Histological aspects of the renal sexual segment of Brazilian snakes of the Boidae family.

Snakes represent a wide and diverse group of species and have anatomical particularities, such as the renal sexual segment (RSS), a structure located in the kidneys and formed from the hypertrophy of the urinary ducts and nephrons. This study aims at describing the histological aspects of the RSS of Boa constrictor, Epicrates cenchria and Corallus hortulanus, all of which are Brazilian snake species from the Boidae family. The reproductive system and kidneys of five male specimens of E. cenchria, three male specimens of C. hortulanus and two male specimens of B. constrictor were obtained. Tissue samples were processed histologically and different stains used (Toluidine Blue, Alcian Blue and Periodic Acid Schiff). The histological evaluation of the RSS of E. cenchria, C. hortulanus and B. constrictor shows that the RSS in these species varies when comparing individuals in the reproductive period with those which are not. It also allows for the observation of the segment's secretory activity in animals in the reproductive stage (mature sperm in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules) as well as in those which are not. Finally, the histological evaluation also reveals the variation of the secretion product in individuals in the reproductive period, in those which are not, and also among individuals within the same reproductive stage.

Case report of hepatic calodiosis in a rescued dog.

Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a nematode responsible for parasitic zoonosis that can cause granulomatous lesions in the liver. Although murids are the main hosts, C. hepaticum has been documented in a wide range of mammals. Here, we report a case of hepatic calodiosis in a 6-month-old dog that was rescued in the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. Even after being attended at a Veterinary Hospital, the case resulted in animal death. Necroscopic examination revealed significant macroscopic changes in the spleen, liver, and encephalus. Microscopic examination revealed parasitic eggs, identified as Calodium cf. hepaticum, that were rounded to oval with a bilamellar cuticle, radially striated, and with bipolar plugs. Considering the difficulty to diagnose this parasite, and the existence of diverse possible hosts in Mato Grosso due to the biodiversity of the state, further investigation is required to understand the true prevalence of C. hepaticum and the importance of this nematode in public health.

Pathological and etiological characterization of cases of bovine abortion due to sporadic bacterial and mycotic infections.

Opportunistic bacteria and fungi are commonly reported causes of bovine abortion in a small percentage of fetal losses of infectious etiology in cattle. The objective of this study was to characterize the pathological and etiological findings in fetuses aborted due to secondary bacterial and fungal infections submitted for postmortem examination between 2004 and 2019 in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Nineteen cases of bacterial etiology and five cases of fungal etiology were assessed. In cases of bacterial etiology, gross changes were uncommon and two different microscopic patterns were observed: (1) primary bronchopneumonia with occasional dissemination in cases of Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Mannheimia haemolytica infections; and (2) systemic disease with sepsis in cases of Escherichia coli and Listeria sp. infections. Aspergillus sp. was the main fungal agent identified, and cases of mycotic abortion were characterized by placentitis, dermatitis, and pneumonia. Fetal membranes were available for examination in less than half of the submissions (11/24), and placental lesions were observed in all cases. This study reaffirms the importance of postmortem examinations in the determination of causes of fetal loss in cattle and highlights pathological findings commonly observed in fetuses aborted due to sporadic bacterial and fungal agents.

An abortion storm in dairy cattle associated with neosporosis in southern Brazil.

Between December 2016 and April 2017, a spate of abortions occurred in a closed dairy herd from the central eastern region of Paraná, Brazil, in which 75 cows aborted. To identify its cause, organ fragments were collected from an aborted fetus for histopathology, and the blood samples from a stillborn, 4 aborted fetuses, and 9 farm dogs for indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). These tests found multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, periportal hepatitis, and multifocal lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis, and detected anti-Neospora antibodies in all aborted fetuses, and in 5 of the 9 dogs. DNA of Neospora caninum was detected in the brain tissue of an aborted fetus. Blood samples of 340 cows and 146 heifers showed 33.5% and 30.8% seropositivity, respectively. In this closed herd, the parasite was probably introduced by infected domesticated or wild carnivores inhabiting the farm, through the infective oocysts present in their stool.

