ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of exercise interventions on physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Relevant articles were searched in MEDLINE, LILACS, Scielo, Embase, and PEDro in November 2022, based on a protocol registered in PROSPERO and according to items prescribed in Report for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, using Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and free terms for search strategy, with no language restrictions. The studies were considered if they had been published between January 2010 and November 2022, and were randomized clinical trials in which pre-frail and frail older community-dwelling adults had undergone exercise-based physical therapy. RESULTS: The systematic review found 5360 citations; after screening, abstract, and full-text screening for eligibility, seven studies were included, involving 1304 participants overall. The exercise modalities differed substantially between studies. The meta-analysis identified a statistically significant difference in frailty between older adults who exercised compared with those who exercised with no or minimal intervention. No heterogeneity between articles was observed, and the risk of bias was considered low according to funnel plot visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review suggest that physical therapy programs are effective in decreasing levels of physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Frail Elderly , Frailty , Humans , Aged , Exercise Therapy/methods , Frailty/rehabilitation , Independent Living , Physical Therapy Modalities , Aged, 80 and over , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We assessed whether clinical, functional and behavioral factors were associated with the decrease in mobility trajectories reported in older people at risk of sarcopenia (RS) and without risk of sarcopenia (NRS) during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed mobility trajectories reported in older adults with RS and NRS over 16-month follow-up (Remobilize study). The self-perceived risk of sarcopenia and mobility were assessed using the SARC-F and the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) tools, respectively. Gender, age, comorbidities, pain, functional limitation, physical activity (time spent in walking; min/week), and sitting time (ST; hours/day) were assessed. We used a multilevel model to determine changes in mobility between groups and over time. RESULTS: Mobility was lower in RS than in NRS. Older people at RS, who were women, aged 70-79 years and 80 years or older, inactive, and with moderate to severe functional limitation experienced reduced mobility trajectories reported over the pandemic. For older people at NRS, trajectories with reduce mobility reported were experienced by women with comorbidities, for those with insufficient walking time and aged 70-79 years; aged 70-79 years and with ST between 5 and 7 hours/day; for those with insufficient walking time and increased ST; and for those with pain and increased ST. CONCLUSION: Mobility trajectories reported in older people at risk of sarcopenia were negatively influenced by insufficient level of physical inactivity and pre-existing moderate to severe functional limitation. Health and social interventions should be target to avoid mobility limitation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Sarcopenia , Humans , Female , Aged , Male , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Exercise , Pain/epidemiology , Mobility LimitationABSTRACT
Despite current literature pointing to a link between shortened telomeres and aging, chronic diseases, and geriatric syndromes, the precise implications of this connection remain unclear. The aim of this exploratory, cross-sectional, observational study was to investigate the association between the relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood leukocyte subtypes (mononuclear cells and granulocytes) and physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in older adults. A cohort of 95 participants was recruited, which included men and women aged over 60 years (70.48 ± 5.5 years). It was found that mononuclear cell RTL was significantly lower than that of granulocytes (p < 0.0001). Moreover, individuals with good SPPB performance exhibited lower mononuclear cell RTL compared with those with moderate or poor performance. However, no significant differences were observed in granulocyte RTL between different SPPB performance groups. The global SPPB score showed an inverse correlation with mononuclear cell RTL, but this correlation was not present with granulocyte RTL. Similarly, the SPPB sit-to-stand domain correlated with mononuclear cell RTL, but no such correlation was found with granulocyte RTL. Our findings challenge conventional expectations, suggesting that shorter mononuclear cell RTL may be associated with favorable functional capacity. The variations in RTL between mononuclear cells and granulocytes highlight their distinct biological roles and turnover rates. A history of immune responses may influence mononuclear cell RTL dynamics, while telomerase activity may protect granulocyte RTL from significant shortening. The unexpected associations observed in mononuclear cell RTL emphasize the complex interplay between immune responses, cellular aging, and functional capacity in older adults.
Subject(s)
Aging , Leukocytes , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Telomere Shortening , Telomere , Physical Functional PerformanceABSTRACT
O rápido envelhecimento populacional brasileiro mudou nosso cenário de saúde, o que exige que o profissional fisioterapeuta esteja preparado para lidar com as especificidades desta população. A Associação Brasileira de Fisioterapia em Gerontologia (ABRAFIGE), que tem a missão de fortalecer a especialidade e promover assistência qualificada em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia, propõe uma relação das competências fundamentais para formação no ensino nos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia e de pósgraduação lato sensu em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia. Essa iniciativa visa auxiliar os gestores das Instituições de Ensino Superior das diversas regiões brasileiras no planejamento de tais cursos de forma a melhorar a qualidade da formação dos fisioterapeutas nessa área.
