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1.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(846): 1932-1937, 2023 Oct 18.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37850806

ABSTRACT

Nipple discharge is a frequent reason for women to consult their physician, led by the fear of cancer. Fortunately, almost 90 % of cases have a benign aetiology. The main challenge is to rule out any malignant pathology by collecting a detailed history and clinical exam in order to define a targeted imaging. The aim of this review is to facilitate the management of nipple discharge. The most common aetiologies of nipple discharge are described, along with a systematic clinical approach to exclude any underlying malignancy and minimize invasive examinations.


L'écoulement mamelonnaire est un motif fréquent de consultation, souvent par crainte d'un cancer. Heureusement, près de 90 % des écoulements mamelonnaires présentent une étiologie bénigne. L'enjeu principal est d'écarter toute pathologie maligne en procédant à une anamnèse et un examen cliniques détaillés afin de définir le type d'écoulement et prescrire des examens complémentaires ciblés. Cet article cherche à faciliter la prise en charge des écoulements mamelonnaires et décrit leurs étiologies les plus communes. Il propose une approche clinique systématique permettant d'exclure une cause maligne sous-jacente et de minimiser les examens invasifs.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Nipple Discharge , Physicians , Female , Humans , Nipples , Physical Examination , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
2.
BMJ Case Rep ; 16(10)2023 Oct 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37798043

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a woman in her late 20s who consulted our gynaecology emergency department due to dyspareunia and vaginal penetration issues. She had undergone a 'virginity reconstruction' procedure 10 days before her wedding in Africa. Clinical examination revealed suture of the inferior part of inner labia (labia minora), narrowing of the vaginal introitus and abnormal vaginal discharge. We performed an inferior defibulation procedure and removed the sutures under general anaesthesia. Postoperative care included systemic metronidazole, counselling, vaginal dilators and topical estrogens for 1 month. There were no complications during the postoperative follow-up, and a month later, the woman confirmed a satisfactory outcome. The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of so-called 'virginity reconstruction', currently classified among female cosmetic genital surgeries despite being very similar to what is defined as female genital mutilation, and the care that can be provided to women in such cases.


Subject(s)
Circumcision, Female , Dyspareunia , Female , Humans , Africa , Circumcision, Female/adverse effects , Dyspareunia/etiology , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Vagina/surgery , Adult
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(764-5): 83-87, 2022 Jan 19.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35048586

ABSTRACT

This article tries to facilitate the management of mastalgia. During their lifetime most women will experience breast pain. Many of them will visit a physician for this purpose, often led by the fear of cancer. However, in the absence of other clinical signs such as a lump or nipple discharge, the risk of malignancy remains low. In addition to the patient's medical history and physical examination, an imaging may be necessary. The absence of clinical or radiological abnormalities suffices to reassure patients in most cases. The management of mastalgia is based mainly on diet and life-style changes, the use of a well-suited bra and topical anti-inflammatory medication. In the case of mastalgia not responding to first line treatments, the patient should be referred to a breast-care unit.


Cet article cherche à faciliter la prise en charge des mastodynies. Au cours de leur vie, la majorité des femmes présenteront des mastodynies. Nombreuses sont celles qui consulteront leur médecin à cet égard, souvent par crainte d'un cancer. Cependant, en l'absence d'autres signes cliniques comme une masse ou un écoulement mamelonnaire, le risque de malignité reste faible. Outre l'anamnèse et l'examen clinique, une imagerie peut s'avérer nécessaire. L'absence d'anomalies cliniques ou radiologiques permet de rassurer les patientes dans la majorité des cas. Le traitement reposera essentiellement sur des mesures hygiéno-diététiques, le port d'un soutien-gorge adapté et l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires topiques. En cas de mastodynies invalidantes et réfractaires aux anti-inflammatoires, la patiente devra être adressée pour un suivi spécialisé.