Feline subcutaneous pythiosis / Pitiose subcutânea em um felino

ABSTRACT: Pythiosis in felines is a rare disease associated with the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The aim of this report was to describe the macroscopic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of P. insidiosum infection in a 2-year-old cat, with a localized invasive subcutaneous mass. The feline had an increase of volume near the anal region since it was younger. The cat died just after surgery. The necropsy was performed, and samples were collected for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the skin lesion was characterized by necro-eosinophilic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis surrounding negatively stained hyphal structures. In the sections stained with GMS, dark brown hyphae were clearly seen inside the affected tissue. They were rarely septate and their walls were almost parallel. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody showed a strongly immunostained hyphae into the lesions. The analysis based on PCR had a positive result for P. insidiosum. Pythiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous tissue disorders in felines.

RESUMO: Pitiose em felinos é uma doença de ocorrência rara associada ao oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as características macroscópicas, histopatológicas e moleculares da infecção por P. insidiosum em um gato de dois anos de idade, com uma massa invasiva localizada no subcutâneo. O gato morreu logo após a cirurgia, sendo realizada a necropsia e coleta de amostras para exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, a lesão cutânea foi caracterizada por dermatite necroeosinofílica, paniculite e miosite envolvendo imagens de hifas negativamente coradas. Nas seções coradas com GMS, hifas marrom-escuras foram claramente vistas dentro do tecido afetado. As hifas raramente eram septadas e suas paredes eram quase paralelas. A imuno-histoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum, mostrou hifas fortemente imunomarcadas nas lesões. A análise baseada em PCR teve resultado positivo para P. insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de desordens teciduais subcutâneas em felinos.

Detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in pigs from subsistence farms in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, recognized as an important global public health concern. In this study, molecular detection of the ORF1 and ORF2 genomic regions of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) was carried out in fecal and serum samples from pigs in subsistence farms of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Fragments of the ORF2 region were amplified in 8% (12/150) of fecal samples, with 53.3% (8/15) of farms having positive results. Of the 12 positive samples, fragments of the ORF1 region were amplified in 33.3% (4/12) of these. Molecular characterization confirmed the phylogenetic groupings as HEV subtypes 3d, 3 h, and 3i. The results revealed that meat from pigs that was originally meant for personal consumption is being traded in marketplaces in metropolitan Cuiabá, thereby creating a source of transmission to consumers in Mato Grosso. The environmental conditions must be taken into account when investigating the presence and transmission of HEV.

Experimental infection in gerbils by Conidiobolus lamprauges.

Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging entomophthoramycosis caused by fungi Conidiobolus spp. Animal models are essential for the study of infectious disease in various areas such as pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention. There is not currently an animal model for conidiobolomycosis. The aim of this study was to create an experimental infection protocol for Conidiobolus lamprauges in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The study animals were randomly divided into four groups of four animals: immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and infected with C. lamprauges (G1), immunocompetent and infected with C. lamprauges (G2), immunosuppressed with CPA (G3), and an immunocompetent control group (G4). Clinical signs were observed only in G1 animals, where the mortality rate reached 75% by day 7 after infection (AI) with a median survival of 2 days. C. lamprauges was detected only in G1, both by PCR and by isolation. Necropsies of the G1 animals showed lesions in the nasal cavity and lung tissue. These lesions were characterized by polymorphonuclear infiltrate cells and by the presence of hyphal structures under silver staining. This animal model will be useful for further investigation of diseases caused by C. lamprauges, particularly of those associated with immunosuppression factors in naturally occurring animal infections.

Hemostatic assessment of dogs associated with hepatic parasite load of Leishmania infantum chagasi.

Leishmania infantum chagasi liver parasite load was compared to hemostatic abnormalities, as well as to clinical, laboratorial, and histopathological findings in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. The liver parasite load of 30 dogs L. infantum chagasi naturally-infected was evaluated by quantitative real- time PCR and the results were compared with serum biochemistry and primary and secondary hemostasis findings. Moreover, hepatic histological lesions were described in these dogs. Prolonged bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), were observed in the group with visceral leishmaniasis. Eleven dogs presented inflammatory liver lesions, with predominance of mild multifocal mononuclear periportal hepatitis. No association between the presence of parasites and abnormalities in screening tests was observed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The clinical progression in leishmaniasis is associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic diathesis, which depends not only on the presence of the parasite but also the inflammatory process, compromised immunological response, hepatic and renal failure in symptomatic dogs.