The rapid aging of the Brazilian population has changed the health scenario. Such a change requires physiotherapists to be prepared to deal with the specificities of this population. The Associação Brasileira de Fisioterapia em Gerontologia - ABRAFIGE (Brazilian Association of Physical Therapy in Gerontology), which has the mission of strengthening the specialty and the purpose of promoting qualified assistance in physical therapy in gerontology, proposes fundamental skills for training in teaching in undergraduate and graduate courses in physical therapy in gerontology. This initiative aims to assist administrators at higher education institutions in different regions of Brazil in the planning of such courses to improve the quality of the education of physiotherapists in this field.
Subject(s)
Physical Therapy Modalities , Population Dynamics , GeriatricsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25-19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00-28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44-7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33-6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99-1.00), SB of 8-10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15-2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48-6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96-0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Verificar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) pela população idosa e a concordância entre duas metodologias de avaliação no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método Estudo observacional transversal. Foi estimada a prevalência de pessoas idosas que utilizam MPI e fatores associados. Inicialmente foi calculada a frequência de medicamentos, entre os utilizados, considerados MPI. A classificação como MPI foi pelos Critérios de Beers 2019 e Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para idosos (CBMPI) 2016. Também avaliou-se a concordância entre as duas classificações. Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística multivariada para avaliação da associação pelo Odds Ratio (OR), e calculado Kappa para concordância entre os dois critérios de classificações. Resultados A prevalência de pessoas idosas que usavam MPI foi 32,9% pelos Critérios de Beers e 27,6% pelo CBMPI. Associações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001) ao uso de medicamentos inapropriados, pelos Critérios de Beers foram: relato de diabetes (OR=1,96), depressão (OR=2,25) e polifarmácia (OR=4,11). Pessoas idosas satisfeitas com a própria saúde tiveram menor chance de usarem MP, em ambas classificações, Critérios Beers (OR=0,02) e CBMPI (OR=0,09). A concordância entre as classificações foi muito boa (k=0,75, p<0,001). Conclusão Foram associados ao uso de MPI relato de diabetes e depressão, polifarmácia e satisfação negativa com a saúde. As associações foram semelhantes entre as duas classificações, indicando que ambas são pertinentes na identificação do uso de MPI em pessoas idosas usuárias da APS.
Abstract Objective To verify the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in use and possible associated factors in older adults and the agreement between two assessment tool in Primary Health Care (PHC) contex Methods Cross-sectional study. The prevalence of older adults in use of PIM and associated factors were estimated. First of all was calculated the frequency of drugs, among those used, considered PIM. Classification as PIM was based on the 2019 Beers Criteria and the 2016 Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medications 2016 (BCPIM) for the older adults. The agreement between the two classifications was also evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated. Association was evaluated by Odds Ratio (OR). Kappa was calculated for agreement between both classifications. Results The prevalence of older adults using MPI was 32.9%, according to Beers Criteria and 27.6% according to the BCPIM. The reports of diabetes (OR=1.96), depression (OR=2.25) and polypharmacy (OR=4.11) were associated (p<0.001) with the use of inappropriate medication, according to the Beers Criteria. Older adults who were very satisfied with their own health were less likely to use inappropriate medication both according to the Beers Criteria (OR=0.02) and the BCPIM (OR=0.09). Agreement between classifications was considered good (k=0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion Reports of diabetes and depression, polypharmacy and negative self-rated health and satisfaction were associated with PIM's use. The associations were similar between the two classifications, indicating that both are relevant in identifying PIM use in older adults in the context of PHC.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução A queda no desempenho funcional de idosos pode relacionar-se a desfechos adversos pelos quais eles passam, entre os quais a hospitalização. Testes de desempenho, realizados na Atenção Primária à Saúde, podem ajudar a identificar idosos com maiores chances de hospitalização e que demandam maior atenção da equipe de saúde. Objetivo Identificar se o pior desempenho de idosos em testes funcionais pode estar associado a hospitalizações entre idosos. Método Estudo transversal observacional com amostra de 473 idosos comunitários adscritos à Estratégia de Saúde da Família. O desempenho funcional foi avaliado pelos quesitos equilíbrio estático, mobilidade funcional, marcha, força muscular, equilíbrio dinâmico, força de membros inferiores, e pela avaliação do risco de quedas. Dados sobre hospitalização dos participantes foram obtidos pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares Descentralizado (SIHD2/SUS). A análise da associação entre desempenho funcional e hospitalização foi realizada por modelos de Regressão Logística. Resultados No estudo, 32,1% dos idosos participantes foram hospitalizados pelo menos uma vez. A ocorrência de hospitalização foi associada com equilíbrio, desempenho na marcha, mobilidade funcional e risco de quedas. Conclusão Através dos testes funcionais, foi possível observar que o pior desempenho está associado às hospitalizações e a identificação destes fatores permite criar intervenções e estratégias capazes de evitar hospitalizações e seus efeitos adversos.
