ABSTRACT
The daily use of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) reduces significantly cardiovascular events (CVE). In the absence of contraindications, American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the use of aspirin to all DM2 patients older than 40 years of age. To evaluate aspirin use among 636 out patients with DM2 who participate in a regional multicenter study in Southern Brazil, a standard questionnaire was used. Patients also underwent a physical examination and laboratorial tests. All patients were older than 40 years (mean 58 ± 11 years old; 42 percent male) and by ADA guidelines most of them should be using aspirin. However, only 177 (27.5 percent) were on this medication. The use of aspirin was higher when any CVE were present. However, the percentage of users was still below the expected, not even reaching 50 percent. In conclusion, even though the use of aspirin is greater in patients with CVE, and its benefits are well documented, it is still underutilized. Strategies to enhance the use of aspirin should be developed to reduce the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in patients with DM2.
O uso diário de aspirina em pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2) reduz significantemente os eventos cardiovasculares (ECV). Na ausência de contraindicações, a ADA (American Diabetes Association) recomenda o uso de aspirina para todos os pacientes com DM2 maiores de 40 anos de idade. Para avaliar o uso de aspirina em 636 pacientes ambulatoriais com DM2 que participaram de um estudo multicêntrico na região Sul do Brasil, utilizamos um questionário padrão. Os pacientes foram também examinados e submetidos a testes laboratoriais. Todos eram maiores de 40 anos (média 58 ± 11 anos; 42 por cento homens) e a maioria deles deveria estar usando aspirina, de acordo com as orientações da ADA. Entretanto, somente 177 (27,5 por cento) estavam com esta medicação. O uso de aspirina era maior em presença de qualquer ECV. Contudo, a porcentagem dos que a usavam estava ainda abaixo do esperado, não atingindo 50 por cento. Em conclusão, mesmo sendo o uso da aspirina maior em pacientes com ECV, e seus benefícios bem documentados, ela ainda é subutilizada. Assim, estratégias para aumentar o uso de aspirina devem ser desenvolvidas para reduzir a morbi-mortalidade decorrente da doença cardiovascular em pacientes com DM2.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , /drug therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Societies, Medical , Analysis of Variance , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Aspirin , Brazil , /diagnosis , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
The daily use of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) reduces significantly cardiovascular events (CVE). In the absence of contraindications, American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the use of aspirin to all DM2 patients older than 40 years of age. To evaluate aspirin use among 636 out patients with DM2 who participate in a regional multicenter study in Southern Brazil, a standard questionnaire was used. Patients also underwent a physical examination and laboratorial tests. All patients were older than 40 years (mean 58 +/- 11 years old; 42% male) and by ADA guidelines most of them should be using aspirin. However, only 177 (27.5%) were on this medication. The use of aspirin was higher when any CVE were present. However, the percentage of users was still below the expected, not even reaching 50%. In conclusion, even though the use of aspirin is greater in patients with CVE, and its benefits are well documented, it is still underutilized. Strategies to enhance the use of aspirin should be developed to reduce the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in patients with DM2.
Subject(s)
Aspirin/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Contraindications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Societies, Medical , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
The role of adenine nucleotides on vascular and platelet functions has long been established. Apyrase (CD39) takes part of a family of ecto-enzymes that hydrolyze adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate. The participation of apyrase in the thromboregulatory system is under study. An in vivo experimental model of acute arterial thrombosis was used to test the hypothesis that administering a soluble form of potato apyrase could prevent thrombus formation. Twenty-five white New Zealand male rabbits suffered balloon aortic endothelium denudation and, after 15 days, they were submitted to a thrombosis-triggering protocol with a procoagulant (Russel's viper venom) and epinephrine. After the thrombosis-triggering protocol, 12 animals received two soluble apyrase administrations intravenously (with 90 min intervals), while 13 control animals received no apyrase. Three hours after the triggering protocol, the animals were killed and the rate and area of arterial thrombosis were analyzed. The rate of thrombosis in the apyrase group was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.7 versus 69%, respectively; P = 0.015), as was the area of thrombosis (1.7 +/- 4.3 versus 21.7 +/- 37.4 mm2, respectively; P = 0.008). Our results confirm that apyrase participates in homeostasis through a potent anti-thrombotic effect.