[Oxylipins - biologically active substances of food].

Vitamin D with its steroid structure is currently considered as a hormone. New target cells of this hormone have been identified, including those in the organs of the reproductive system. The aim - to analyze modern sources of domestic and foreign scientific literature covering the role of vitamin D in the reproductive health of women of different ages. Results. The Russian Federation is endemic in terms of vitamin D deficiency. According to statistics, a lack of this vitamin is observed in 70-90% of the population of the USA and European countries, which brings this problem to the international level. It has been established that vitamin D affects not only bone-mineral homeostasis, but also many organs and tissues, including the reproductive system, namely the ovaries, uterus, placental tissue, pituitary gland and male reproductive organs. Studies have proven the positive effect of this hormone on the course of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, diabetes mellitus (including gestational). In addition, it has been shown that vitamin D is an important micronutrient during pregravid preparation, and the normalization of its level can improve the quality and increase the life expectancy of women after 50-60 years. Conclusion. Vitamin D plays an important role in many physiological processes, including the effects on the organs of the reproductive system. The significant influence of this vitamin can be traced from the beginning of intrauterine development to the end of life, which makes its further study an important area of modern medicine, including within the framework of obstetrics and gynecology.

Diagnostic significance of chronic endometritis macrotypes differentiation among women with reproductive losses.

To evaluate the prognostic value of a comprehensive endometrial study after early reproductive losses (RL). A group of 306 women with early RL (missed abortion (n = 120), spontaneous miscarriage (n = 120), and ineffective in vitro fertilization attempts (n =66) were prospectively examined up to 6 months after the discharge of the uterus at the hospital bases of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the Сourse of perinatology at the PFUR Medical Faculty. Hysteroscopic macrotypes differentiation - hyperplastic (n = 89), hypoplastic (n = 94) and mixed (n = 87) - was carried out on the basis of features grouping characterizing the thickness, color and structure of the mucosa, the intensity of a vascular pattern in the presence of a chronic endometritis (CE). Evaluation of sonographic accuracy after hysteroscopic CE macrotypes differentiation showed the presence of false-negative conclusions: about unchanged mucosa (6.9%); endometrium polyps (3.5%); intrauterine synechiae (4.2%). Immunohistochemical staining with CD138 isolation showed higher diagnostic accuracy in CE detecting in comparison with the morphological method: in a hyperplastic macrotype (90.5% and 84.1%, respectively), hypo- (93.7% and 89.8%) and mixed (81.6% and 79.4%). Great diagnostic value is shown in identifying histopathic CE features in the context of hysteroscopic macrotypes differentiation in groups of women with RL.