ABSTRACT Background The decline in the functional performance of the elderly may be related to adverse outcomes, including hospitalization. Performance tests, carried out in Primary Health Care, can help to identify older people who are more likely to be hospitalized and who require more attention from the health team. Objective To identify if the worse performance of the elderly in functional tests may be associated with hospitalizations. Method A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 473 community-dwelling elderly enrolled by Family Health Strategy.. Functional performance was evaluated according to the following criteria: static balance, functional mobility, gait, muscle strength, dynamic balance, lower limb strength, and by assessing the risk of falls. Data on hospitalization of participants were obtained from the Decentralized Hospital Information System (SIHD2 / SUS). The analysis of association between functional performance and hospitalization was performed by Logistic Regression models. Results In the study, 32.1% of the elderly participants were hospitalized at least once. Hospitalization was associated with balance, gait performance, functional mobility, and risk of falls. Conclusion Through functional tests it was possible to observe that the worst performance is associated with hospitalizations and the identification of these factors allows the creation of interventions and strategies capable of avoiding hospitalizations and their adverse effect.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a integralidade do cuidado segundo a percepção do idoso usuário da Atenção Primária à Saúde e sua associação com o uso dos serviços de saúde. Foi desenvolvido estudo transversal no município de Alfenas Minas Gerais. A integralidade foi avaliada pelo questionário PCATool. As análises bruta e ajustada foram realizadas por regressão de Poisson. A amostra contemplou 166 idosos. A análise das medianas do número de respostas evidenciou elevado número de avaliações positivas; 57% da amostra relatou receber orientações sobre mudanças que ocorrem com o envelhecimento, mas apenas 13% relatou receber "orientações sobre incapacidade". As medianas também apresentaram comportamento semelhante em todos os serviços. Conclui-se que idosos que usam mais os serviços não o percebem como mais integral, embora tenha sido evidenciada uma percepção positiva da oferta de ações pelos serviços avaliados.
The objective was to evaluate the integrality according to the perception of older users of primary health care and associate it with the use of health services. To do so, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the municipality of Alfenas - Minas Gerais. Integrality was evaluated by PCAtool questionnaire. The analyses were performed using Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 166 older people. Median analysis of the number of responses showed a high number of positive evaluations, and 57.0% reported receiving guidance about the changes that occur with aging. Nevertheless, only 13.0% reported receiving "disability guidelines". The medians also presented similar behavior in all services. There was no major perception of integrality within the older adults using the health services more often. However, a positive perception of the offer of actions by the evaluated services was evidenced.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Aging , Integrality in HealthABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados a quedas entre idosos adscritos à Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Estudo transversal observacional exploratório de base populacional, realizado com amostra de 571 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por instrumento semiestruturado e testes validados GDS-Scale, FESI-Brasil, TUG test, e SPPB. As associações foram determinadas por Modelos de Regressão Logística. Em relação à ocorrência de quedas no ano anterior, 139 (26%) relataram ter sofrido queda. Foram associados a quedas maior número de comorbidades (OR1,56 IC95%1,007-2,430), uso de dispositivo auxiliar de marcha (OR2,18 IC95%1,054-4,556), relato de alteração auditiva (OR1,61 IC95%1,036-2,495), negativa de prática regular de exercício físico (OR0,571 IC95%0,359-0,895), presença de dor (OR1,650 IC95%1,073-2,558), e baixa autoeficácia em relação a quedas (OR1,568 IC95%1,010-2,442). Foram identificados ao final do estudo seis fatores associados a quedas entre idosos adscritos à ESF, que devem ser inseridos na avaliação desta população.
To identify fall-associated factors among the elderly enrolled in Family Health Strategy (FHS). Cross-sectional, exploratory, population-based study conducted with a sample of 571 elderly. Data were collected using a semi-structured instrument and validated tests GDS-Scale, FESI-Brasil, TUG test, and SPPB. Associations were determined by Logistic Regression Models. Regarding the occurrence of falls in the previous year, 139 (26%) reported at least one fall. Falls were associated with a greater number of comorbidities (OR1.56 95%CI 1.007-2.430), use of a walking aid (OR2.18 95%CI 1.054-4.556), hearing loss report (OR1.61 95%CI 1.036-2.495), negative practice of regular physical exercise (OR0.571 95%CI 0.359-0.895), presence of pain (OR1.650 95%CI 1.073-2.558), and low self-efficacy in relation to falls (OR1.568 95%CI 1.010-2.442). At the end of the study, six factors associated with falls were identified among elderly people enrolled in FHS, which should be included in the evaluation of this population.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Handgrip and knee extension strengths have each been used to characterize disability. However, it has been reported that the association between handgrip and knee extension strengths is weak. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of knee extensor and handgrip muscle strength on Timed Up and Go (TUG) test results among elderly women with worse (≥ 10 seconds) and better (< 10 seconds) performance, after controlling for confounders. DATA AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on a sample selected according to convenience, carried out in a federal public institution of higher education. METHODS: Assessment of handgrip was carried out using the Jamar dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Inc., Lafayette, United States). Knee extensor muscle performance was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Pro; Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., United States), The confounding factors were education, age, comorbidities, body mass index and Geriatric Depression Scale and Human Activity Profile scores. Functional performance was assessed through the TUG test. A backward linear regression model was used. RESULTS: 127 elderly women performed the TUG test in more than 10 seconds and 93 in less than 10 seconds. However, regardless of test performance, handgrip strength and knee extension strength comprised the reduced final model. CONCLUSIONS: Knee extension strength and handgrip strength might be particularly useful indicators for measuring disability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Hand Strength , Independent Living , Time and Motion Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Postural Balance , Muscle StrengthABSTRACT
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the course of low back pain (LBP) intensity over a period of 12 months in older people with and without kinesiophobia.This was an international multicenter study. LBP intensity was examined by using the Numerical Pain Scale at baseline and over five follow-up periods. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire was used to measure patients' beliefs and fears. The study included 532 older adults (non kinesiophobic = 227; kinesiophobic = 305). The individuals had moderate pain at baseline, with a significant difference observed between the groups. Participants showed a rapid improvement in the first 6 weeks, followed by minor improvements in the succeeding months. However, a significant difference between groups remained during the follow-up period. Independently, kinesiophobia is a significant prognostic factor. These findings suggest the importance of screening for psychosocial factors in the management of older patients with LBP. Practice implications: patients need to be warned that pain can be perpetuated by inappropriate avoidance behaviors that may later lead to disability.
Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a evolução da intensidade da dor lombar (DL) ao longo de 12 meses em idosos com e sem cinesiofobia. Este foi um estudo multicêntrico internacional. A intensidade da DL foi avaliada com a Numerical Pain Scale na linha de base e ao longo de 5 períodos de seguimento. As crenças e os medos dos pacientes foram medidos com o Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. O estudo incluiu 532 idosos (sem cinesiofobia = 227; com cinesiofobia = 305). Os idosos apresentavam dor moderada na linha de base, com uma diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os participantes mostraram melhora rápida nas primeiras seis semanas, seguida por melhoras menores nos meses seguintes. Entretanto, persistiu uma diferença significativa entre os grupos durante o período de seguimento. A cinesiofobia é um fator prognóstico importante e independente. Os achados sugerem a importância da triagem de fatores psicossociais no manejo de pacientes idosos com DL. Implicações práticas: os pacientes devem ser advertidos que a dor pode ser perpetuada por comportamentos inadequados de evitação, podendo à incapacidade no longo prazo.
Resumen: El objetivo fue investigar el curso de la intensidad del dolor lumbar (LBP), durante un período de 12 meses, en personas ancianas con y sin quinesofobia. Se trata de un estudio multicéntrico internacional. La intensidad del LBP se evaluó usando la Escala Numérica de Dolor en una base de referencia y sobre 5 períodos de seguimiento. Con el fin de medir las creencias y temores de los pacientes, usamos el Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. El estudio incluyó a 532 ancianos (no quinesofóbicos = 227; quinesofóbicos = 305). Los ancianos sufrieron un dolor moderado en la base de referencia, con una significativa diferencia observada entre grupos. Los participantes mostraron una rápida mejora durante las 6 primeras semanas, seguidas por mejoras menores en los meses siguientes. No obstante, se mantuvo una diferencia significativa entre grupos durante el período de seguimiento. Independientemente, la quinesofobia es un factor pronóstico importante. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de monitorear factores psicosociales en la gestión de pacientes ancianos con LBP. Implicaciones clínicas: los pacientes necesitan ser avisados de que el dolor puede perpetuarse por comportamientos inapropiados de prevención que quizás más tarde conduzcan a la discapacidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Low Back Pain/psychology , Disabled Persons , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Disability Evaluation , Fear/psychologyABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação entre a frequência de eventos estressores e citocinas em pessoas idosas longevas. Métodos os participantes responderam a um questionário constituído de variáveis sociodemográficas, indicaram quais eventos estressores constantes no Inventário de Eventos Estressores de vida ocorreram nos últimos cinco anos e responderam a escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS). Foram dosados por citometria de fluxo: interleucina (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ). A análise descritiva foi realizada para a caracterização da amostra. Para investigar a associação entre as variáveis foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o método Backward. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 91 pessoas idosas com média de idade de 82 anos. Mais da metade da amostra relatou morte de ente querido como o evento estressor mais prevalente (61%). Nessa amostra foi possível perceber que quanto mais eventos estressores foram relatados, menor o nível de IL-4 (p=0,046), da mesma forma que o estado civil viuvez, onde os dados mostraram que quem é viúvo tem menos eventos estressores em comparação a quem é casado (p=0,037). Conclusão Evidenciou-se a importância de um olhar mais cuidadoso dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, de forma que se obtenham subsídios para a implementação de programas e intervenções específicos que possam amenizar a percepção dos eventos estressores vivenciados, colaborando com menores danos decorrentes da imunossenescência.
