Abdominal obesity and digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria for abdominal obesity are usually waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. The magnitude of the risks for cancers of the digestive system and abdominal obesity is unknown. To assess whether abdominal obesity increases the risk of digestive cancer, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies in a database. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to December 2022. The 9-star Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess  study quality. Pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed or random effect models respectively. The stability of the results was explored by one-by-one exclusion. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's and Egger's tests. RESULTS: A total of 43 cohort studies were included. There were 42 and 31 studies in the meta-analysis of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio on digestive system cancer, respectively. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the greater waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were correlated with increased incidence of digestive system cancers: waist circumference: RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.38-1.59, p < 0.001; waist-to-hip ratio: RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.28-1.38, p = 0.001. Subgroup analysis by cancer type showed that higher WC and WHR would increase the prevalence of LC, PC, GC, EC, and CRC. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by a one-by-one elimination method, and the results of the meta-analysis remained stable. It is proved that the results were robust by the trim-and-fill method. CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence to suggest that abdominal obesity increased the incidence of digestive cancer, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce abdominal obesity. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio may be better predictors of digestive system cancers. However, the association between waist circumference and digestive system cancer was greater, so more attention should be paid to measuring abdominal obesity with waist circumference.

Knowledge and coping style about depression in medical students: A cross-sectional study in China.

OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed at ascertaining the depression levels of medical students and their knowledge levels of depression, and exploring the relationship between the level of knowledge and coping styles of the medical students on depression. METHODS: An online-based survey was developed in Changzhi Medical College. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic data, questions about depression knowledge and copying styles of depression, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 1931 questionnaires were returned by respondents. RESULTS: The medical students produced a mean SDS score of 44.29 (SD = 11.67). The prevalence of depression was 29.7%. Sophomore, female, and poor family relationships were parameters associated with a higher SDS score. The total correct rate for knowledge of depression was 64.14%. There were statistical differences between with depression students and non-depression students on the rate of the correct answers in the following questions:"Female has more probability", "Depression can be adjusted by oneself", "Associated with one's character", "Know cure method of depression", "Know drug use of depression", "Know depression influence for health", and "Know prevention method of depression". Depression students were more likely to have a lower rate of correct answer for above questions. Asking for help from psychological consultation was the primary coping mechanism among the medical students. The logistic regression analysis results found that depressed students who chose the coping way of no ways of coping were more likely to be females OR = 1.470 (1.078, 2.005), residents in rural area OR = 1.496 (1.038, 2.156), in poor family relationships OR = 2.428 (1.790, 3.293), and have lower cognitive level of depression knowledge OR = 1.920 (1.426, 3.226). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to focus on mental health of medical students, especially in female, residents in rural area, in poor family relationships, and having lower cognitive level of depression knowledge. Medical students were insufficient on depression knowledge and coping styles, and efforts that train students know risk of impaired mental health could also improve diagnosis and treatment.

Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS.

Background: Depressive symptoms are a serious public health problem that affects the mental health of older adults. However, current knowledge of the association between ADL disability and physical dysfunction and depressive symptoms in Chinese adults is insufficient. We intend to analyze the association between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults. Methods: The data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2015 and 2018) (CHARLS). This includes 3,431 in 2015 and 3,258 in 2018 over the age of 60. Comparing 2015 and 2018 data, multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in urban and rural older adults, adjusting for sociodemographic factors associated with depression in older adults. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in China was 33.8 percent in 2015 and 50.6 percent in 2018. In baseline data from 2015 and 2018, residence, gender, marital status, drinking, physical function, ADL, and self-rated health were all found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. The differences in physical function, ADL and depressive symptoms among older adults in 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed based on urban and rural stratification. Both physical dysfunction and ADL disability were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in rural older adults in 2015 and 2018. And in urban areas, ADL was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in urban older adults. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ADL disability was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among older adults in both urban and rural areas. Physical dysfunction was only significant in rural areas with depressive symptoms. The alpha level was instead set to 0.05 for all statistical tests. Conclusion: Rural, female, 60-70 years of age, primary school or below, married, non-smoking, non-drinking, physical dysfunction, ADL disability and self-rated poor health make-up a higher proportion of depressed older adults. ADL disability and physical dysfunction were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms in rural Chinese older adults. Therefore, the physical and mental health of rural elderly should be of concern. The rural older adults should receive additional support from the government and society.

Rapid Pressureless Sintering of Glasses.

