Substance use and mental health of Brazilian truck drivers / Consumo de sustancias y salud mental de los camioneros brasileños

Objetivo: evaluar el uso de sustancias y la salud mental de los camioneros brasileños, y cómo estos impactan en sus comportamientos re-lacionados con la conducción. Métodos: estudiotransversal realizado con 235 camioneros en Brasil. Resultados: Los conductores que condujeron des-pués de beber eran fumadores, sufrieron agresiones y experimentaron an-siedad. Las fallas en la conducción se asociaron con la conducción después de beber y han sufrido agresiones. Los errores se asociaron con la altera-ción del sueño y la participación en accidentes que tuvieron víctimas. Las infracciones fueron mayores entre quienes condujeron después de beber, consumieron drogas, tenían ansiedad y problemas de sueño. Conclusión: El uso de sustancias, la salud mental, la somnolencia y la violencia están inter-relacionados para los camioneros brasileños.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the substance use and mental health of Bra-zilian truck drivers, how these impact on their driving-related behaviors.Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 235 truck drivers in Brazil. Results: The drivers who drove after drinking were smokers, suffered as-saults and experienced anxiety. Lapses in driving were associated with driv-ing after drinking and have suffered assaults. Errors were associated with impaired sleep and being involved in accidents that had victims. Violations were greater amongst those who drove after drinking, used drugs, had anx-iety and impaired sleep. Conclusion: Substance use, mental health, drowsi-ness and violence are interrelated for Brazilian truck drivers.(AU)

The emotional and psychiatric problems of adolescents on parole whose parents are substance users: A Brazilian cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between having parents with substance use problems, and having suffered neglect within the family, and behavioral problems (psychological and drug use) among adolescents. All the participants were enrolled on the socio-educational parole scheme, 'Assisted Freedom'. In this cross-sectional study, 150 adolescents were interviewed using the Drug Abuse Screening Test, Teen Addiction Severity Index, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Ninety-five percent of the participants were male (n = 143), aged 13-17. Thirty percent of adolescents had a parent who used substances and had experienced neglect from their families. Those adolescents who were living with both parents (odds ratio adjusted (ORA) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-6.37), from a low-income family (ORA = 6.7, 95% CI = 1.85-24.22), experienced hallucinations (ORA = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.25-6.14), had problems controlling violent behavior (ORA = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.12-5.87), and were physically neglected (ORA = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.24-7.49) were more likely to have parents who used substances and to have experienced parental neglect. This article concludes that adolescents, who are on parole, come from families with high level of psychosocial vulnerabilities, including substance use, experience neglect by their families leading to adverse emotional and psychological states.

Use of psychoactive substances in women in outpatient treatment.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the sociodemographic and psychiatric profile of women users of psychoactive substances in treatment for drug addiction. METHOD: descriptive study of quantitative approach performed with women attended at a Psychosocial Care Center for Users of Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS ad) from the interior of São Paulo State. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 349 adult women, single, low educational level and unemployed, users of alcohol, cocaine, crack and tranquillizers. Among the consequences of use include withdrawal syndrome, overdose, depressive and suicidal symptoms. Most were referred for treatment by the family or health services. Almost 20% of these women had previously started treatments. CONCLUSION: The results suggest marked morbidity and high levels of psychosocial vulnerability, which require thorough investigation at the patient's admission, as well as damage associated with use, withdrawal symptoms and depressive symptoms.

Use of psychoactive substances in women in outpatient treatment / Uso de sustancias en mujeres en tratamiento ambulatorio / Uso de substâncias psicoativas em mulheres em tratamento ambulatorial

