Frequency and levels of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in silage in Poland.

In this study, 120 silage samples collected in 2015 from farms in Poland were analysed by a multimycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The study included toxins which are regulated within the European Union (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2/HT-2 toxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) and non-regulated mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin, 8-ketotrichothecenes, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone derivatives). All silage samples were positive for at least one mycotoxin, and 61% of samples contained five or more mycotoxins simultaneously. The most frequently detected toxins were deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, enniatins and beauvericin, although the levels of these toxins were relatively low. The mean concentration of deoxynivalenol and zearalenon was 406 and 80.6 µg/kg, respectively, and two toxins were positive-correlated. This is the first study that provides information about emerging mycotoxins contaminating silage in Poland.

Residues of veterinary medicinal products and coccidiostats in eggs--causes, control and results of surveillance program in Poland.

The use of veterinary medicinal products in food producing animals for a variety of purposes causes that their residues may be presented in edible tissues. As a result, in concern of public health, European Union Countries establish each year monitoring plans and they control the levels of harmful substances in food of animal origin. This paper presents survey of residues of veterinary medicinal products and coccidiostats in eggs for Poland and European Union in years 2007-2010. Despite the decrease in reported non-compliant results for coccidiostats, the numbers were still higher than those for veterinary medicines. The most often determined coccidiostats were: nicarbazin, dinitrocarbanilide, salinomycin and lasalocid, and the most often reported non-compliant results for veterinary medicines were: antimicrobials, enrofloxacin and doxycycline.

[Tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA Ag) and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the course of hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure]. / Tkankowy aktywator plazminogenu t-PA Ag i inhibitor aktywatora plazminogenu PAI-1 w czasie hemodializy u chorych na przewlekla niewydolnosc nerek.

In 10 patients with chronic renal insufficiency we are tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA Ag), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) designed. This parameters are just before hemodialysis, in 60 minutes and 240 minutes after beginning of dialysis studied. In 60 minutes after the beginning of hemodialysis significant increased tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen, decreased tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and prolonged euglobulin lysis time. The observed increase in plasma t-PA antigen levels during hemodialysis is due to effects of extracorporal circulation on the fibrinolytic system. T-PA release and consequent consumption of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor due to enhanced fibrinolytic activity during hemodialysis.

[Plasma serine protease inhibitors in patients with liver cirrhosis]. / Osoczowe inhibitory proteaz serynowych u chorych na marskosc watroby.

In 28 patients with liver cirrhosis as compared with the control group decreased concentrations of alpha 2-antiplasmin, antithrombin III and activator plasminogen inhibitor were observed. Decrease of these inhibitors was lower in advanced stages of cirrhosis accompanied by hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia.

Seasonal variations in the activities of peroxide metabolism enzymes in erythrocytes of freshwater fish species.

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities were estimated in erythrocytes of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp. The enzymes showed higher activities in spring (1982) than in autumn (1981). In both seasons the highest levels of these antioxidative defense enzymes were found in erythrocytes of the crucian carp.