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1.
Int J Public Health ; 66: 642869, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34744591

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To investigate the perspectives and attitudes of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Slovakia. Methods: A cross-sectional, computer-assisted web survey on health status, emotional support, stigmatisation, communication with physician, treatment, perception, decision-making, concerns, and treatment history. A representative sample of >10% of all PLHIV (N = 895) in Slovakia was invited to participate. Results: Mean age of the 117 respondents was 35.4 (±8.9) years, 52.8% had higher education, and 67.0% were in full-time employment. Most (89.4%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 81.8% had undetectable viral load. Most (85.1%) were satisfied with their ART, and side effects were the primary reason for switching therapies. Most (60.8%) had informed only close friends or relatives about their HIV status, only 3 (2.9%) spoke openly about it, and 60.0% hid their ART from others. Of the 31 respondents (31.6%) who experienced stigmatisation, it was primarily from dentists and other physicians who refused to treat them. Conclusion: In general, PLHIV in Slovakia receive ART and are satisfied with it. They do not speak openly about their HIV status, and some have experienced discrimination.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , HIV Infections , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/psychology , Humans , Slovakia/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek ; 25(3): 89-91, 2019 Sep.
Article in Slovak | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31904103

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe neurological infection caused by the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. It often occurs as an opportunistic infection; rarely, it may be seen in healthy people as well. The most common source of the infection is inhalation of infected bird droppings. The cryptococci may persist in the lungs and nearby lymph nodes for a long time. There are no or mild clinical manifestations of the pulmonary infection. The disease often manifests only after the cryptococci penetrate into the CNS. The case report documents the development of cryptococcal meningitis in an immunocompetent patient. It was diagnosed by microscopic detection of the yeast in the cerebrospinal fluid. The finding was confirmed by detecting cryptococcal DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid and culture. Despite immediate initiation of antifungal therapy and intensive care, the patient died.


Subject(s)
Cryptococcus neoformans , Meningitis, Cryptococcal , DNA, Fungal/cerebrospinal fluid , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Immunocompetence , Lymph Nodes , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/diagnosis
3.
Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 2018: 6095097, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30402450

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis C is a systemic disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) belongs to more common extrahepatic. The aim of this study was to (i) explore the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM in patients with chronic hepatitis C, (ii) explore the effect of direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment on the glycemia, and (iii) explore the factors that modulate the effect of DAA treatment on glycemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: We performed a longitudinal retrospective observational study focused on the patients undergoing DAA treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Data about glycemia, history of diabetes, hepatitis C virus, treatment, and liver status, including elastography, were obtained at baseline (before treatment start), at the end of treatment and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Patients were treated with various regimens of direct acting antivirals. Results: We included 370 patients; 45.9% had F4 fibrosis. At baseline, the prevalence of T2DM increased with the degree of fibrosis (F0-F2 14.4%, F3 21.3%, and F4 31.8%, p=0.004). Fasting glycemia also increased with the degree of fibrosis (F0-F2 5.75±0.18 F3 5.84±0.17, and F4 6.69±0.2 mmol/L, p=0.001). We saw significant decrease of glycemia after treatment in all patients, but patients without T2DM or IFG from 6.21±0.12 to 6.08±0.15 mmol/L (p=0.002). The decrease was also visible in treatment experienced patients and patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis. Conclusion: We confirmed that the prevalence of either T2DM or IFG increases in chronic hepatitis C patients with the degree of fibrosis. The predictive factors for T2DM were, besides F4, fibrosis also higher age and BMI. Significant decrease of fasting glycemia after the DAA treatment was observed in the whole cohort and in subgroups of patients with T2DM, IFG, cirrhotic, and treatment experienced patients.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood , Age Factors , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Fasting/blood , Female , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Glucose Intolerance/etiology , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Humans , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
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