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1.
J Neurosurg ; : 1-7, 2024 Aug 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126724

ABSTRACT

In 1783, Alexander Monro secundus maintained that because the brain is enclosed in a case of bone and its substance is nearly incompressible, the quantity of blood within the head must be the same, or very nearly the same, at all times. Years later, this hypothesis was experimentally supported by George Kellie, and became known as the Monro-Kellie doctrine. However, this doctrine encountered resistance. Its reviewers have agreed to point out the historically understandable error of not having considered the CSF as a normal intracranial volume. Yet, almost nothing has been published about some of the physiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic ideas prevailing at that time that may have influenced Monro's hypothesis. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, it is not clear why Monro, who knew the ventricular system in detail, did not include it as a potential compensatory compartment for changes in the intracranial blood volume.

2.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 37(1): 36-42, mar. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1570843

ABSTRACT

La punción ventricular transorbitaria (PTO) es una técnica rápida y sencilla aunque poco utilizada en la actualidad. Como puede realizarse en la cama del paciente, resulta ideal en aquellos con hidrocefalia aguda rápidamente evolutiva o con enclavamiento transtentorial inminente o reciente, en quienes el acceso expeditivo a las cavidades ventriculares puede salvarles la vida. Revisamos aquí el desarrollo histórico de la técnica desde su descripción original en 1933. Por último, presentamos el caso de una paciente con hidrocefalia aguda secundaria a edema cerebeloso, en quien el empleo de la PTO dio tiempo para implementar el tratamiento definitivo. La técnica utilizada por nosotros consistió en un ingreso transpalpebral, por detrás del reborde orbitario superior y a nivel mediopupilar, con una trayectoria dirigida hacia la sutura sagital, dos a tres traveses de dedo por detrás de la sutura coronal(AU)


Transorbital ventricular puncture (TOP) is a fast and simple but poorly understood technique. As it can be performed at the patient's bedside, it is ideal in patients with rapidly evolving acute hydrocephalus or with imminent or recent transtentorial herniation, in whom expeditious access to the ventricular cavities can be life-saving. We review the historical development of the technique since its original description in 1933. Finally we present the case of a patient with acute hydrocephalus secondary to cerebellar edema, in whom the use of TOP allowed time to implement definitive treatments. The technique used by us consisted of an entry point through the upper eyelid, behind the superior orbital rim, and at the midpupillary line, with a trajectory aimed towards the sagittal suture two to three finger widths behind the coronal suture(AU)


Subject(s)
Ventriculostomy , General Surgery , Punctures , Encephalocele , Hydrocephalus
7.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 200-205, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222514

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar la magnitud de la atrofia muscular postoperatoria que producen tres abordajes en fusiones lumbares segmentarias para patología degenerativa (línea media vs. Wiltse vs. MIS TLIF). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, multicéntrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo, de una serie de pacientes operados por patología degenerativa lumbar. Analizamos 45 pacientes (24 mujeres), con una edad media de 58.7 años, operados en 5 centros quirúrgicos entre 2015 y 2018. Se realizó una fusión instrumentada de un nivel, desde L3 hasta S1 (7 casos L3-L4, 25 casos L4-L5 y 13 casos L5-S1). Quince casos fueron realizados por abordajes por línea media, 15 por abordaje de Wiltse y 15 MIS TLIF. Todos fueron estudiados con Resonancia Magnética preoperatoria y con un mínimo de 6 meses luego de la cirugía (media de 14.6 meses). Estas fueron analizadas por 3 observadores especialistas en cirugía de columna. Se tomaron 2 variables para comparar el grado de atrofia entre pre y postoperatorio: área de sección transversal (AST) de músculo multifidus (MM) y erectores espinales (EE) y grado de infiltración grasa (IG) mediante la clasificación visual de Kjaer. Los análisis realizados fueron ejecutados utilizando el programa estadístico RStudio (versión 1.1.383) y se compararon valores de p obtenidos mediante la suma de rangos de Wilcoxon. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos abordajes en relación a la atrofia del MM. La comparación de p para AST de los EE mostró diferencias entre MIS TLIF vs línea media (p 0.018) y de línea media vs Wiltse (p 0.027). Conclusión: Los abordajes mínimamente invasivos utilizados para descompresión y artrodesis monosegmentaria lumbar, tuvieron más impacto sobre la atrofia muscular en los EE que en MM. Estudios randomizados y controlados serían de utilidad para validar los resultados de este trabajo.