Silica glasses have wide applications in industrial fields due to their extraordinary properties, such as high transparency, low thermal expansion coefficient, and high hardness. However, current methods of fabricating silica glass generally require long thermal treatment time (up to hours) and complex setups, leading to high cost and slow manufacturing speed. Herein, to obtain high-quality glasses using a facile and rapid method, an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) technique is reported that requires no additional pressure. Using UHS, silica precursors can be densified in seconds due to the large heating rate (up to 102 K s-1 ) of closely placed carbon heaters. The typical sintering time is as short as ≈10 s, ≈1-3 orders of magnitude faster than other methods. The sintered glasses exhibit relative densities of > 98% and high visible transmittances of ≈90%. The powder-based sintering process also allows rapid doping of metal ions to fabricate colored glasses. The UHS is further extended to sinter other functional glasses such as indium tin oxide (ITO)-doped silica glass, and other transparent ceramics such as Gd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet. This study demonstrates an UHS proof-of-concept for the rapid fabrication of high-quality glass and opens an avenue toward rapid discovery of transparent materials.

Sutcliffiella deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DG-18T, was isolated from desert soil sampled at the Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia, China. Strain DG-18T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), at pH 8.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 9.0) and with 0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain DG-18T within the genus Sutcliffiella of the family Bacillaceae with Sutcliffiella halmapala DSM 8723T (98.2%), Sutcliffiella zhanjiangensis JSM 099021T (97.6%), Sutcliffiella horikoshii DSM 8719T (97.4%), Sutcliffiella catenulata 18CT (96.6 %) and Sutcliffiella cohnii NBRC 15565T (96.5%) as its closest relatives. The major respiratory quinone of strain DG-18T was MK-7 and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Its major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω10c. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DG-18T was 38.7 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity score between the genomic sequence of strain DG-18T and that of S. halmapala DSM 8723T was 76.7 %. The Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator showed that the DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain DG-18T and S. halmapala DSM 8723T was 21.8%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain DG-18T represents a novel species of the genus Sutcliffiella, for which the name Sutcliffiella deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DG-18T (=GDMCC 1.17773T=KCTC 43170T).

Actinotalea soli sp. nov., isolated from Kubuqi Desert soil.

A Gram-stain positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile rod-shaped strain, BY-33T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from the Kubuqi Desert, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain BY-33T was most closely related to the genus Actinotalea, including Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (98.2 % similarity), 'Actinotalea subterranea' HO-Ch2T (98.0 %), Actinotalea solisilvae THG-T121T (97.6 %), 'Actinotalea bogoriensis' 69B4T (97.5 %), Actinotalea fermentans MT (97.3 %) and 'Actinotalea carbonis' T26T (97.0 %). The strain grew at 0‒37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.0-10.0) and with 0‒8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0%) on tryptic soy agar. It had catalase activity, but no oxidase activity. The polar lipids of strain BY-33T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The major respiratory quinone of strain BY-33T was MK-10 (H4). Its major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 1 A and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BY-33T was 73.0 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity scores between the genomic sequences of strain BY-33T and the other species of the genus Actinotalea were found to be low (ANIm <85.0 %, ANIb <77.0 % and OrthoANIu <78.0 %). Furthermore, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain BY-33T and the closely related species ranged from 20.5 to 21.0% and from 62.2 to 72.2 %, respectively. Based on the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, it is concluded that strain BY-33T represents a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BY-33T (=CGMCC 1.17460T=KCTC 49362T).

Description and genome analysis of Microvirga antarctica sp. nov., a novel pink-pigmented psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Antarctic soil.

A novel pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 3D7T, was isolated during an investigation of potential psychrotolerant species from Antarctic soil. Cells of the isolate were observed to be rod-shaped (0.7-0.9 × 1.0-2.2 µm), Gram-stain negative and non-motile. It was able to grow at 4-32  °C, pH 7.0-10.0 and in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 3D7T belongs to the genus Microvirga and was most closely related to 'Microvirga brassicacearum' CDVBN77T (98.3%), Microvirga subterranea DSM 14364 T (96.8%), Microvirga guangxiensis 25BT (96.5%) and Microvirga aerophila DSM 21344 T (96.5%). The predominant quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10), and the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) and C19:0 cyclo ω8c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain 3D7T was 63.5 mol%. Its genome sequence showed genes encoding phosphatases and lipases. Genetic machinery related to carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolites were also observed. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values based on whole genome sequences of strain 3D7T and its closely related species were below the threshold range for species determination. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses suggested that strain 3D7T represents a novel species of the genus Microvirga, for which the name Microvirga antarctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3D7T (= CGMCC 1.13821T = KCTC 72465T).

