La visión del otro y la conflictividad en la relación enfermera-paciente musulmán / The vision of the other and conflicts in the relationship between nurses and muslim patients

Objetivos: - Conocer la visión de las enfermeras de los pacientes de tradición musulmana y si esta se corresponde con la existencia o no de conflictos.- Conocer la visión de los pacientes de tradición musulmana de las enfermeras que los cuidan y si esta se corresponde con la existencia o no de conflictos.- Buscar similitudes y/o diferencias en la visión del otro en la relación enfermera-paciente de tradición musulmana. Método Teoría fundamentada, utilizando como estrategia de recogida de datos las entrevistas en profundidad. Informantes enfermeras de hospitalización (N=32), hombres y mujeres de tradición musulmana que hayan estado hospitalizados en uno de los hospitales públicos de Almería (N=37). Resultados Las enfermeras. En el discurso aparecen numerosos estereotipos y prejuicios hacia los pacientes de tradición musulmana, esta visión negativa contrasta con la ausencia de conflictos con estos pacientes. Los pacientes de tradición musulmana. La valoración que hacen de las enfermeras es positiva, resaltando sobre todo su profesionalidad y la confianza que les transmiten. A las experiencias negativas con el personal se tiende a restarle importancia. Conclusiones Pese a esta visión estereotipada y prejuiciosa del otro por parte de la enfermera, la relación con los pacientes de tradición musulmana no parece estar afectada según la percepción de los pacientes. Es necesario tomar conciencia de que esta visión negativa de los profesionales existe y que hay que trabajar activamente para modificarlas fomentando el conocimiento y el respeto cultural mediante la formación específica en este campo (AU)

Objectives:- To and out the views of nurses on Muslim patients and to determine whether these views are related to the existence of, or lack of conflicts.- To determine what the Muslim patients think of the nurses who look after them, and to see whether this is related to the existence of, or lack of conflicts.- To look for similarities or differences in the ‘‘vision of the other’’ in the nurse-Muslim patient relationship. Method: Grounded Theory, using in-depth interviews. Informants: Nurses (N=32), men and women of Muslim tradition who have been hospitalized in one of the public hospitals in the province of Almeria (N=37). Results: The nurses. In the discourses there were numerous stereotypes and prejudices towards patients of Muslim tradition. This negative view was in contrast with the lack of conflicts with this type of patient. The patients. These patients gave a positive opinion of the nurses, stressing in particular, their professional attitude and the confidence they install in them. They tended to play down any negative experience with the nursing professionals. Conclusions: In spite of this stereotyped and prejudiced ‘‘vision of the other’’ on the part of the nurses, the relationship is not affected from the point of view of the Muslin patients. It is necessary to be aware of this negative vision that the nursing professionals have, and of the need to work actively to modify it, promoting cultural knowledge and respect through specific training in this field (AU)

[The vision of the other and conflicts in the relationship between nurses and muslim patients]. / La visión del otro y la conflictividad en la relación enfermera-paciente musulmán.

OBJECTIVES: -To find out the views of nurses on Muslim patients and to determine whether these views are related to the existence of, or lack of conflicts. - To determine what the Muslim patients think of the nurses who look after them, and to see whether this is related to the existence of, or lack of conflicts. - To look for similarities or differences in the "vision of the other" in the nurse-Muslim patient relationship. METHOD: Grounded Theory, using in-depth interviews. INFORMANTS: Nurses (N=32), men and women of Muslim tradition who have been hospitalized in one of the public hospitals in the province of Almería (N=37) RESULTS: The nurses. In the discourses there were numerous stereotypes and prejudices towards patients of Muslim tradition. This negative view was in contrast with the lack of conflicts with this type of patient. The patients. These patients gave a positive opinion of the nurses, stressing in particular, their professional attitude and the confidence they install in them. They tended to play down any negative experience with the nursing professionals. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of this stereotyped and prejudiced "vision of the other" on the part of the nurses, the relationship is not affected from the point of view of the Muslim patients. It is necessary to be aware of this negative vision that the nursing professionals have, and of the need to work actively to modify it, promoting cultural knowledge and respect through specific training in this field.