Aim: To compare the level of post-operative muscle atrophy associated with three different approaches to achieve segmental lumbar fusion in patients with degenerative back disease: (1) the standard midline approach; (2) Wiltse's minimally-invasive surgery (MIS-W) approach; and (3) minimal-invasive surgery (MIS) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). Methods and Materials: A multi-center, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed on a series of patients who had undergone surgery for degenerative lumbar disease. All patients were studied preoperatively and for at least six months post-operatively (mean follow-up: 14.6 months) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all images analyzed by three spine-imaging specialists. Three variables were used to compare the level of atrophy before and after surgery: (1) the cross sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus muscle (MM); (2) the CSA of the spinal erector muscles (SEM); and (3) fat infiltration level, as rated per the Kjaer visual classification system. Inter-group differences in these three outcomes were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results: Forty-five patients (24 females), of mean age 58.7 years, underwent surgery at five participating surgical centers between 2015 and 2018. One-level instrumented fusion, from L3 to S1, was performed: at the L3-L4 level in seven patients, L4-L5 in 25, and L5-S1 in 13. Surgical access was split evenly between the three approaches, each performed in 15 patients. No significant differences were detected between the approaches, in terms of MM atrophy or fat infiltration level. Less CSA-SEM atrophy was detected with the MIS-TLIF than midline (p = 0.018), and with the MIS-W than midline (p = 0.027) approach. Conclusions: Relative to the standard midline approach, two minimally-invasive surgery approaches used for decompression and lumbar mono-segmental arthrodesis reduced atrophy in the spinal erector muscles, but not the multifidus muscle. Randomized controlled trials might be useful to validate the results of this investigation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Muscular Atrophy , Atrophy , Spine , Paraspinal Muscles , Muscles
8.
Surg Neurol Int ; 9(Suppl 4): S91-S96, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30595965

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of post-op muscle atrophy related to the different approaches used in segmental lumbar fusion for degenerative disease (midline vs. Wiltse vs. MIS TLIF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross sectional, multicenter, descriptive and retrospective study was performed including a series of patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative disease. We analyzed 45 patients (24 females), with a mean age of 58.7 years, undergoing surgery in 5 surgical centers between 2015 and 2018. A one-level instrumented fusion, from L3 to S1 was performed (7 cases L3-L4, 25 cases L4-L5 and 13 cases L5-S1). In 15 cases, a midline approach was used; in 15, a Wiltse approach was used, and in 15 cases, an MIS TLIF approach was used. All the patients were studied preoperatively and for at least 6 months after surgery (mean follow-up 14.6 months) with magnetic resonance imaging. The images were analyzed by three specialists in spine surgery. Two variables were considered to compare the level of atrophy before and after surgery: cross-sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus muscle (MM) and spinal erector muscles (SEM) and the fat infiltration level (FI) using the Kjaer visual classification. The analyses were conducted using the RStudio (1.1.383 version) statistical software, and the P values obtained were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the approaches in terms of MM atrophy. The comparison of P for CSA and the SEM evidenced differences between MIS TLIF versus midline (P = 0.018) and midline versus Wiltse (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive approaches used for decompression and lumbar monosegmental arthrodesis had more impact on the EMs than on the MM. Randomized controlled trials might be useful to validate the results of this investigation.

9.
J Neurosci Rural Pract ; 6(3): 298-9, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26167007
10.
Med Hypotheses ; 85(1): 41-4, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25840847

ABSTRACT

Human brain undergoes two different kinds of movements: subtle pulsatile ones associated with the cardiac cycle and others of a greater magnitude related to breathing activity. These motions constitute a pumping force for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, brain motion (BM) plays a fundamental role as a driving force for the interstitial and CSF flow of tracers. We hypothesize that BM is more than a mere consequence of cardiac and respiratory activities; that it would be part of a fundamental physiological mechanism by propelling the interstitial flow of messengers, a mechanism also known as 'non-synaptic transmission' or 'volume transmission' (VT). Intracranial hypertension (ICH), a frequent complication of severe head trauma, is related to brain stiffness. Under this circumstance, not only brain perfusion could be at risk, but BM could be engaged as well. Decompressive craniectomy, presently indicated to reduce ICH refractory to medical treatment, could play a role in helping BM and VT. Once brain swelling is overcome, the closure of the cranial bone defect would ensure the recovery of the spatial and temporal patterns of BM. We discuss evidence supportive of the necessary role of a minimal and sequential BM for an adequate VT.


Subject(s)
Brain/physiology , Humans
12.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 155(11): 2149-57, 2013 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24009045

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since ancient times, brain motion has captured the attention of human beings. However, there are no reports about morphological changes that occur below the cortex or skin flap when a patient, with an open skull breathes, coughs, or engages effort. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize brain motion caused by breathing movements in adults with an open skull. METHODS: Twenty-five craniectomized patients were studied using B-mode ultrasonography during early and late postoperative periods. Twelve patients were analysed during surgery. Brain movements induced by breathing activity were assessed in this prospective observational study. RESULTS: Taking as a reference the cranial base, an increase in intrathoracic pressure was accompanied by a rise of the brain due to the expansion of the basal cisterns. Greater increases in intrathoracic pressure (resulting from the Valsalva manoeuvre and coughing) propelled the brain in a block from the foramen magnum towards the craniectomy, mainly in structures near the tentorial incisure. Prolonging the Valsalva manoeuvre also resulted in thickening of the cortical mantle attributable to vascular congestion. The magnitude of these movements was directly related to breathing effort. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in intrathoracic pressure was immediately transmitted to the brain by the rise of cerebrospinal fluid, while brain swelling attributable to vascular congestion showed a brief delay. The Valsalva manoeuvre and coughing caused abrupt morphological changes in the tentorial hiatus neighbouring structures because of the distension of the basal cisterns. These movements could play a role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome of trephined.