Hemostatic assessment of dogs associated with hepatic parasite load of Leishmania infantum chagasi / Avaliação hemostática de cães associada com a carga parasitária hepática de Leishmania infantum chagasi

Abstract Leishmania infantum chagasi liver parasite load was compared to hemostatic abnormalities, as well as to clinical, laboratorial, and histopathological findings in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. The liver parasite load of 30 dogs L. infantum chagasi naturally-infected was evaluated by quantitative real- time PCR and the results were compared with serum biochemistry and primary and secondary hemostasis findings. Moreover, hepatic histological lesions were described in these dogs. Prolonged bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), were observed in the group with visceral leishmaniasis. Eleven dogs presented inflammatory liver lesions, with predominance of mild multifocal mononuclear periportal hepatitis. No association between the presence of parasites and abnormalities in screening tests was observed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The clinical progression in leishmaniasis is associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic diathesis, which depends not only on the presence of the parasite but also the inflammatory process, compromised immunological response, hepatic and renal failure in symptomatic dogs.

Resumo A carga parasitária de Leishmania infantum chagasi do fígado foi comparada às anormalidades hemostáticas, bem como aos achados clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos em cães com leishmaniose visceral. A carga parasitária do fígado de 30 cães naturalmente infectados por L. infantum chagasi foi avaliada por PCR quantitativo em tempo real e os resultados foram comparados com bioquímica sérica e achados de hemostasia primária e secundária. Além disso, foram descritas as lesões hepáticas nestes cães. Prolongado tempo de sangramento, tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) foram observados no grupo com leishmaniose visceral. Onze cães apresentaram lesões inflamatórias no fígado, predominando hepatite periportal mononuclear multifocal. Não foi observada associação entre a presença de parasitos e as anormalidades nos testes laboratoriais por correlação de Spearman. A progressão clínica na leishmaniose está associada com a ocorrência de diátese hemorrágica, que depende não só da presença do parasito, mas também do processo inflamatório, do comprometimento da resposta imunológica e da falência renal e hepática em cães sintomáticos.

Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep whith non-toxic dosis of the plant and ruminal content / Indução e transferência de resistência à intoxicação por Amorimia pubiflora em ovinos com doses não tóxicas de planta e conteúdo ruminal

ABSTRACT: Amorimiapubiflora (Malpighiaceae), which contains sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) is the main cause of "sudden death" in cattle in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This research investigated the induction of resistance to the poisoning in sheep by the continuous administration of non-toxic doses of the plant and also the possibility to transfer this resistance to other sheep by the transfaunation of ruminal fluid. For this a group of four sheep (G1) received daily doses of 0.5g kg-1 for 20 days and after an interval of 15 days were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg-1 for 3 days. Also the transfer of resistance to A. pubiflora poisoning was evaluated by transfaunation of rumen fluid (100ml for 10 days) from G1 sheep to five sheep (G2), followed by challenge with the dose of 1g kg-1 for 3 days (G2D2) and after a three-day interval they received a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G2D3). The degree of resistance was evaluated by monitoring the onset of clinical signs, heart rate, and outcome of the poisoning compared with the control groups, which were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg1 (G3) and with a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G4). Clinical parameters evaluated in Groups G1 and G2 were significantly less pronounced than those observed in G3 and G4 (control) (P<0.05). Sheep in G4 (control) died after receiving a single dose of 3g kg-1, while those in G2 (transfaunated) survived. These findings demonstrated that consumption of non-toxic doses of A. pubiflora induced resistance in sheep and that this resistance can be transferred by transfaunation. New experiments are needed to determine the most efficient ways to induce resistance and to use this technique in the field to prevent the poisoning.