Visión de los pacientes musulmanes de la competencia en comunicación intercultural de los profesionales de enfermería que los cuidan: El proyecto / Pacientes visão muçulmana de competência de comunicação intercultural de enfermeiros que cuidam: O Projeto / View of the Muslim patients on the intercultural communication competence of the nursing professionals who attend them: The Project

En este artículo presentamos el proyecto que estamos desarrollando en el periodo 2010-2012 (FIS: PS09/01449). Este estudio es continuación de la investigación que comenzamos en 2007 con la financiación de la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI424-2007) en el que analizamos la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural de los profesionales de Enfermería ante pacientes musulmanes desde el punto de vista de los propios profesionales. Ahora pretendemos valorar la competencia en comunicación intercultural de los profesionales enfermeros desde el punto de vista de los pacientes-usuarios inmigrantes musulmanes. Objetivo principal: Conocer como valoran la competencia comunicativa de las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería los propios pacientes objeto del cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, estrategia de recogida de datos las entrevistas en profundidad y los grupos de discusión. Informantes: Hombres y mujeres de tradición musulmana que hayan estado hospitalizados en uno de los hospitales públicos de Almería. Conclusión principal: Conociendo las deficiencias percibidas podremos elaborar una serie de sugerencias-propuestas de intervención para mejorar la atención sanitaria y los cuidados que se ofrecen a este colectivo poblacional (AU)

Neste artigo, estamos desenvolvendo o projeto no período 2010-2012 (FIS: PS09/01449). Este estudo é uma continuação da investigação que começou em 2007 com financiamento do Ministério da Saúde da Junta de Andalucía (PI424-2007) em que analisamos a Competência Comunicativa Intercultural de profissionais de enfermagem para pacientes muçulmanos a partir do ponto de vista próprios profissionais.Agora temos a intenção de avaliar a competência de comunicação intercultural de enfermeiros profissionais a partir da perspectiva dos pacientes, os usuários imigrantes muçulmanos. Objectivo principal: Para saber o valor da competência comunicativa dos enfermeiros e auxiliares de enfermagem próprios pacientes sob os cuidados. Metodologia: estratégia de coleta de dados qualitativos entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais. Informante: Homens e mulheres de tradição muçulmana que foram internados em um hospital público em Almeria. A principal conclusão: Conhecer as deficiências percebidas desenvolvemos um conjunto de sugestões, propostas de acção para melhorar os cuidados de saúde e cuidados prestados a esse grupo populacional (AU)

In this article we present the project we are carrying out in the 2010-2012 period (FIS: PS09/01449). This study is the continuation of the investigation we started in 2007 with the financing of the Consejeria de Salud of the Junta de Andalucia (the Andalusian Government Health Office) (PI424-2007) in which we analyze the Intercultural Communicative Competence of the Nursing professionals dealing with Muslim patients from the point of view of the professionals themselves. Now we aim at evaluating the Intercultural Communicative Competence of the Nursing professionals from the point of view of the Muslim immigrant users-patients. Objective: To know how the patients receiving the care value the Intercultural Communicative Competence of the nurses and nursing assistants. Methodology: Qualitative study, in-depth interviews and discussion groups as a data collecting strategy. Informants: men and women of Muslim tradition who have been hospitalized in one of the Public Hospitals of the province of Almería (Spain). Conclusion: Being aware of the perceived deficiencies will enable us to elaborate a series of suggestions-proposals for intervention aimed at improving the health care and attention offered to this collective of population (AU)

[Design, implementation and evaluation of a health education program for the elderly]. / Diseño, implementación y evaluación de un programa de educación para la salud con personas mayores.

The objective was to design, implement and evaluate a health education program, using the analysis of the habits that harm the health of people over 65 years old. An evaluative research was carried out from a multiple case study in the North-West area of Spain, combining both the quantitative and the qualitative approach. A questionnaire and interview were used as tools for data collection. The elderly take a lot of medicines and also treat themselves. A small group smoke and drink alcohol. Over 25% have sedentary habits and their average body mass rate was 30.55. The implementation of the programme has significantly influenced their quality of life. Elderly people have deep rooted unhealthy habits. The achievement of educational contents improved their quality of life. However, they are reluctant to assume new habits, even though they are healthy.

