Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Macrophages in Radicular Cysts and Residual Radicular Cysts.

INTRODUCTION: Radicular cysts (RCs) and residual radicular cysts (RRCs) are the sequelae of dental caries and that leads to proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez in periapical tissues. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the relationship between Langerhans cells, macrophages, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9, MMP-13), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the capsule and lining epithelium of cystic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty RCs and 20 RRCs were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis with anti-CD68, anti-CD1a, anti-MMP-9, anti-MMP-13, and anti-TNF-α antibodies. The Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation test were used for analysis of the data (P<0.05). RESULTS: The immunoexpression of MMP-13 and CD68 was significantly higher in RCs when compared with RRCs (P=0.011 and 0.012, respectively). The presence of an intense inflammatory infiltrate was significantly correlated with the immunoexpression of CD68 in RCs (P=0.025). Expression of CD68 showed a significant positive correlation with MMP-13 (P=0.015). A moderate correlation was observed between MMP-9 and MMP-13 (P=0.010). TNF-α expression was more common in RCs (P=0.001). CD1a was more frequently expressed in atrophic epithelium (P=0.041) and was significantly correlated with TNF-α (P=0.014). CONCLUSION: Langerhans cells induce a greater release of TNF-α which, in turn, is responsible for the stimulation of M1 macrophages. Higher immunoexpression of MMP-13 and MMP-9 is observed in the early stages of RCs compared with RRCs. Therefore, the toxins of microorganisms present in highly inflamed RCs are the main factors triggering a proinflammatory immune response and greater cystic expansion in the early stages of these lesions.

Clinical-pathological aspects of oral lymphoepithelial cyst: case report / Aspectos clinicopatológicos de cisto linfoepitelial oral: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Oral lymphoepithelial cyst (OLEC) is an uncommon lesion whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of OLEC. Female patient, white, 62 years old, presented asymptomatic nodular swelling of soft consistency in the lateral border of the tongue. Under the clinical hypothesis of lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a pathological epithelial-lined cavity and a cystic connective tissue capsule containing lymphoid tissue. The diagnosis of OLEC was established and the patient showed no signs of recurrence after surgical removal of the lesion.

RESUMEN El quiste linfoepitelial (QLE) oral es una lesión infrecuente, cuya patogénesis es aún poco conocida. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar un caso de QLE oral. Mujer blanca de 62 años presentó un crecimiento nodular asintomático de consistencia blanda, en borde lateral de la lengua. Bajo la hipótesis clínica de hiperplasia del tejido linfoide, se realizó una biopsia excisional. El examen histopatológico reveló cavidad patológica revestida de epitelio y una cápsula quística de tejido conectivo, conteniendo tejido linfoide. Se estableció el diagnóstico de QLE oral. La paciente no ha presentado recidiva tras extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión.

RESUMO O cisto linfoepitelial oral (CLEO) é uma lesão incomum, cuja patogênese ainda é pouco elucidada. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de CLEO. Paciente do sexo feminino, leucoderma, 62 anos, apresentou aumento de volume nodular assintomático de consistência amolecida, em borda lateral da língua. Sob a hipótese clínica de hiperplasia de tecido linfoide, biópsia excisional foi realizada. O exame histopatológico revelou cavidade patológica revestida por epitélio e uma cápsula cística de tecido conjuntivo, contendo tecido linfoide. O diagnóstico de CLEO foi estabelecido. A paciente não apresentou sinais de recidiva após a remoção cirúrgica da lesão.