RESUMO: Amorimiapubiflora(Malpighiaceae) contém monofluoroacetato de sódio (MFA) e é uma das principais causas de "morte-súbita" em bovinos no estado de Mato Grosso, no Brasil. Este trabalho investiga a indução de resistência à intoxicação por A. pubiflora em ovinos, através da administração repetida de doses não tóxicas, e também se é possível transferir essa resistência para outros ovinos por transfaunação do fluido ruminal. Para a indução à resistência, um grupo com quatro ovinos (G1) recebeu doses diárias individuais de 0,5g kg-1 de folhas de A. pubiflora durante 20 dias. Após um intervalo de 15 dias, os ovinos desse grupo foram desafiados diariamente, durante 3 dias consecutivos, com a dose de 1g kg-1. A transferência de resistência à intoxicação por A. Pubiflora foi avaliada por transfaunação de conteúdo ruminal (100ml diariamente durante 10 dias) do G1, para cinco ovinos (G2). Após essa etapa, os cinco ovinos do Grupo G2 receberam a dose de 1g kg-1 por três dias (G2D2) e, após um intervalo de 3 dias, quatro ovinos do G2 receberam uma única dose de 3g kg-1 (G2D3). O grau de resistência foi conferido mediante o monitoramento do início dos sinais clínicos, frequência cardíaca, desfecho da intoxicação e comparação com grupos controle, os quais foram desafiados com três doses repetidas de 1g kg-1 (G3) e uma dose única de 3g kg-1 (G4). Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados nos Grupos G1 e G2 foram significativamente menos evidentes do que os observados nos G3 e G4 (controles) (P<0,05). Os ovinos do G4 (controle) morreram após receber a dose única de 3g kg-1, enquanto os do G2 (transfaunados) sobreviveram. Esses achados indicam que o consumo de doses não tóxicas de A. pubiflora induz resistência em ovinos e que a resistência pode ser transferida por transfaunação. Novos experimentos são necessários para determinar as formas mais práticas para induzir resistência e a forma de usar essa técnica no campo para controlar a intoxicação por essa planta.

Pythium insidiosum colitis in a dog: treatment and clinical outcome / Colite por Pythium insidiosum em um cão: tratamento e evolução clínica

ABSTRACT: The aim of this report is to describe the clinical, pathological and imaging findings and treatment of colitis caused by Pythium insidiosum in a canine presenting haematochezia and progressive weight loss. Through imaging, a thickening of the transverse and descending colon was observed. Histopathological analysis of the large intestine fragment revealed the presence of hyphae, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR as P. insidiosum. Antifungal treatment with itraconazole implemented after partial surgical resection, resulted in control of the disease.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste relato é descrever os achados clínico-patológicos, de imagem e o tratamento de colite por Pythium insidiosum em canino apresentando hematoquezia e emagrecimento progressivo. Nos exames de imagem, foram observados espessamento do cólon transverso e descendente. Análise histopatológica de fragmento do intestino grosso revelou a presença de hifas, confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica e PCR como P. insidiosum. Terapia antifúngica com itraconazol foi instituída pós-ressecção cirúrgica parcial, obtendo-se controle da doença.

Cholangiocarcinoma in an American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) / Colangiocarcinoma em uma ema

Cholangiocarcinomas are neoplasms that originate from the bile duct epithelium. The present case described a cholangiocarcinoma in an adult female American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) by means of gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Irregular, firm, multifocal, yellow-white masses, measuring from 0.4 to 6cm in diameter were observed in both liver lobes. At the cut surface, multiple firm nodules filled with connective tissue were present. Microscopically, the neoplasia was composed of small, irregular, gland-like structures of neoplastic cells surrounded by connective tissue. The cells resembled epithelial cells of the hepatic biliary ducts. Neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. This is the first report of a malignant fatal neoplasia in an American Rhea.

Colangiocarcinomas são neoplasias originárias do epitélio do ducto biliar. O presente caso descreve os achados macroscópicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um colangiocarcinoma em uma ema fêmea (Rhea americana araneipes). No fígado, massas irregulares, firmes, multifocais, de coloração amarelo-esbranquiçada, medindo de 0,4 a 6cm de diâmetro foram observadas em ambos os lobos. Ao corte, múltiplos nódulos firmes preenchidos por tecido conjuntivo foram observados. Microscopicamente, a neoplasia era composta de células pequenas, irregulares, semelhantes às células do epitélio biliar, que formavam estruturas glandulares. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro relato de uma neoplasia maligna fatal em uma ema.

Case-control study evaluating the sow's risk factors associated with stillbirth piglets in Midwestern in Brazil.

