ABSTRACT
Neurotraumatology has its roots in ancient history, but its modern foundations are the physical examination, imaging to localize the pathology, and thoughtful medical and surgical decision making. The neurobiology of cranial and spinal injury is similar, with the main goal of therapies being to limit secondary injury. Brain injury treatment focuses on minimizing parenchymal swelling within the confined cranial vault. Spine injury treatment has the additional consideration of spinal coumn stability. Current guidelines for non-operative and operative management are reviewed in this chapter.
Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/therapy , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Trauma, Nervous System/therapy , Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Brain Injuries/epidemiology , Humans , Neuroimaging , Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology , Trauma, Nervous System/diagnosis , Trauma, Nervous System/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Entrapment neuropathies can be common conditions with the potential to cause significant disability. Correct diagnosis is essential for proper management. This article is a review of recent developments related to diagnosis and treatment of various common and uncommon nerve entrapment disorders. When combined with classical peripheral nerve examination techniques, innovations in imaging modalities have led to more reliable diagnoses. Moreover, innovations in conservative and surgical techniques have been controversial as to their effects on patient outcome, but randomized controlled trials have provided important information regarding common operative techniques. Treatment strategies for painful peripheral neuropathies are also reviewed.