High-Temperature Ultrafast Sintering: Exploiting a New Kinetic Region to Fabricate Porous Solid-State Electrolyte Scaffolds.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) promise better safety and potentially higher energy density than the conventional liquid- or gel-based ones. In practice, the implementation of SSBs often necessitates 3D porous scaffolds made by ceramic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, a general and facile method to sinter 3D porous scaffolds with a range of ceramic SSEs on various substrates at high temperature in seconds is reported. The high temperature enables rapid reactive sintering toward the desired crystalline phase and expedites the surface diffusion of grains for neck growth; meanwhile, the short sintering duration limits the coarsening, thus accurately controlling the degree of densification to preserve desired porous structures, as well as reducing the loss of volatile elements. As a proof-of-concept, a composite SSE with a good ionic conductivity (i.e., ≈1.9 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature) is demonstrated by integrating poly(ethylene oxide) with the 3D porous Li6.5 La3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 scaffold sintered by this method. This method opens a new door toward sintering a variety of ceramic-SSE-based 3D scaffolds for all-solid-state battery applications.

Rapid Synthesis and Sintering of Metals from Powders.

Powder to bulk processes, such as additive manufacturing and metal injection molding (MIM), have enabled great potential for complex metal designing and manufacturing. However, additive manufacturing process normally introduces a high residue stress and textures due to the locally intense temperature. MIM is an excellent batch manufacturing process; nevertheless, it is not suitable for rapid screening and development of new metal compositions and structures due to the slow sintering process. Herein, an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) process is reported that enables the rapid synthesis and sintering of bulk metals/alloys and intermetallic compounds. In this process, elemental powders are mixed and pressed into pellets, followed by UHS sintering in just seconds at a temperature between 1000 and 3000 °C. Three representative compositions, including pure metals, intermetallics, and multielement alloys, are demonstrated with a broad range of melting points. The UHS process for metal sintering is nonmaterials specific, in addition to being extremely rapid, which make it suitable for materials discovery. Furthermore, the sintering method does not apply pressure to the samples, making it compatible with 3D printing and other additive manufacturing processes of complex structures. This rapid sintering technique will greatly facilitate the development and manufacturing of metals and alloys.

Planococcus soli sp. nov., isolated from antarctic soil.

A novel bacterial strain, designated C23T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from King George Island, Antarctica. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. Strain C23T formed orange colonies on agar plates and was Gram-stain-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C23T was a member of the genus Planococcus and was closely related to Planococcus salinarum DSM 23802T (98.5% sequence similarity), Planococcus halotolerans SCU63T (98.3%), Planomicrobium okeanokoites IFO 12526T (98.3%), Planococcus donghaensis DSM 22276T (98.3%) and Planococcus maitriensisi S1T (98.2%). This organism grew at 2-38 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-12.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 0-14% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:1 ω7c alcohol. The whole genome DNA of C23T was deposited in the GenBank database under accession number WXYN00000000. According to the whole genome, the DNA G + C content of strain C23T was determined to be 46.8 mol%; the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of strain C23T and P. salinarum DSM 23802T, P. halotolerans SCU63T, P. okeanokoites IFO 12526T, P. donghaensis DSM 22276T and P. maitriensis S1T were 74.1%, 74.3%, 74.1%, 78.8 and 73.6%; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain C23T and the five closely related species were 19.7%, 19.6%, 19.5%, 22.4 and 18.6%; the average amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain C23T and the five closely related species were 73.9%, 74.5%, 74.4%, 84.6 and 74.5%. All data were below the threshold range for species determination. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic study, we considered that strain C23T represented a novel species of the genus Planococcus for which the name Planococcus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C23T (= KCTC 33644T = CGMCC 1.15115T).

Printable, high-performance solid-state electrolyte films.

Current ceramic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) films have low ionic conductivities (10-8 to 10-5 S/cm ), attributed to the amorphous structure or volatile Li loss. Herein, we report a solution-based printing process followed by rapid (~3 s) high-temperature (~1500°C) reactive sintering for the fabrication of high-performance ceramic SSE films. The SSEs exhibit a dense, uniform structure and a superior ionic conductivity of up to 1 mS/cm. Furthermore, the fabrication time from precursor to final product is typically ~5 min, 10 to 100 times faster than conventional SSE syntheses. This printing and rapid sintering process also allows the layer-by-layer fabrication of multilayer structures without cross-contamination. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a printed solid-state battery with conformal interfaces and excellent cycling stability. Our technique can be readily extended to other thin-film SSEs, which open previously unexplores opportunities in developing safe, high-performance solid-state batteries and other thin-film devices.