Reproductive failure in swine herds is often difficult to diagnose and is important to swine production. The present study aims to identify the potential risk factors (infectious/noninfectious) for stillborn piglets in two commercial swine farms situated in midwestern region of Brazil. The potential risk factors were included in a multivariable logistic model, and the dependent variable was defined as the presence of at least one stillborn piglet in a given litter (yes or no). In the best fit model, two variables from the multivariable analysis, total litter size (p = 0.01), and average birth weight (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the presence of stillborn piglets at the farms examined in this study. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was detected in 29.1 % of the litters. Neither parvovirus (PPV) nor leptospirosis infections were identified in this study, suggesting that they have a minor impact on reproductive disease.

Evaluation of hepatitis E virus infection between different production systems of pigs in Brazil.

The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs from large-scale and family-scale farms, (2) genetically characterize the strains isolated, and (3) study the pathogenesis of swine HEV infection via immunohistochemistry. A total of 50 pigs from 10 farms in Mato Grosso State, Brazil were divided according to type of production system into either large-scale farms (n = 5) or family-scale farms (n = 5). Samples of liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines, bile, and feces from the pigs were analyzed by nested PCR with primers targeting the ORF2 region of HEV and by immunohistochemistry. Of the eight HEV-positive samples from pigs of family-scale farms, phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven of the swine HEV isolates clustered with subtype 3b of genotype 3 and one isolate was categorized with subtype 3 f. The HEV antigen was detected mainly in the small intestine samples from family-scale farms, suggesting an early stage HEV infection. HEV was not detected in the samples of pigs from large-scale farms, reinforcing the need for additional studies to evaluate the risk of transmission of HEV to humans from pigs from family-scale farms in Mato Grosso State.

NATURAL INFECTION BY Trypanosoma cruzi IN ONE DOG IN CENTRAL WESTERN BRAZIL: A CASE REPORT / Infecção natural por Trypanosoma cruzi em um cão na região central do Brasil: relato de caso

SUMMARY It is estimated that about 10 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi worldwide, mostly in Latin America and more than 25 million are at risk of acquiring this infection in endemic areas. Dogs are an important reservoir for this pathogen and thus, considered a risk factor for human populations. This report describes one case of Chagas disease in a dog from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The diagnosis was obtained by direct examination of trypomastigote forms in blood smears. Amastigotes forms were visualized in microscopy of the bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidneys, liver and brain. The T. cruzi (ZIII) infection was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction, and sequencing. The animal presented multisystemic failure and died. Although acute Chagas disease in humans is not reported in Cuiabá, this is the first report of a canine case in this region. This case represents a warning, to health professionals and authorities, to the possibility of transmission of this zoonosis in Cuiabá. .

RESUMO Trypanosoma cruzi, infecta cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas, principalmente na América Latina e mais de 25 milhões apresentam-se em risco de adquirir a doença nas áreas endêmicas. Os cães são considerados importantes reservatórios representando fator de risco para a população humana. Este relato descreve caso de doença de Chagas em cão na cidade de Cuiabá. O diagnóstico foi feito a partir do exame direto, apresentando inúmeras formas tripomastigotas em esfregaço sanguíneo. Amastigotas foram visualizadas na microscopia de medula óssea, linfonodo, rins, fígado e cérebro. A infecção por T. cruzi (ZIII) foi confirmado através do sequenciamento de produtos amplificados pela PCR. O animal apresentou sinais multissistêmicos, evoluindo para óbito. Apesar da doença de Chagas aguda em humanos não ser descrita em Cuiabá, este é o primeiro relato de um caso canino nessa região, fato que, constitui alerta aos profissionais da saúde e autoridades sanitárias para a possibilidade da transmissão desta zoonose em Cuiabá. .