Abstract Objective To investigate the association between the frequency of stressor events and cytokines in long-lived older people. Methods The participants answered a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, indicated which stressor events included in the Stressor Life Events Inventory occurred in the last five years and answered the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The following were measured by flow cytometry: interleukin (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We carried out a descriptive statistical analysis in order to characterize the sample. To investigate the association between the variables, a multiple linear regression model was developed, using the Backward method. Results 91 older people with an age average of 82 years participated in the research. More than half of the sample reported the death of a loved one as the most prevalent stressor event (61%). In this sample, it was possible to notice that the more stressor events were reported, the lower the level of IL-4 (p=0.046), as well as the marital status of widowhood, where data showed that those who are widowed have fewer stressor events in comparison to who is married (p=0.037). Conclusion The importance of a more careful look by health professionals in older people multidimensional assessment was evidenced, so that subsidies are obtained for the implementation of specific programs and interventions that can ease the perception of the stressor events experienced, collaborating with less resulting damage of immunosenescence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health of the Elderly , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interleukins/blood , Interferon-gamma/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Psychological DistressABSTRACT
RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a adesão de usuários a grupos de atividade física realizados por fisioterapeutas na atenção básica (AB) e seus fatores associados. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e outro de adesão adaptado, que investiga fatores gerais, motivadores e barreiras que podem influenciar na adesão. A amostra foi subdivida em 3 grupos em relação à adesão: 1-30% de frequência em 6 meses baixa adesão, de 31 - 70% média e acima de 71% alta adesão. Os grupos foram comparados pelos testes de Kruskall-Wallis e análise de variância (Anova) e a associação avaliada por regressão logística multinomial. Nos resultados, em relação à adesão, 46,8% da amostra apresentou baixa, 42,2% média e 11% alta adesão entre os 154 participantes, com média etária de 58,98±11,54 anos para fatores gerais, barreiras e motivadores foram diferentes (p<0,05) entre os grupos, e menor relato de fatores gerais de não adesão reduziram a chance de média adesão aos grupos. O maior tempo de participação nos grupos aumentou a chance de média e alta adesão em toda a amostra. Concluímos que o conhecimento dos fatores que influenciam positivamente na adesão, como tempo de participação, disposição e interesse, facilitam o desenvolvimento de estratégias pelos profissionais da AB para sua manutenção. Os resultados mostraram que existem fatores que interferem na adesão aos grupos realizados na AB.
RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la adherencia de los usuarios a los grupos de actividad física llevada a cabo por fisioterapeutas en la atención primaria (AP) y sus factores asociados. En cuanto al método, se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y un cuestionario de adherencia adaptado, que examina os factores generales, los motivadores y las barreras que pueden influir en la adherencia al grupo. La muestra se subdividió en 3 grupos en relación a la adherencia: del 1-30% de frecuencia en 6 meses baja adherencia, entre el 31-70% mediana adherencia y superior al 71% alta adherencia. Los grupos se compararon mediante las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y el análisis de varianza (Anova), y la asociación se evaluó mediante la regresión logística multinomial. Los resultados evidenciaron que, en relación a la adherencia, el 46,8% de la muestra tuvo baja adherencia, el 42,2% mediana y el 11% alta entre los 154 participantes con una edad promedio de 58,98±11,54 años para factores generales, las barreras y los motivadores fueron distintos (p<0,05) entre los grupos, y un menor relato de los factores generales de la no adherencia redujo la posibilidad de tener una mediana adherencia a los grupos. El mayor tiempo de participación en los grupos aumentó la posibilidad de tener una adherencia mediana y alta en la muestra. Se concluye que el conocimiento de los factores que influyen positivamente en la adherencia, como el tiempo de participación, la disposición y el interés, facilitan el desarrollo de estrategias por parte de los profesionales de AP para el mantenimiento en el grupo. Los resultados mostraron que existen factores que interfieren en la adherencia a los grupos en la AP.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the users' adherence to physical activity groups conducted by physical therapists at primary health care (PHC) and their related factors. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. A semi-structured questionnaire and an adapted adherence questionnaire were applied, which investigate general factors, motivators, and obstacles that can affect adherence. The sample was divided into three groups according to adherence: 1-30% of frequency in 6 months as low adherence; 31 to 70% as medium adherence; and above 71% as high adherence. The groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests, and the association was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression. Regarding adherence results, 46.8% of the sample had low, 42.2% medium, and 11% high adherence among the 154 participants, with a mean age of 58.98±11.54 years for general factors, barriers and motivators were different (p<0.05) between groups, and lower reporting of general non-adherence factors reduced the chance of medium adherence to groups. The longer participation time in the groups increased the chance of average and high adherence across the sample. We conclude that the knowledge of the factors that positively affect adherence, such as time of participation, willingness, and interest, facilitate the development of strategies by PHC professionals for its maintenance. The results showed that there are factors that affect the adherence of groups in PHC.