Diseño, implementación y evaluación de un programa de educación para la salud con personas mayores / Design, implementation and evaluation of a health education program for the elderly

OBJETIVO: Desde el análisis de los hábitos que perjudican la salud de las personas mayores de 65 años, diseñar, implementar y evaluar un programa de educación para la salud. MÉTODOS: Se abordó una investigación evaluativa desde un estudio de casos múltiples en tres centros de salud del Noroeste de España combinando el enfoque cuantitativo con el cualitativo. Los instrumentos de recogida de información utilizados fueron el cuestionario y la entrevista. RESULTADOS: El consumo de medicamentos en los mayores es elevado así como la automedicación. Un pequeño grupo fuma y consume alcohol. Más de la cuarta parte son sedentarios y su índice de masa corporal medio es de 30,55. La implementación del programa ha repercutido de forma significativa sobre su calidad de vida. Las personas mayores tienen arraigadas prácticas malsanas. El logro de contenidos educativos alcanzado mejoró gratamente su calidad de vida. Con todo, presentan reticencia para asumir nuevos hábitos de salud aunque les favorezcan.

The objective was to design, implement and evaluate a health education program, using the analysis of the habits that harm the health of people over 65 years old. An evaluative research was carried out from a multiple case study in the North-West area of Spain, combining both the quantitative and the qualitative approach. A questionnaire and interview were used as tools for data collection. The elderly take a lot of medicines and also treat themselves. A small group smoke and drink alcohol. Over 25 percent have sedentary habits and their average body mass rate was 30.55. The implementation of the programme has significantly influenced their quality of life. Elderly people have deep rooted unhealthy habits. The achievement of educational contents improved their quality of life. However, they are reluctant to assume new habits, even though they are healthy.

Evaluación sobre las características del proceso de envejecimiento a través de relatos de vida / Avaliação sobre as características do processo de envelhecimento por meio de histórias de vida / Assesment of the process of ageing through life reports of elder people

En esta investigación se evalúa la percepción que presentan los mayores sobre los factores que influyen en su salud y el desarrollo vital a través del tiempo como punto de partida para mejorar su calidad de vida. Se analizan 147 relatos de vida de pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 65 y 90 años. Se aborda una investigación evaluativa desde un enfoque biográfico-narrativo. Como resultados y conclusiones hay que destacar que las personas mayores compaginaron su trabajo en el sector industrial o servicios con las labores del campo. En cuanto a las actividades que realizan en su tiempo libre destacan para las mujeres coser y para los varones los juegos de cartas y seguir los deportes por televisión. Están satisfechos con la asistencia sanitaria que reciben, aunque demandan nuevos servicios de especialidad y formación en educación para la salud. En general los pacientes se enfrentan positivamente al deterioro de la salud.

In this paper, we assess elderly people's perception of the factors that influence their health and their vital development as a starting point to improve their quality of life. We analyze 147 life stories of patients aged between 65 and 90, in an evaluative research with a biographical-narrative approach. As results and conclusions, we emphasize that the elderly reconciled their work in the industrial or services sectors with ploughing. The most common activities they perform in their free time are sewing for women and card games and watching sports on TV for men. They are satisfied with the medical assistance they receive, although they demand new specialty services and health education. Most of the patients face the deterioration of their health in a positive way.

Avalia-se a percepção que apresentam as pessoas idosas sobre os fatores que influenciam sua saúde e seu desenvolvimento vital como ponto de partida para melhorar sua qualidade de vida. São analisadas 147 histórias de vida dos pacientes com idades entre 65 e noventa anos, em uma investigação avaliativa com abordagem biográfico-narrativa. Como resultados e conclusões, ressalta-se que as pessoas idosas conciliaram seu trabalho no setor industrial, ou de serviços, com a lavoura no campo. Quanto às atividades que realizam no seu tempo livre, destacam-se a costura para as mulheres e os jogos de cartas e a programação desportiva da televisão para os homens. Estão satisfeitos com a assistência que recebem na saúde, embora demandem novos serviços de especialidade e formação na educação para a saúde. De um modo geral, os pacientes defrontam-se com a deterioração da saúde positivamente.

