ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increased cholesterol in blood plays the role in atherosclerosis formation. It is observed that stress increases cholesterol level. Most of previous studies were conducted on biological risk factors like blood lipids under stress in middle aged persons who remained under investigations for heart problems. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the changes in blood lipids and blood cortisol along with sympatheo-adnergic responses determined by selected haemodynamic parameters during psychological stress. METHODS: Male participants (n = 114) were randomly selected. They were examined two times, for stress task of viva-voce (degree examination) and during non-stress period. Final selection of participants was depending on stress assessment and their well being. RESULTS: Cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) were significantly increased during stress period with p < 0.001 for each parameter. But different blood lipids levels (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) were detected with different significant levels. The correlations of changed lipids with raised findings of haemodynamics and cortisol were also evaluated. CONCLUSION: Further studies in our population are needed to evaluate the relation of changes in various biological risk factors including IL-9 and sympatho-adernergic activities with stress factors related to our social/ environmental problems, especially genetically based psychological factors.
Subject(s)
Hemodynamics , Hydrocortisone/blood , Lipids/blood , Stress, Psychological/blood , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Blood Pressure , Heart Rate , Humans , Interleukin-9/blood , Male , Psychometrics , Risk Factors , Statistics as Topic , Students, Medical , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
The determination of toxic elements in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure. The aim of this work was to determine total content of toxic elements-aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)-in whole blood and urine samples of male chronic renal failure patients (CRFPs) on maintenance hemodialysis from 2006 to 2007. The study included 100 CRFPs, plus 150 healthy volunteers in the control group. The concentration of toxic elements (TEs) were determined in blood sample before and after hemodialysis, while urine sample was determined once, before dialysis. Toxic elements were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, prior to microwave-induced acid digestion. The accuracy of the total Al, Cd, and Pb measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference materials. No significant differences were established between the analytical results and the certified values (paired t-test at p > 0.05). The levels of TEs in blood samples of patients before dialysis were found to be higher than blood samples after dialysis session. In the control group, the blood levels of Al, Cd, and Pb were significantly lower than the chronic renal failure patients. Moreover, the study shows that analyzing levels of Al, Cd, and Pb may be useful in hemodialysis patients in evaluating TEs status.