ABSTRACT
Resumo O estudo investigou a prevalência de declínio da capacidade funcional e seus fatores associados em idosos adscritos à Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), em um município do sul de Minas Gerais. Estudo observacional, transversal, de base populacional, com 406 idosos. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada pelo Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); seus fatores associados foram avaliados por um questionário estruturado incluindo aspectos sociodemográficos, econômicos, clínicos e físicos. Concentrações de mediadores inflamatórios foram dosadas pelo método de Elisa ("Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay"). Regressão linear múltipla foi usada para as análises (p < 0,05). A prevalência de declínio funcional na amostra foi de 57,6% e os fatores associados à capacidade funcional foram: idade avançada, sexo feminino, número de medicamentos, sintomas depressivos, elevadas concentrações plasmáticas de receptor solúvel 1 do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (sTNFR1) e baixa força de preensão palmar. Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade funcional foi associada a uma rede de fatores multidimensionais. O presente estudo contribui para a prática de profissionais na ESF ao apontar os principais fatores que podem nortear as ações de promoção e prevenção do declínio da capacidade funcional na população idosa.
Abstract The study investigated the prevalence of functional capacity decline and its associated factors in the older people enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in a city in the south of Minas Gerais. This is an observational, cross-sectional, population-based study with 406 elderly (70.49 years ± 6.77). The functional capacity was evaluated by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and its associated factors were evaluated by a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic, economic, clinical and physical aspects. The analysis of plasma levels of inflammatory mediators was performed by the ELISA method. Multiple linear regression was used for the analyses (p < 0.05). The prevalence of functional decline in the sample was 57.6% and factors associated with functional capacity were advanced age, female gender, number of medications, depressive symptoms, high plasma concentrations of the soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor alpha 1 (sTNFR1) and low handgrip strength. The results demonstrated that functional capacity was associated with a network of multidimensional factors. This study contributes to the practice of ESF professionals by indicating the main factors that can guide actions to promote and prevent the decline of functional capacity in the elderly population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Family Health , Hand Strength , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivou validar a Ferramenta de Rastreamento do Risco de Quedas (FRRISque) em pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, do tipo screening avaliativo. A amostra foi composta por 854 idosos. Além da versão piloto da FRRISque, foi aplicado o instrumento QuickScreen® como referência padrão no intuito de realizar a validade de critério concorrente, determinando os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. A maioria das pessoas idosas era do sexo feminino (57,6%), com média de idade de 71,87 anos. Nas análises por regressão logística, evidenciou-se que apenas 10 itens da FRRISque contribuem para o aumento do risco de quedas em idosos e referem-se aos fatores de risco queda anterior, uso de dispositivo de auxílio à marcha, polifarmácia, uso de psicotrópicos, dificuldade para subir ou descer uma ladeira, dificuldade para andar 100 metros, déficit visual e auditivo, baixa atividade física e ambiente mal iluminado. Este modelo de estratificação de risco assume valores de sensibilidade de 91,3% e especificidade de 73,4%. A FRRISque se caracteriza como instrumento válido, simples, porém denso, de baixo custo e de fácil e rápida aplicação, podendo ser empregado por todos os profissionais de saúde da atenção básica, inclusive por agentes comunitários de saúde.
Abstract This study aimed to validate of Fall Risk Tracking Tool (FRRISque) in elderly community dwellers. A cross-sectional evaluative screening study was carried out on a sample of 854 elderly. In addition to the pilot version of FRRISque, the QuickScreen® tool was applied as a standard reference in order to validate a concurrent criterion, determining sensitivity and specificity values. Most of the elderly people were female (57.6%) with an average age of 71.87 years. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only 10 FRRISque items contribute to increased elderly fall risk and they refer to the risk factors of previous falls, use of a walking aid device, polypharmacy, use of psychotropic substances, difficulty to ascend and descend a slope, difficulty to walk for a distance of 100 meters, visual and hearing impairment, low physical activity and poorly lit environment. This risk stratification model assumes sensitivity values of 91.3% and specificity values of 73.4%. The FRRISque is defined as a valid, simple, low-cost and of easy and rapid application tool that can be used by all primary health care professionals, including community health workers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Independent Living , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Introduction: In the last decades, a social phenomenon has emerged: the number of elderly people residing in single-person households, that is, living alone. Among these individuals are those who accumulate losses in health, social and personal life during their lifespan. Objective: To integrate scientific knowledge about elderly people living alone. Methods: It is an integrative review performed on four international databases. The theoretical reference of the Quality of Life was chosen to categorize the results. Results: After critical reading and analysis of 16 selected articles, two main themes and four subthemes emerged. The first main theme was named by "Contextualization of the Elderly that Lives Alone"; the second main theme was called "The role of family in the life of the elderly living alone". Conclusion: This age group needs a support network to maintain their quality of life; this network must encompass family members, friends, neighbors and health professionals and these must aid the elderly living alone in daily activities, travels and healthcare, among others; since the elderly living alone usually present chronic conditions, cognitive/motor deficit and higher risk of social isolation. (AU)