Computation-Guided Synthesis of New Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolytes via an Ultrafast Sintering Technique.

The discovery of new solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) can be guided by computation for next-generation Li batteries toward higher energy density and better safety. However, conventional synthetic methods often suffer from severe loss of Li and poor material quality, therefore preventing the promise of the predicted SSE candidates to be realized. In this study, computationally predicted SSEs with desirable material quality are synthesized via an ultrafast sintering technique. Three new garnet-type Li+ conductors, including Li6.5 Nd3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 (LNZTO), Li6.5 Sm3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 (LSZTO), and Li6.5 (Sm0.5 La0.5 )3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 (L-LSZTO), are screened by density functional theory to exhibit good synthesizability and stability. The ultrafast sintering method by Joule heating effectively shorten the sintering time from several hours to <25 s, thereby reducing the Li loss and effectively merging the grains toward high material quality. In agreement with the computational prediction, LNZTO demonstrates the best synthesizability and phase stability, thereby achieving the highest conductivity of 2.3 × 10-4 S cm-1 among the three new SSE candidates. Using a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2 , the Li/LNZTO/Li symmetric cell can cycle for ≈90 h without obvious increase of overpotentials. This study showcases the successful realization of computational predictions by the ultrafast sintering technique for the rapid optimization and screening of high-performance SSEs.

Chitinophaga solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, O9T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected at Dai, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PR China. Strain O9T grew optimally at pH 7.0, at 28‒30 °C and in the absence of NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain O9T within the genus Chitinophaga of the family Chitinophagaceae, with Chitinophaga terrae KP01T (97.8 %), Chitinophaga jiangningensis JN53T (97.7 %), Chitinophaga niastensis JS16-4T (97.4 %), Chitinophaga qingshengii JN246T (97.3 %) and Chitinophaga dinghuensis DHOC24T (97.3 %) as its closest relatives. Strain O9T hydrolysed casein, gelatin and Tween 80. It could not assimilate l-arabinose, l-rhamnose, sucrose, melibiose, gentiobiose or d-fructose as a carbon source. It was negative for esterase lipase (C8) and ß-glucosidase. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the predominant polar lipid. The major respiratory quinone of strain O9T was MK-7. Its major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (34.2 %), C16:1 ω5c (20.9 %) and iso-C17:0 3-OH (12.6 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain O9T was 49.0 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity score between the genomic sequence of strain O9T and that of Chitinophaga terrae KP01T was 72.9%. The Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator showed that DNA‒DNA hybridization values for strain O9T and Chitinophaga terrae KP01T were 13.6, 21.1 and 14.4%, respectively. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain O9T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is O9T (=CGMCC 1.12462T=KCTC 32404T).

Evaluation of health-related quality of life using EQ-5D in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: Since December 2019, an increasing number of cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Now, more cases have been reported in 200 other countries and regions. The pandemic disease not only affects physical health who suffered it, but also affects the mental health of the general population. This study aims to know about the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of living using EQ-5D in general population in China. METHODS: An online-based survey was developed and participants were recruited via social media. The questionnaires included demographic and socioeconomic data, health status, the condition epidemic situation and EQ-5D scale. The relationships of all factors and the scores of EQ-5D were analyzed. Logistic regression model were used to the five health dimensions. RESULTS: The respondents obtained a mean EQ-5D index score of 0.949 and a mean VAS score of 85.52.The most frequently reported problem were pain/discomfort (19.0%) and anxiety/depression (17.6%). Logistic regression models showed that the risk of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression among people with aging, with chronic disease, lower income, epidemic effects, worry about get COVID-19 raised significantly. CONCLUSION: The article provides important evidence on HRQOL during the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression in general population in China raised significantly with aging, with chronic disease, lower income, epidemic effects, worried about get COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results from each categorical data can be used for future healthcare measures among general population.

A general method to synthesize and sinter bulk ceramics in seconds.

Ceramics are an important class of materials with widespread applications because of their high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Computational predictions based on first principles methods can be a valuable tool in accelerating materials discovery to develop improved ceramics. It is essential to experimentally confirm the material properties of such predictions. However, materials screening rates are limited by the long processing times and the poor compositional control from volatile element loss in conventional ceramic sintering techniques. To overcome these limitations, we developed an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) process for the fabrication of ceramic materials by radiative heating under an inert atmosphere. We provide several examples of the UHS process to demonstrate its potential utility and applications, including advancements in solid-state electrolytes, multicomponent structures, and high-throughput materials screening.

Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker.

Thin films of several microns in thickness are ubiquitously used in packaging, electronics, and acoustic sensors. Here we demonstrate that natural wood can be directly converted into an ultrathin film with a record-small thickness of less than 10 µm through partial delignification followed by densification. Benefiting from this aligned and laminated structure, the ultrathin wood film exhibits excellent mechanical properties with a high tensile strength of 342 MPa and a Young's modulus of 43.6 GPa, respectively. The material's ultrathin thickness and exceptional mechanical strength enable excellent acoustic properties with a 1.83-times higher resonance frequency and a 1.25-times greater displacement amplitude than a commercial polypropylene diaphragm found in an audio speaker. As a proof-of-concept, we directly use the ultrathin wood film as a diaphragm in a real speaker that can output music. The ultrathin wood film with excellent mechanical property and acoustic performance is a promising candidate for next-generation acoustic speakers.

An Electron/Ion Dual-Conductive Alloy Framework for High-Rate and High-Capacity Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries.

The solid-state Li battery is a promising energy-storage system that is both safe and features a high energy density. A main obstacle to its application is the poor interface contact between the solid electrodes and the ceramic electrolyte. Surface treatment methods have been proposed to improve the interface of the ceramic electrolytes, but they are generally limited to low-capacity or short-term cycling. Herein, an electron/ion dual-conductive solid framework is proposed by partially dealloying the Li-Mg alloy anode on a garnet-type solid-state electrolyte. The Li-Mg alloy framework serves as a solid electron/ion dual-conductive Li host during cell cycling, in which the Li metal can cycle as a Li-rich or Li-deficient alloy anode, free from interface deterioration or volume collapse. Thus, the capacity, current density, and cycle life of the solid Li anode are improved. The cycle capability of this solid anode is demonstrated by cycling for 500 h at 1 mA cm-2 , followed by another 500 h at 2 mA cm-2 without short-circuiting, realizing a record high cumulative capacity of 750 mA h cm-2 for garnet-type all-solid-state Li batteries. This alloy framework with electron/ion dual-conductive pathways creates the possibility to realize high-energy solid-state Li batteries with extended lifespans.

Health protective behavior scale: Development and psychometric evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: A healthy lifestyle includes health protective and health promoting behaviors. Health promoting lifestyle profiles have been developed, but measures of health protective behavior are still lacking. This study sought to develop a health protecting behavior scale. METHODS: An initial item pool for the Health Protective Behavior Scale (HPBS) was generated based on read and referred literature and a single-item open-ended survey. An expert group screened this initial item pool using an item-level content validity index. Pilot testing was conducted. The degree of variation, the response rate, the item-total correlation coefficient, and the factor loading in factor analysis and item analysis were used to screen items using data of pilot testing. 454 subjects were recruited evaluate the psychometric properties of the HPBS. Analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factor analysis, parallel analysis, correlation analysis and criterion validity analysis. RESULTS: The final iteration of the HPBS was developed with 32 items and five dimensions: interpersonal support, general behavior, self-knowledge, nutrition behavior and health care. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability were 0.89 and 0.89 respectively. Correlation coefficients of the five dimensions ranged from 0.28 to 0.55. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total scores on the WHOQOL-BREF and on the HPBS was 0.34. CONCLUSIONS: HPBS has sufficient validity and reliability to measure health protective behaviors in adults.

A Community-Based Study of Quality of Life and Depression among Older Adults.

The goal of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and depression and provide further insights into the relationship between QOL and depression among community-dwelling elderly Chinese people. Baseline data were collected from 1168 older adults (aged ≥ 60) in a large, prospective cohort study on measurement and evaluation of health-promoting and health-protecting behaviors intervention on chronic disease in different community-dwelling age groups. QOL was assessed using the 26-item, World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) and depression was assessed using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for all dimensions was approximately 60, with the highest mean value (61.92) observed for social relationships, followed by environment, physical health, and psychological health domains. In this cohort, 26.1% of elderly urban adults met GDS criteria for depression. There were negative correlations between physical health (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.928, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.910-0.946), psychological health (OR = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.879-0.934), environment (OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.944-0.989) and depression among elderly people. Those with depression were older, less educated, had a lower monthly income, and were more likely to report insomnia. All WHOQOL-BREF domains, with the exception of the social domain were negatively correlated with depression.