables más relevantes fueron el peso corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura y los valores de tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica. 3. En los estudios de autopsia se pudo demostrar el incremento de áreas de íntima ocupada por lesiones ateroscleróticas con el progreso de la edad y el gran efecto que la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el tabaquismo ejercen en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis y la transformación de las estrías adiposas en placas fibrosas
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Child , Arteriosclerosis , Coronary Artery Disease , Life Style , Risk Factors , AutopsyABSTRACT
Se presentaron los resultados de 5 investigaciones realizadas en niños y jóvenes, para demostrar que existen desde las primeras edades de la vida una serie de señales aterogénicas tempranas posibles de detectar; las que conocidas obligan a tomar medidas médicas y socioculturales que permitan evitar o retardar el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis. Se estudiaron niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 16 años de 6 escuelas de Ciudad de La Habana, 2 de Panamá, 1 de Concepción, Chile, y 3 de Itapetininga, Brasil. También se investigaron la aorta y la arteria coronaria derecha procedentes de las autopsias de un estudio multinacional dirigido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, donde participaron 18 países de 4 continentes, se investigaron niños y jóvenes de edades entre 5 y 34 años, todos fallecidos por muerte violenta. Se presentaron los resultados de los estudios patomorfológicos y morfométricos, utilizando el sistema aterométrico . Se estudió el impacto de 3 factores de riesgo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y tabaquismo en la producción de lesiones ateroscleróticas. Las conclusiones más relevantes fueron las siguientes: 1. Sí existen suficientes señales aterogénicas tempranas, como hipertensión arterial, obesidad, circunferencia de la cintura exagerada, el índice de masa corporal alterado, tabaquismo activo y pasivo, y los antecedentes patológicos familiares de padecer alguna enfermedad relacionada con la aterosclerosis. 2. Como elementos discriminatorios para la identificación de los niños y jóvenes en los distintos países las variables más relevantes fueron el peso corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura y los valores de tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica. 3. En los estudios de autopsia se pudo demostrar el incremento de áreas de íntima ocupada por lesiones ateroscleróticas con el progreso de la edad y el gran efecto que la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el tabaquismo ejercen en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis y la transformación de las estrías adiposas en placas fibrosas(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Life Style , Risk Factors , Coronary Artery Disease , AutopsyABSTRACT
A new emollient ester--Crodamol STS (INCI name: PPG-3 Benzyl Ether Myristate) has been developed and characterized. This special non-volatile emollient is safe to use and provides silicone-like feel and multiple cosmetic functionality. It is a liquid with a viscosity about 100 cps at room temperature. It has a high refractive index--1.4696, which enhances hair shine, contributes to high gloss in lip products, and reduces whitening effect of fatty alcohols and silica in anti-perspirants/deodorants applications. This emollient has high solubility of UV filters, low skin-spreading factor, and good pigment wetting behavior, which are preferable in sunscreen and make-up formulas to enhance the pigment localization and improve SPF value. In this paper, the chemical structure, physical properties, and various cosmetic applications of the emollient will be discussed. Especially, an objective hair shine (luster) test method (color image analysis) has been established and applied to study the enhancement in hair shine by Crodamol STS in hair spray and hair gel formulations. The objective measurements in hair shine showed good agreement with the results obtained from subjective evaluations. The substantivity of Crodamol STS on hair surface, which was delivered from a rinse-off cream, was also determined by a solvent extraction method.