Introdução: Nas últimas décadas um fenômeno social vem emergindo: o número de pessoas que residem em domicílios unipessoais, isto é, que moram sós. Dentre esses indivíduos destacamse aqueles idosos que acumulam perdas na saúde, na vida social e pessoal durante o seu ciclo vital. Objetivo: Integrar o conhecimento científico sobre as pessoas idosas que moram sós. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa de literatura realizada em quatro bases de dados internacionais. O referencial teórico da Qualidade de Vida foi escolhido à categorização dos resultados. Resultados: Após a análise e leitura crítica das 16 referências selecionadas, emergiram dois temas principais "Contextualização da pessoa idosa que vive só", que foi subdividida em quatro subtemas. O segundo tema foi nomeado como "O papel da família na vida da pessoa idosa que vive só". Conclusão: Esse grupo etário necessita de uma rede de apoio para manutenção de sua qualidade de vida; tal rede pode ser formada por familiares, amigos, vizinhos e profissionais de saúde e esses devem auxiliar a pessoa idosa que reside só em suas atividades diárias, viagens, cuidados de saúde e outros; pois o idoso que mora sozinho geralmente apresenta condições crônicas de saúde, déficit cognitivo e/ou motor, com risco ao isolamento social. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Isolation , Aged , Quality of Life , Health , Risk , Nursing , Physical Therapy Modalities , GeriatricsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: The World Health Organization reports that one of the main incapacitating conditions in older adults is osteomusculoskeletal disorders, and among these is low back pain. There are few instruments translated and transculturally adapted with psychometric properties evaluated for older adults with this health condition in Brazil. The Pain Response to Activity and Positioning (PRAP) questionnaire enables classification of older adults through functional performance. The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the reliability of the PRAP for older Brazilian people with chronic low back pain. Methods: A cross-sectional methodological study from the international study "Back Complaints in the Elders". We included individuals aged ≥60 years, with chronic lumbar pain complaints lasting ≥3 months. The transcultural translation and adaptation process followed the criteria proposed by Beaton and Guilhemeim, 1993. Reliability was tested using an unweighted Cohen's Kappa. Results: Thirty-six (36) older adults participated in the study (71.15 ± 7.23 years, 94.4% female). The intra-rater reliability for Low Back Pain (LBP) was between 0.50-1.00 and 0.23-0.84 for lower limbs, while the inter-rater reliability for LBP was between 0.25-0.63 and between 0.18-0.53 for lower limbs. The criteria for low back pain diagnosis showed intra and inter-rater agreement of 0.52 and 0.47, respectively. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed adequate reliability and ability to classify older adults in the diagnosis of LBP by reporting the performance of daily activities, and is indicated for use in the context of research and clinical practice. Trial registration: There is no trial registration. This is a methodological study.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Translations , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Health Surveys , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Brazil , Activities of Daily Living , Observer Variation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Low Back Pain/classification , Self Report , Chronic Pain/classification , Physical Functional PerformanceABSTRACT
Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um problema de saúde pública relacionado a inúmeras condições adversas. Objetivo: Caracterizar indivíduos diabéticos tipo II cadastrados em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo observacional de caráter transversal realizado, em visitas domiciliares, através da avaliação dos pés, da qualidade de vida, de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, hábitos de vida e dos cálculos do Índice Tornozelo-Braço (ITB) e Risco Cardiovascular (RCV). Resultados: Amostra composta por 33 indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2, média etária de 62,94±11,43, a maioria acima do peso e com RCV aumentado. Não houve correlação entre ITB e RCV (p>0,05) e diferença para o valor do ITB em relação ao consumo de cigarros, bebida alcóolica e prática de atividade física (p>0,05). Conclusão: O acesso aos serviços da Atenção Básica facilita o controle do diabetes na população, mas atividades de promoção de saúde e prevenção secundária devem ser estimuladas.
Introduction: The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a public health problem related to numerous adverse conditions. Objective: To characterize type II diabetic patients registered in a Family Health Strategy. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study carried out during home visits, through the assessment of the feet, quality of life, socio-demographic and clinical variables, lifestyle and calculations of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and Cardiovascular Risk (RCV). Results: The sample was composed of 33 individuals, aged 62,94±11,43, mostly overweight and with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). There was no correlation between ABI and CVR (p> 0.05) and there was a difference between the ABI and cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption and physical activity (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The access to primary care services facilitates diabetes control in the population, however, health promotion activities and secondary prevention should be encouraged.
Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Self Care , Ankle Brachial Index , House CallsABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar na literatura os atributos do conceito "insuficiência familiar" na pessoa idosa. Método: análise crítica da literatura. Resultados: insuficiência familiar se caracteriza como um processo de interação psicossocial de estrutura complexa, fundado especialmente no baixo apoio social da pessoa idosa e no vínculo familiar prejudicado. Tem como antecedentes as transformações contemporâneas no sistema familiar, os conflitos intergeracionais, o comprometimento das relações familiares e a vulnerabilidade social da família. As consequências da insuficiência familiar incluem a vulnerabilidade social da pessoa idosa, o declínio da saúde psicológica e funcional, a menor qualidade de vida e o envelhecimento mal sucedido. Elaborou-se uma proposta teórica inédita para o conceito de insuficiência familiar na pessoa idosa com os atributos, antecedentes e consequentes identificados. Conclusão: os achados deste estudo constituem avanço teórico em relação à Síndrome Insuficiência Familiar na pessoa idosa, oferecendo dados para futuras pesquisas de campo no desenvolvimento do conceito.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar en la literatura los atributos del concepto "insuficiencia familiar" en lo adulto mayor. Método: análisis crítico de la literatura. Resultados: insuficiencia familiar se caracteriza por un proceso de interacción psicosocial de estructura compleja, establecido especialmente en el bajo apoyo social de lo adulto mayor y en el vínculo familiar perjudicado. Tiene como antecedentes las transformaciones contemporáneas en el sistema familiar, los conflictos intergeneracionales, el comprometimiento de las relaciones familiares y la vulnerabilidad social de la familia. Los consecuentes de la insuficiencia familiar incluyen la vulnerabilidad social del adulto mayor, el deterioro de la salud psicológica y el funcional, menor calidad de vida y el envejecimiento mal sucedido. Una propuesta teórica sin precedentes se elaboró con el concepto de insuficiencia familiar en lo adulto mayor con los atributos, antecedentes y consecuentes identificados. Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio se constituyen en un avance teórico sobre la Síndrome de la Insuficiencia Familiar en lo adulto mayor, proporcionando datos para futuras investigaciones de campo en el desarrollo del concepto.
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the attributes of the "family insufficiency" concept of the aged in the literature. Method: critical literature analysis. Results: family insufficiency is characterized as a complex process of psychosocial interaction, founded mainly on low social support of the aged and impaired family ties. Its antecedents are found in contemporary transformations within the family system, intergenerational conflicts, impaired family relationships and social vulnerability of the family. The consequences of family insufficiency include social vulnerability of the aged, decline of psychological and functional health, lower quality of life and unsuccessful aging. An original theoretical proposal was elaborated for the concept of family insufficiency in the elderly, with the identification of its attributes, antecedents and consequences. Conclusion: the findings of this study constitute a theoretical advancement in the Family Insufficiency Syndrome in elderly people and provide data for future field research in developing the concept.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Support , Aging , Quality of Life , Family HealthABSTRACT
RESUMO A prática de exercícios terapêuticos por idosos visa melhorar o desempenho funcional. A prescrição de exercícios domiciliares é uma prática rotineira na fisioterapia, mas sua efetividade depende da adesão dos idosos, que frequentemente é muito baixa. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a adesão e retenção de idosas a um programa domiciliar e identificar os fatores associados a essa prática. Este estudo é observacional exploratório, composto por 96 idosas, (71,3±5,16 anos) submetidas a um programa de exercícios em casa. Foram avaliadas medidas clínicas, funcionais e um questionário de adesão para identificar os fatores motivadores e as barreiras. A taxa de retenção foi de 86% e a de adesão foi de 36%, com o mínimo de 85% de frequência. Os modelos de regressão aplicados não foram significativos, e nas análises estatísticas comparativas entre grupos foi verificada alta incidência de fatores negativos. A ausência de correlação entre pior desempenho funcional e físico com a baixa adesão evidencia que esse desfecho é complexo e multifatorial, e deve ser explorado também sob aspectos sociais, emocionais e culturais.
RESUMEN La práctica de ejercicios terapéuticos para mayores pretende mejorar el desempeño funcional. La prescripción de ejercicios domiciliarios es una práctica rutinera en la fisioterapia, pero su eficacia depende de la adhesión de los mayores, que a menudo es baja. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la adhesión y retención de mujeres mayores a un programa domiciliario e identificar los factores asociados a esta práctica. Este estudio es observacional exploratorio, formado por 96 mujeres mayores (71,3±5,16 años) sometidas a un programa de ejercicios en casa. Se evaluaron las medidas clínicas, funcionales y un cuestionario de adhesión para identificar los factores motivadores y las barreras. La tasa de retención fue del 86% y la de adhesión fue del del 36%, con un mínimo del 85% de frecuencia. Los modelos de regresión aplicados no fueron significativos y en los análisis estadísticos comparativos entre grupos se comprobó alta incidencia de factores negativos. La ausencia de correlación entre peor desempeño funcional y físico con la baja adhesión demuestra que este resultado es complejo y multifactorial, y que debe ser explorado también en los aspectos sociales, emocionales y culturales.
ABSTRACT Practice of therapeutic exercises for older adults aims at better functional performance. It is an everyday practice on physiotherapy, the prescription of home exercises; although its effectiveness depends on adhesion, which is usually very low. The aim of the study was to evaluate older women´s adhesion to and retention in a home program and to identify the factors associated with this practice. This study is exploratory and observational, n=96 older women, (71.3 years old ±5.16) subjected to a program of home exercises. Clinical and functional measures were applied with an adhesion questionnaire to identify motivational factors and barriers. Retention rate was 86% and adhesion was 36%, with a minimum frequency of 85%. Regression models applied were not significant and comparative static analysis between groups verified a high occurrence of negative factors. Correlation absence between worse functional and physical performance with low adhesion highlights such outcome is complex, has multi factors and should also be explored regarding social, emotional and cultural aspects.