Associação da carga parasitária renal com achados laboratoriais em cães com leishmaniose visceral / Renal parasite load association with laboratory findings in dogs with visceral Leishmaniasis

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença grave e a morte ocorre por falência renal, considerando que os métodos diagnósticos convencionais não possibilitam a classificação clínica do animal. O objetivo deste estudo foi associar a carga parasitária renal aos achados clínicos e histopatológicos em cães com leishmaniose visceral. A análise microscópica revelou predomínio de nefrite intersticial mononuclear de graus variados em 59,3% dos cães avaliados. Entretanto, não houve diferença entre a carga parasitária renal de sintomáticos e oligossintomáticos (P= 0,35). As lesões renais foram de ordem inflamatória e a quantidade de parasitos não influenciaram na característica dessas lesões e nem nas alterações bioquímicas, mesmo em cães com diferentes classificações clínicas.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a severe disease and the death occurs from renal failure, whereas conventional diagnostic methods do not allow the animal clinical staging. The aim of this study was to associate the renal parasite load to clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with visceral Leishmaniasis. Microscopic analysis revealed a predominance of mononuclear interstitial nephritis of varying degrees in 59, 3% of dogs evaluated. However, no difference was found between the renal parasite load of symptomatics and oligosymptomatics (P= 0,35). Renal lesions were inflammatory order and amount of parasites not influenced the characteristics of theses lesions nor biochemical changes, even in dogs with different clinical classifications.

Spinal cord compression in cattle after the use of an oily vaccine / Compressão medular em bovinos após o uso de vacina oleosa

An outbreak of compressive myelopathy in cattle associated with the improper use of an oil vaccine is described. Neurological signs were observed in 25 out of 3,000 cattle after 60 days of being vaccinated against foot and mouth disease. The clinical picture was characterized by progressive paralysis of the hind limbs, difficulty in standing up, and sternal recumbency during the course of 2-5 months. A filling defect between the L1 and L3 vertebrae was seen through myelography performed in one of the affected animals. A yellow-gray, granular and irregular mass was observed in four necropsied animals involving the spinal nerve roots and epidural space of the lumbar (L1-L4) spinal cord; the mass was associated with a whitish oily fluid. This fluid was also found in association with necrosis of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Microscopic changes in the epidural space, nerve roots, and spinal musculature were similar and consisted of granulomas or pyogranulomas around circular unstained spaces (vacuoles). These spaces were located between areas of severe diffuse hyaline necrosis of muscle fibers and resembled the drops of oil present in the vaccine.

Relatamos um surto de mielopatia sas medulares e espaço epidural da região lombar (L1-L4); compressiva lombar em bovinos associada à aplicação de esse material era associado com líquido brancacento e vacina oleosa de forma inadequada. De um total de 3000 oleoso. Havia também áreas de necrose no músculo Lonbovinos, 25 apresentaram distúrbios neurológicos apro-gissimus dorsi com material similar ao do espaço epidural. ximadamente 60 dias após terem sido vacinados contra a Microscopicamente, as alterações observadas no espaço febre aftosa. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por parali-epidural, raízes nervosas medulares e na musculatura fosia progressiva de membros posteriores, dificuldade para ram similares sendo caracterizadas pela formação de múlpermanecer em estação e decúbito esternal com evolução tiplos granulomas ou piogranulomas envolvendo espaços de 2-5 meses. A mielografia realizada em um animal reve-(vacúolos) circulares não corados (aparentemente, o local lou defeito de enchimento na altura das vértebras L1 e L3. antes ocupado por gotículas de óleo presente na vacina), Quatro animais foram necropsiados e foi visualizado massa além de necrose hialina severa difusa de fibras musculares.

Achados clínico patológicos durante um surto de disenteria de inverno em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul / Clinic pathological features during a winter dysentery outbreak in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul

Descreve-se um surto de disenteria de inverno que afetou 10 vacas leiteiras de uma propriedade localizada em Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se por uma diarréia inicialmente líquida esverdeada com estrias de sangue e muco, evoluindo, em alguns animais, para uma diarréia de coloração marrom escura à sanguinolenta, que persistiu, em média, cinco dias. Drástica diminuição na produção de leite e no consumo de alimentos, além de graus variados de depressão também foram observados. Apenas um dos 10 animais afetados morreu. Durante a necropsia, observaram-se mucosas pálidas, conteúdo sanguinolento com presença de grande quantidade de coágulos, principalmente no cólon espiral e petéquias na mucosa do cólon. Os principais achados histológicos foram encontradas no cólon espiral, onde havia criptas dilatadas, sem epitélio de revestimento ou revestidas por epitélio pavimentoso e/ou cuboidal, por vezes com núcleos grandes e nucléolos proeminentes. Algumas criptas eram preenchidas por debris necróticos e polimorfonucleares. Na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal para coronavírus bovino (8F2) em cortes do cólon espiral, havia marcações positivas no citoplasma de enterócitos das criptas, nos debris necróticos destas e em macrófagos na lâmina própria.(AU)