Subject(s)
Echoencephalography , Movement/physiology , Respiration , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Skull/physiopathology , Valsalva Maneuver/physiology , Young Adult
13.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 25(4): 155-162, oct.- dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638327

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar los movimientos del parénquima encefálico durante la maniobra de Valsalva y la tos en pacientes craniectomizados y discutir sus implicancias fisiopatológicas y terapéuticas. Material y método. Catorce pacientes adultos con craniectomías mayores de 30 cm2 y colgajos pulsátiles fueron estudiados ecográficamente. La atención se focalizó en los cambios morfológicos intracraneanos inducidos por la maniobra de Valsalva y la tos.Resultados: durante la maniobra de Valsalva y la tos el cerebro fue propulsado en bloque hacia la craniectomía. Movimientos notorios se observaron a nivel centroencefálico y este fenómeno se atribuyó fundamentalmente al ascenso de LCR desde la columna y la distensión de las cisternas de la base. La magnitud de los cambios morfológicos fue proporcional al esfuerzo respiratorio y la presión intracraneana. Conclusiones: la maniobra de Valsalva y la tos provocaron cambios morfológicos bruscos e importantes a nivel centroencefálico, A la luz de teorías recientes se discuten las eventuales consecuencias de esta movilidad patológica sobre las estructuras témporomesiales y las funciones cognitivas. Estas observaciones constituyen un firme argumento en favor de la craneoplastia precoz.


Subject(s)
Decompressive Craniectomy , Valsalva Maneuver
14.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(1): 5-17, ene.-mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125317

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer del modo más preciso posible los neurocirujanos en actividad en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.Metodología. Entre junio de 2008 y diciembre de 2009 se recolectó información de los padrones del Colegio Argentino de Neurocirujanos (CANC), de la Asociación Argentina de Neurocirugía (AANC) y de la Sociedad de Neurocirugía de la Provincia de BuenosAires (SNCPBA); de listados de asistentes a Congresos de la AANC y de la SNCPBA; del Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia, Hospitales Provinciales, Regiones Sanitarias, cartillas de profesionales de IOMA y OSDE, colegas y Colegios Médicos. Resultados. El relevamiento mostró que a nivel provincial trabajan 284 neurocirujanos formados. A nivel estatal trabajan 203 de ellos, mientras que los 81 restantes trabajan exclusivamente a nivel privado. Se están formando 62 neurocirujanos -52 residentes, 8 concurrentes, y 2 becarios-, 61 de ellos a nivel estatal. En total, formados y en formación, suman 346 profesionales, de los cuales sólo 45 son miembros del CANC y 84 de la AANC. Podemos estimar que a nivel provincial existe 1 neurocirujano cada 45.000 habitantes. Conclusión. Practican la especialidad en la provincia 284 profesionales formados, a los que en el corto y mediano plazo se agregarán 62, que al momento actual se están formando.(AU)


Subject(s)
Neurosurgery , Censuses , Statistics
15.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(1): 5-17, ene.-mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583133

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer del modo más preciso posible los neurocirujanos en actividad en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.Metodología. Entre junio de 2008 y diciembre de 2009 se recolectó información de los padrones del Colegio Argentino de Neurocirujanos (CANC), de la Asociación Argentina de Neurocirugía (AANC) y de la Sociedad de Neurocirugía de la Provincia de BuenosAires (SNCPBA); de listados de asistentes a Congresos de la AANC y de la SNCPBA; del Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia, Hospitales Provinciales, Regiones Sanitarias, cartillas de profesionales de IOMA y OSDE, colegas y Colegios Médicos. Resultados. El relevamiento mostró que a nivel provincial trabajan 284 neurocirujanos formados. A nivel estatal trabajan 203 de ellos, mientras que los 81 restantes trabajan exclusivamente a nivel privado. Se están formando 62 neurocirujanos -52 residentes, 8 concurrentes, y 2 becarios-, 61 de ellos a nivel estatal. En total, formados y en formación, suman 346 profesionales, de los cuales sólo 45 son miembros del CANC y 84 de la AANC. Podemos estimar que a nivel provincial existe 1 neurocirujano cada 45.000 habitantes. Conclusión. Practican la especialidad en la provincia 284 profesionales formados, a los que en el corto y mediano plazo se agregarán 62, que al momento actual se están formando.


Subject(s)
Censuses , Statistics , Neurosurgery
16.
107 Emergencia ; 3(11): 13-18, jul. 2005.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-121278

ABSTRACT

Estudio para determinar que patologías además del trauma pueden beneficiarse con la ecografía de urgencia, teniendo en cuenta la tecnología de que disponen los hospitales públicos, y las patologías prevalentes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Ultrasonography/methods , Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data , Medical Care Statistics , Emergency Medicine
17.
107 Emergencia ; 3(11): 13-18, jul. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-456366

ABSTRACT

Estudio para determinar que patologías además del trauma pueden beneficiarse con la ecografía de urgencia, teniendo en cuenta la tecnología de que disponen los hospitales públicos, y las patologías prevalentes.


Subject(s)
Medical Care Statistics , Ultrasonography , Emergency Medicine
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