Oral lichen planus with cutaneous manifestations: case report with emphasis on dental diagnostic criteria / Líquen plano oral com manifestações cutâneas: relato de caso com ênfase nos critérios de diagnóstico odontológico

ABSTRACT Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and mucosa, which often affects the oral cavity. The objective of this study is to report a case of oral lichen planus (OLP) with cutaneous manifestations and to discuss the clinical, histopathological aspects and the established treatment. A 61-years-old female white patient was referred for evaluation of white lesions in the oral mucosa. In the intraoral examination, multiple white lesions with striated appearance were observed in the jugal mucosa, tongue and border. The extraoral examination revealed scaly lesions on the arm, white spots on the legs, and nail dystrophy on feet. Based on biopsy of the oral lesions and the histopathological analysis, the diagnosis of OLP was confirmed. The patient underwent treatment with clobetasol propionate topical cream (0.5 mg), and was instructed to apply it to affected area, once or twice a day for four weeks. In the clinical follow-up after one month and 15 days, the improvement of the lesions could be analyzed. As OLP is a disease with an etiopathogenesis that is still poorly recognized, several factors may enable the development of this condition. Therefore, the dentist's clinical view is essential for the most effective treatment.

RESUMEN El liquen plano es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que involucra piel y mucosa, con frecuencia de la cavidad bucal. Los objetivos de este estudio son reportar un caso de liquen plano oral (LPO) con manifestaciones cutáneas y discutir sus aspectos clínicos e histopatológico, así como el tratamiento establecido. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 61 años de edad, raza blanca, que fue remitida para evaluación de lesiones blancas en la mucosa bucal. En el examen intraoral se observaron lesiones blancas múltiples estriadas en mucosa yugal, lengua y cresta; en el examen extraoral, lesiones descamativas en el brazo, manchas blancas en las piernas y uñas distróficas en los pies. Basándose en la biopsia de las lesiones bucales y en el análisis histopatológico, el diagnóstico de LPO se confirmó. La paciente fue sometida a tratamiento con propionato de clobetasol crema (0,5 mg) y aconsejada a aplicar el medicamento sobre el área afectada, una o dos veces al día, por cuatro semanas. En el seguimiento clínico, al cabo de un mes y 15 días, fue posible analizar la mejoría de las lesiones. Por tratarse de una enfermedad de etiología todavía poco conocida, varios factores pueden favorecer su desarrollo. Así, el ojo clínico del cirujano dentista es imprescindible para un tratamiento más efectivo.

RESUMO O líquen plano é uma doença inflamatória crônica que envolve pele e mucosa, acometendo frequentemente a cavidade bucal. Os objetivos deste estudo são relatar um caso de líquen plano oral (LPO) com manifestações cutâneas e discutir os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos, bem como o tratamento estabelecido. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher, 61 anos de idade, leucoderma, que foi encaminhada para avaliação de lesões brancas na mucosa bucal. Ao exame intraoral, foram observadas múltiplas lesões brancas com aspecto estriado em mucosa jugal, língua e rebordo; ao exame extraoral, lesões de aspecto descamativo no braço, manchas brancas nas pernas e unhas distróficas nos pés. Com base na biópsia das lesões bucais e na análise histopatológica, o diagnóstico de LPO foi confirmado. A paciente foi submetida ao tratamento com propionato de clobetasol em creme (0,5 mg) e orientada a fazer a aplicação na área afetada, uma a duas vezes ao dia, durante quatro semanas. No acompanhamento clínico após um mês e 15 dias, pôde-se analisar a melhora das lesões. Por se tratar de uma doença com etiopatogênese ainda pouco reconhecida, vários fatores podem possibilitar o desenvolvimento dessa condição. Dessa forma, é imprescindível o olhar clínico do cirurgião-dentista para o tratamento mais eficaz.

A Proteomic Perspective on the Bacterial Adaptation to Cold: Integrating OMICs Data of the Psychrotrophic Bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7.

Since the publication of one of the first studies using 2D gel electrophoresis by Patrick H. O'Farrell in 1975, several other studies have used that method to evaluate cellular responses to different physicochemical variations. In environmental microbiology, bacterial adaptation to cold environments is a "hot topic" because of its application in biotechnological processes. As in other fields, gel-based and gel-free proteomic methods have been used to determine the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to cold of several psychrotrophic and psychrophilic bacterial species. In this review, we aim to describe and discuss these main molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation, referencing proteomic studies that have made significant contributions to our current knowledge in the area. Furthermore, we use Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 as a model organism to present the importance of integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. This species has been isolated in Antarctica and previously studied at all three omic levels. The integration of these data permitted more robust conclusions about the mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to cold.