ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The detection of cutaneous metastases (CMs) from various primary tumours represents a diagnostic challenge. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the general characteristics and dermatoscopic features of CMs from different primary tumours. METHODS: Retrospective, multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study of biopsy-proven CMs. RESULTS: We included 583 patients (247 females, median age: 64 years, 25%-75% percentiles: 54-74 years) with 632 CMs, of which 52.2% (n = 330) were local, and 26.7% (n = 169) were distant. The most common primary tumours were melanomas (n = 474) and breast cancer (n = 59). Most non-melanoma CMs were non-pigmented (n = 151, 95.6%). Of 169 distant metastases, 54 (32.0%) appeared on the head and neck region. On dermatoscopy, pigmented melanoma metastases were frequently structureless blue (63.6%, n = 201), while amelanotic metastases were typified by linear serpentine vessels and a white structureless pattern. No significant difference was found between amelanotic melanoma metastases and CMs of other primary tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The head and neck area is a common site for distant CMs. Our study confirms that most pigmented melanoma metastasis are structureless blue on dermatoscopy and may mimic blue nevi. Amelanotic metastases are typified by linear serpentine vessels and a white structureless pattern, regardless of the primary tumour.
Subject(s)
Dermoscopy , Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Middle Aged , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Aged , Melanoma/pathology , Melanoma/secondary , Melanoma/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/secondaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) is a skin disease of unknown etiology. Uncertainty about the etiopathogenesis of this skin disease is the reason for the unpredictable and non optimal efficacy of therapies available for its treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of bromelain, a crude aqueous extract of the stems and immature fruit of pineapple, in the treatment of PLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients (3 males and 5 females) with PLC were enrolled in the study and treated for three months with oral bromelain (40 mg 3 times a day for 1 month, 40 mg twice a day for 1 month and 40 mg/day for 1 month). RESULTS: All patients showed complete clinical recovery after treatment. In 12 months of follow up, two patients experienced relapse 5-6 months after suspension of therapy but responded to another brief cycle of therapy. No side effects were encountered during therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion bromelain can be considered an effective therapeutic option for PLC; its efficacy could be related to its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and/or anti-viral properties.