The report describes a winter dysentery outbreak that affected 10 dairy cows from a ranch located in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. The most significant clinical sign was profuse and watery diarrhea, which ranged from a greenish to a brownish coloration and from occasional blood streaks with mucus to a bloody diarrhea. Most cases persisted for 5 days and also included depression, drastic decrease in milk production and in food consumption. Only one of the affected animals died. The necropsy revealed pale mucosa and sanguineous content with high quantity of blood clots, particularly within the spiral colon, and petechiae on the colonic mucosa. Histopathological lesions were predominant in the spiral colon, and consisted of a high number of dilated crypts without epithelium or with the replacement of a pavement epithelium with occasional immature cuboidal cells, which sometimes showed enlarged nucleus and proeminent nucleolus. Some crypts were filled with epithelial desquamation and polymorphnuclear cells. Bovine coronavirus (8F2) monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemistry on sections of the spiral colon that showed positive reactions in the cytoplasm of the infected crypt epithelium, sloughed necrotic cells, and within macrophages in the lamina propria of both.(AU)

Spontaneous poisoning by larvae of Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae) in sheep

From a flock of 175 Texel sheep 25 animals died after consumption of a sawfly larvae subsequently identified as Perreyia flavipes. The disease occurred in June-July 2006 on a farm located in the county of Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Although there were 11 cattle in the same paddock, none of them was affected. High numbers of compact masses containing up to 150 larvae were scattered in the paddock where the animals were grazing. Most affected sheep showed severe apathy during 24-36 h before death, but weakness, muscular tremors and depression were also observed. Necropsy was performed on six sheep and the main macroscopic lesions were hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissues, endocardium, gallbladder wall, and abomasal mucosa. In all animals was found hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, and mild jaundice. Edema in the abomasal folds, mesentery, perirenal tissues, and gallbladder wall were also seen. The livers were yellowish with disseminated pinpoint hemorrhages in the parenchyma and had an enhanced lobular pattern. Perreyia flavipes larval body fragments and heads were found in the forestomach contents of the six sheep. Feces were scant, dry and formed balls coated by mucus and streaks of blood. Similar contents were also present at the end of the cecum. Prominent microscopic lesions included severe and diffuse periacinar or massive necrosis of hepatocytes associated with multifocal random hemorrhages. Diffuse necrosis of lymphoid follicles in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, lymphoid depletion and necrosis in germinative centers of the spleen, and diffuse vacuolization in the renal tubular epithelia were also seen.

Vinte e cinco ovinos Texel de um rebanho de 175 morreram após ingerirem larvas posteriormente identificadas como Perreyia flavipes. A doença ocorreu em Junho e Julho de 2006, em uma propriedade localizada em Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. Embora houvesse também 11 bovinos no mesmo potreiro, nenhum foi afetado. Grandes quantidades de massas compactas, contendo cada uma mais de 150 larvas, estavam espalhadas na pastagem onde os animais pastoreavam. Os ovinos afetados apresentavam apatia severa por 24 a 36 horas antes da morte. Fraqueza, tremores musculares e depressão também foram vistos. Em necropsias realizadas em seis animais, as principais alterações macroscópicas foram hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo, endocárdio, parede da vesícula biliar e mucosa abomasal. Hidrotórax, hidropericárdio, ascite e icterícia estavam presentes em todos os animais. Edema nas pregas do abomaso, mesentério, tecidos peri-renais e parede da vesícula biliar também foram observados. Os fígados estavam amarelados, com petéquias disseminadas no parênquima e padrão lobular aumentado. Fragmentos de corpos e cabeças de larvas de Perreyia flavipes foram encontrados nos conteúdos ruminais dos seis animais. O conteúdo da porção final do cólon, ceco e reto estava seco, com muco aderido e estrias de sangue. Necrose de hepatócitos periacinar ou massiva associada com hemorragias multifocais aleatórias foi o principal achado histológico, mas também havia necrose difusa em folículos linfóides nas placas de Peyer e linfonodos, depleção linfóide e necrose em centros germinativos no baço e vacuolização no epitélio tubular renal.