ABSTRACT
The last biomonitoring study in Poland on intoxication with fluoride compounds of deer was conducted almost two decades ago. Given the fact that fluoride level in air and water is not widely monitored in Poland, it is justified to undertake monitoring of F- levels in people and other long-lived mammals. This paper provides the assessment of the present level of fluoride accumulation in mineralized tissue of large herbivorous mammals. The aim of the present study was to determine fluoride concentration in teeth of deer inhabiting the areas of Poland which are industrially uncontaminated with fluoride compounds, to establish possible correlations between the analysed parameters, and to provide a comparison of the present results with those obtained in other studies. Mean concentration of fluoride in all analysed samples amounted to 231.0 F mg/kg, with the minimum value of 22.0 F mg/kg and the maximum of 935.0 F mg/kg. This results from the development of industry and a widespread use of fluoride-supplemented caries prevention products which contributes to an intense accumulation of these substances in vertebrates, predominantly in mineralized tissue.
Subject(s)
Deer/metabolism , Environmental Pollutants/chemistry , Fluorides/chemistry , Industrial Waste , Tooth/chemistry , Animals , Deer/classification , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Pollutants/metabolism , Fluorides/metabolism , Poland , Tooth/metabolismABSTRACT
Rocatec, Kevloc and Siloc bonding systems were used to bond Molloplast-B silicone elastomer to a metal alloy denture base material. The mechanical strength of the bonds was examined using tensile tests. Two groups of tests were performed, 30 samples after one day storage in water and 30 samples after 6 months in water at 37 degrees C. At both testing times, the Rocatec system exhibited high reproducibility and the highest mean results. For the Kevloc system the values were lower while the Siloc system yielded the lowest values. The strength of samples, bonded with the Rocatec system, was improved by storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C.