Baja frecuencia clínica de la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy en el Instituto de Neurología de México / Low clinical frequency of Lewy body dementia in the Institute of Neurology in Mexico

Objetivos: a) determinar la frecuencia clínica de los diferentes subtipos de demencia para conocer la frecuencia y el lugar que ocupa la demencia de cuerpos de Lewy en la población de consulta externa del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía de México, y b) describir su relación con determinados factores de riesgo. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre los historiales, evolución clínica, pruebas neuropsicológicas y datos cualitativos de la resonancia magnética cerebral de todos los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo que asistieron a la consulta externa en el año 2004. Resultados: N: 237. La edad media fue de 66,0 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 12,6). El 65,0% mujeres. El 37,6% era originario del área metropolitana de México. Seguimiento medio en consulta: 31,3 semanas (DE: 44,2). Mini-Mental State Examination promedio: 18,5 puntos (DE: 7,3). Nivel educativo medio: 6,0 años (DE: 4,8). Tipos de demencia: Alzheimer 26,6%, vascular 21,1%, mixta 17,7%, frontotemporal 10,5%. Solamente se encontró un caso de demencia por cuerpos de Lewy difusos (0,4% de la muestra). La presencia de factores de riesgo vascular tiende a ser elevada, sobre todo en los subgrupos no degenerativos. Conclusiones: en nuestra población, los tipos de demencia con componente vascular se encuentran más representados a expensas de los degenerativos en relación con la casuística internacional. En los países subdesarrollados o en vías de desarrollo, la patología vascular podría modificar la presentación clínica de los procesos

Objectives: a) to determine the clinical frequency of the different subtypes of dementia in order to identify the frequency and place that Lewy body dementia occupies in the population attending the outpatient department of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, and b) to describe the association between dementia and specific risk factors. Material and methods: we performed a retrospective observational study of the clinical histories, clinical outcome, neuropsychological tests and qualitative data of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging of all patients with cognitive impairment attending the outpatient department during 2004. Results: N: 237. The mean age of the patients was 66.0 years (SD, 12.6). Sixty-five percent of the patients were women. A total of 37.6% were from the metropolitan area of Mexico. The mean time of follow-up in the outpatient department was 31.3 weeks (SD, 44.2). The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 18.5 points (SD, 7.3). The mean number of years of education was 6.0 (SD, 4.8). The types of dementia were distributed as follows: Alzheimer 26.6%, vascular 21.1%, mixed 17.7%, fronto-temporal 10.5%. Only one case of diffuse Lewy body disease (0.4% of the sample) was found. The presence of vascular risk factors tended to be high, especially in non-degenerative subgroups. Conclusions: in our population, vascular dementias are more frequent than degenerative subgroups and are also more frequent in comparison with international casuistics. In underdeveloped or developing countries, vascular disease could modify the clinical presentation of neurodegenerative processes, as occurred with Lewy body dementia in the present study

Evaluating appreciation of measures attending to pupil diversity (EMAD).

Evaluating appreciation of measures attending to pupil diversity (EMAD) is a scale for evaluating the understanding of measures describing pupils' cultural and diversity needs among the staff responsible for such measures in Spanish primary schools. Its 9 Likert-scale items correspond to the various types of action in this area that are currently being promoted in Spain. The principal objective of this study was to assess the scale's factor structure and internal consistency, to which end the scale was completed by the heads of the Departments of Orientation of 140 Spanish primary schools. Corrected item-total correlations and Cronbach alpha (.91) indicated adequate scale homogeneity. Principal components analysis followed by varimax rotation indicated two factors jointly accounting for 71.4% of total variance, one associated with actions involving modification of syllabuses, and the other with actions not requiring such changes. Cronbach alphas were .89 and .79 for the two factors.