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the sociodemographic and psychiatric profile of women users of psychoactive substances in treatment for drug addiction. Method: descriptive study of quantitative approach performed with women attended at a Psychosocial Care Center for Users of Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS ad) from the interior of São Paulo State. Results: the sample consisted of 349 adult women, single, low educational level and unemployed, users of alcohol, cocaine, crack and tranquillizers. Among the consequences of use include withdrawal syndrome, overdose, depressive and suicidal symptoms. Most were referred for treatment by the family or health services. Almost 20% of these women had previously started treatments. Conclusion: The results suggest marked morbidity and high levels of psychosocial vulnerability, which require thorough investigation at the patient's admission, as well as damage associated with use, withdrawal symptoms and depressive symptoms.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico y psiquiátrico de mujeres usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas en tratamiento para la dependencia química. Método: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo realizado con mujeres atendidas en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial para Usuarios de Alcohol y otras Drogas (CAPS ad) del interior paulista. Resultados: la muestra fue de 349 mujeres adultas, solteras, baja escolaridad y desempleadas, usuarias de alcohol, cocaína, crack y tranquilizantes. Entre las consecuencias del uso incluyen el síndrome de abstinencia, sobredosis, síntomas depresivos y suicidas. La mayoría fueron encaminadas para el tratamiento por la familia o los servicios de salud. Casi el 20% de estas mujeres ya habían iniciado tratamientos anteriormente. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren acentuada morbilidad y altos niveles de vulnerabilidad psicosocial, que requieren una investigación minuciosa en la admisión de la usuaria, además de daños asociados al uso, síntomas de abstinencia y síntomas depressivos.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográficos e psiquiátrico de mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas em tratamento para dependência química. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado com mulheres atendidas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Usuários de Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPS ad) do interior paulista. Resultados: a amostra foi de 349 mulheres adultas, solteiras, baixa escolaridade e desempregadas, usuárias de álcool, cocaína, crack e tranquilizantes. Entre as consequências do uso incluem a síndrome de abstinência, overdose, sintomas depressivos e suicidas. A maioria foi encaminhada para o tratamento pela família ou serviços de saúde. Quase 20% dessas mulheres já havia iniciado tratamentos anteriormente. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem acentuada morbidade e elevados níveis de vulnerabilidade psicossocial, que requerem investigação minuciosa na admissão da usuária, além de danos associados ao uso, sintomas de abstinência e sintomas depressivos.

O uso de substâncias psicoativas e papéis ocupacionais entre adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa na liberdade assistida / The use of psychoactive substances and occupational roles among adolescents serving social-educational measures in assisted freedom

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as relações entre o uso de drogas, atos infracionais e papéis ocupacionais entre adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 150 adolescentes que estavam cumprindo medida socioeducativa (MSE) em Liberdade Assistida (LA). O Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20), o Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) e a Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais (LIPO) foram utilizados. Os adolescentes eram de ambos os sexos, raça negra, evangélicos, baixo nível de escolaridade, família monoparental com cinco ou mais pessoas na família, envolvimento no tráfico de drogas e desconhecimento da renda familiar. As drogas mais usadas foram a maconha e o álcool (últimos 30 dias). O uso recente de tabaco, inalantes e paiero predominou com nível de problema moderado de drogas. Diferenciaram-se por consumirem álcool (últimos 30 dias) e concomitante com drogas, gasto com o uso de bebidas alcoólicas. Observou-se ainda o uso recente de maconha (63%), paiero (30%) e inalantes (42%) na vida. O papel ocupacional mais desempenhado no passado foi amigo (90,7%), no presente (89,3%); e para o futuro (98%), a família. O mais prejudicado foi o de estudante, já que os índices de abandono escolar são elevados (86,4% no Ensino Médio), com uso de inalantes (69,4%) e problema médio/moderado de drogas (68,3%). Os papéis ocupacionais de continuidade foram serviços domésticos, relações com amigos, membros da família, religiosos (evangélicos 47,1%) e atividades de passatempo (mulheres 81,4%). Todavia, pretendiam mudanças em atividades voluntárias, religiosas, tráfico de drogas e participação em organizações. Os resultados podem contribuir para a elaboração de propostas de trabalhos preventivos perante o uso de drogas entre os adolescentes em MSE na LA. Principalmente, em relação ao papel ocupacional de estudante, uma vez que limita que o adolescente exerça de forma produtiva os papéis ocupacionais socialmente esperados nessa etapa do ciclo de vida

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationships among drug use, infractions and occupational roles among adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study performed with 150 adolescents serving social-educational measures (SEM) in Assisted Freedom (AF). We used the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20), the Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) and the Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais (LIPO). Adolescents were males and females, black race, evangelicals, with low schooling level, single-parent family with five or more people in the household, engagement in drug trafficking and unknown family income. The most commonly used drugs were marijuana and alcohol (last 30 days). The recent use of tobacco, inhalants and straw cigarette has predominated with moderate level of drug problem. They were differentiated by consuming alcohol (last 30 days) concomitantly with illegal drugs, spent with the use of alcoholic beverages. Moreover, we have observed the recent use of marijuana (63%), straw cigarette (30%) and inhalants (42%) in their lives. The most performed occupational role in the past was friend (90.7%), in the present (89.3%); and for the future (98%), the family. The most undermined was student, since school dropout rates are high (86.4% in High School), with the use of inhalants (69.4%) and medium/moderate drug problem (68.3%). The occupational roles of continuity were domestic services, relationships with friends, family members, religious (evangelicals 47.1%) and hobby activities (women 81.4%). However, they longed to achieve changes in voluntary and religious activities, drug trafficking and participation in organizations. The results may contribute to the elaboration of proposals for preventive works concerning the use of drugs among adolescents undergoing SEM in AF. Especially, in relation to the occupational role of student, since it hinders the adolescent from exercising productively the socially expected occupational roles in this stage of the life cycle