Subject(s)
Breast Diseases , Mastodynia , Breast Diseases/diagnosis , Breast Diseases/therapy , Female , Humans , Life Style , Mastodynia/diagnosis , Mastodynia/etiology , Mastodynia/therapy , Physical Examination
4.
BMJ Case Rep ; 14(7)2021 Jul 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34257126

ABSTRACT

A 58-year-old asymptomatic woman was referred to our gynecologic oncology unit for the management of a left adnexal mass found during a routine gynecologic examination. Her personal history included an emergency splenectomy at the age of 4 years old, following traumatic splenic laceration after a car accident. The patient's work-up (including transvaginal ultrasound and MRI) confirmed a pelvic solid mass, which was reported as suspicious for malignancy and classified as Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting & Data System-MRI 5. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed, showing a reddish blue lesion located at the left broad ligament. Histologic analysis showed the presence of splenic tissue and normal adnexa. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful.Pelvic splenosis is a challenging diagnosis rarely made preoperatively due to concern for malignancy. In the presence of a pelvic mass, the collection of a detailed patient's history, including information about previous splenic rupture, might raise suspicion for pelvic splenosis.


Subject(s)
Adnexal Diseases , Splenosis , Adnexal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Adnexal Diseases/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pelvis/diagnostic imaging , Splenectomy , Splenosis/diagnostic imaging
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(623): 1861-1865, 2018 Oct 17.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30329233

ABSTRACT

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death. Primary causes are mostly of obstetrical origin. PPH can be worsened by secondary coagulopathy. This is due to dilution or consumption of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis activation. The use of tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, in the management of PPH has been proposed and practiced for several years, following evidence of its efficacy and safety in other settings, including traumatology. The benefit of administration of TXA during PPH has recently been proved by the WOMAN study. This review recalls the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the genesis and aggravation of PPH. It presents the current state of knowledge on the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of tranexamic acid in PPH and summarizes the current recommendations in obstetrics.


L'hémorragie du postpartum (HPP) représente la principale cause de mortalité maternelle. Les causes primaires sont d'origine obstétricale dans la majorité des cas. Cependant l'HPP peut être aggravée par une coagulopathie secondaire. Celle-ci est due à la dilution ou la consommation des facteurs de la coagulation ainsi qu'à l'activation de la fibrinolyse. L'utilisation d'acide tranexamique (ATX), un antifibrinolytique, dans la prise en charge de l'HPP est proposée et pratiquée depuis plusieurs années, suite aux preuves de son efficacité et de sa sécurité dans d'autres contextes, notamment en traumatologie. L'utilisation lors de l'HPP a récemment été évaluée notamment par l'étude WOMAN et le bénéfice de l'administration a été prouvé. Cet article rappelle les mécanismes physiopathologiques en jeu dans la genèse et l'aggravation de l'HPP. Il présente l'état des connaissances actuelles sur l'efficacité prophylactique et thérapeutique de l'ATX en cas d'HPP et fait la synthèse des recommandations actuelles en obstétrique.


Subject(s)
Antifibrinolytic Agents , Postpartum Hemorrhage , Tranexamic Acid , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Maternal Mortality , Postpartum Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Pregnancy , Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use
6.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(624): 1893-1897, 2018 Oct 24.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30375790

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a sexually transmitted pathogen with a poorly understood natural history. Often asymptomatic, it has been associated with urogenital conditions. The implementation of NAAT (Nucleic Acide Amplification Test) has not only improved the detection of MG, but also brought to light the emergence of antibiotic resistances, hence challenging the proposed treatment strategies and questioning the indication for systematic screening. This article summarizes current knowledge on MG among women, over viewing incidence, prevalence and clinical implications. It resumes the last guidelines in terms of screening and treatment.


Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) est un pathogène sexuellement transmissible souvent asymptomatique, dont la pathogénicité est méconnue. Source croissante d'intérêt car mieux détecté depuis l'implémentation des NAAT (Nucleic Acide Amplification Test), MG serait incriminé dans diverses pathologies uro-génitales. L'émergence des résistances aux antibiotiques est un enjeu de taille dans le traitement de l'infection et soulève le débat sur l'utilité d'un dépistage systématique. Cet article résume l'état des connaissances actuelles au sujet de MG chez la femme : son incidence, sa prévalence ainsi que ses implications cliniques. Il fait la synthèse des dernières recommandations en termes de dépistage et de traitement.


Subject(s)
Mycoplasma Infections , Mycoplasma genitalium , Female , Humans , Mass Screening , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma Infections/therapy , Prevalence
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