More than just a task: intimate care delivery in the nursing home.

Purpose: Intimate care procedures, such as bathing and toileting, are often regarded as simple, humble tasks. However, the provision of such care transforms a very private, personal activity into a social process. Understanding this complex process and the psychological impact it has on those providing and receiving care is critical in order to mitigate potential distress. The purpose of this study to examine the experience of delivering and receiving intimate personal care in the NH.Methods: A focused ethnographic approach with participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and drop-in sessions, document review, and field notes. Data were analysed using constant comparative analysis.Results: Quality care in this context is predicated on the care provider recognition of the emotional impact of care delivery on the care recipient. Our analysis identified that the overarching theme, of providing quality person-centred intimate care, requires creating and maintaining a relational space that promotes integrity.Conclusions: The provision of intimate personal care consists of a complex interplay at the level of resident/care provider interaction (micro level); health care organization (meso level); and policy (macro level). Each of these levels interacts with and influences the other two. The components identified in our model may provide the basis from which to further examine resident experiences of quality intimate personal care.

Caring about dying persons and their families: Interpretation, practice and emotional labour.

The importance of emotional support for dying persons and their families has been well established, yet we know less about how care workers understand emotional processes related to death and dying, or how these understandings are connected to care practices and emotional labour at the end of life. The aim of this study was to explore how healthcare workers interpret and respond to emotional needs of dying persons and their families. Qualitative data were collected between 2013 and 2014 through in-depth, in-person interviews with 14 nurses and 12 healthcare aides in one Western Canadian city. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive, interpretive thematic coding approach and the analytic lens of emotional labour. Dominant interpretive frames of a "good death" informed participants' emotionally supportive practice. This included guiding patients and families to "open up" about their emotions to activate the grief process. There was concern that incomplete grieving would result in anger being directed towards care staff. The goal of promoting emotional sharing informed the work of "caring about." Although palliative philosophies opened up moral and professional space for "caring about" in the context of organisational norms which often discouraged these practices, the tension between the two, and the lack of time for this work, may encourage surface expressions rather than authentic emotional care.

The Emotional Labor of Personal Grief in Palliative Care: Balancing Caring and Professional Identities.

The paid provision of care for dying persons and their families blends commodified emotion work and attachments to two often-conflicting role identities: the caring person and the professional. We explore how health care employees interpret personal grief related to patient death, drawing on interviews with 12 health care aides and 13 nurses. Data were analyzed collaboratively using an interpretively embedded thematic coding approach and constant comparison. Participant accounts of preventing, postponing, suppressing, and coping with grief revealed implicit meanings about the nature of grief and the appropriateness of grief display. Employees often struggled to find the time and space to deal with grief, and faced normative constraints on grief expression at work. Findings illustrate the complex ways health care employees negotiate and maintain both caring and professional identities in the context of cultural and material constraints. Implications of emotional labor for discourse and practice in health care settings are discussed.