ABSTRACT
Decompressive craniotomy (DC) is applied to treat post-traumatic intracranial hypertension (ICH). The purpose of this study is to identify prognostic factors and complications of unilateral DC. Eighty-nine patients submitted to unilateral DC were retrospectively analyzed over a period of 30 months. Chi square independent test and Fisher test were used to identify prognostic factors. The majority of patients were male (87%). Traffic accidents had occurred in 47% of the cases. 64% of the patients had suffered severe head injury, while pupillary abnormalities were already present in 34%. Brain swelling plus acute subdural hematoma were the most common tomographic findings (64%). Complications occurred in 34.8% of the patients: subdural effusions in 10 (11.2%), hydrocephalus in 7 (7.9%) and infection in 14 (15.7%). The admittance Glasgow coma scale was a statistically significant predictor of outcome (p=0.0309).
Subject(s)
Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Adult , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Preoperative Care , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Decompressive craniotomy (DC) is applied to treat post-traumatic intracranial hypertension (ICH). The purpose of this study is to identify prognostic factors and complications of unilateral DC. Eighty-nine patients submited to unilateral DC were retrospectively analyzed over a period of 30 months. Qui square independent test and Fisher test were used to identify prognostic factors. The majority of patients were male (87 percent). Traffic accidents had occurred in 47 percent of the cases. 64 percent of the patients had suffered severe head injury, while pupillary abnormalities were already present in 34 percent. Brain swelling plus acute subdural hematoma were the most common tomographic findings (64 percent). Complications occurred in 34.8 percent of the patients: subdural effusions in 10 (11.2 percent), hydrocephalus in 7 (7.9 percent) and infection in 14 (15.7 percent). The admittance Glasgow coma scale was a statistically significant predictor of outcome ( p=0.0309).
A craniotomia descompressiva (CD) é técnica utilizada para tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) pós-traumática. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar fatores prognósticos e complicações nos pacientes submetidos a esta técnica. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de 89 pacientes submetidos à CD unilateral para tratamento da HIC pós-traumática durante 30 meses. Utilizou-se testes do Qui-quadrado de independência e teste exato de Fisher para análise de fatores independentes de prognóstico. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (87 por cento). A causa mais comum foi o acidente de trânsito (47 por cento). A maioria apresentava traumatismo cranioencefálico grave (64 por cento), 34 por cento já apresentavam anisocoria. O achado tomográfico mais comum foi a associação entre tumefação cerebral e hematoma subdural agudo (64 por cento). Em 34,8 por cento dos pacientes houve complicações inerentes à técnica: coleção subdural (11,2 por cento), hidrocefalia (7,9 por cento) e infecção (15,7 por cento). A escala de coma de Glasgow à admissão correlacionou-se estatisticamente como fator prognóstico (p=0,0309).
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects , Glasgow Coma Scale , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Preoperative Care , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical technique used to treat patients with elevated intracranial pressure often found in head injury. Its indication remains a controversial issue in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To report seven cases managed with this technique. METHOD: Retrospective study of seven patients, aged from 2 to 17 years, treated with unilateral DC due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) as a consequence of head injury. All patients had ICP monitored post operatively and the DC classified as ultra-early (<6h), early (6-12h) or late (>24h) according to the time of its application. The minimum follow-up was six months. RESULTS: Patients were evaluated with CT scans and clinical exams, and graded according the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Three patients deceased (GOS1), one was in vegetative state (GOS2), two recovered but still requiring nursing care (GOS3 and 4), and one had a full recovery (GOS5) at hospital discharge. After six months the GOS2 and a GOS3 patients achieved full recovery (GOS5). Subdural collection (2), hydrocephalus (1) and superficial infection (1) occurred as complication. Two patients had autologous cranioplasty and the other two heterologous cranioplasty. CONCLUSION: Decompressive craniectomy remains a feasible treatment method to lower the ICP, but is not safe from complications. A multicentric study should be done for appropriate protocol treatment of pediatric patients.
Subject(s)
Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A craniectomia descompressiva (CD) é técnica utilizada para tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) pós-traumática. Sua indicação ainda não está bem definida na população pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Relatar a utilização desta técnica em sete casos pediátricos. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de sete pacientes (2 a 17 anos) que receberam CD unilateral para tratamento de HIC. Todos tiveram monitorização pós-operatória da pressão intracraniana (PIC) e a CD foi classificada em ultra-precoce (<6h), precoce (6-12h) e tardia (>24h) de acordo com o seu tempo de realização após o trauma. O seguimento mínimo foi seis meses. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram seguidos por tomografia e quadro clínico, sendo classificados de acordo com a Escala de Outcome de Glasgow (GOS). Três pacientes faleceram (GOS1), um estava em estado vegetativo (GOS2), dois com déficit neurológico moderado (GOS3 e 4) e um com reabilitação funcional completa (GOS5) à época da alta hospitalar. Após período mínimo de seis meses, o paciente que estava em estado vegetativo e um dos que tinha déficit neurológico moderado melhoraram. Perdeu-se seguimento do paciente com alta em GOS4. Como complicação, ocorreram coleção subdural (2), hidrocefalia (1) e infecção superficial (1). Dos quatro que sobreviveram, dois receberam cranioplastia autóloga e os outros dois, heteróloga. CONCLUSÃO: A CD é método eficaz para redução da PIC, mas não é isenta de complicações. Sua aplicação ainda não está bem definida na população pediátrica, carecendo de estudos multicêntricos.
INTRODUCTION: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical technique used to treat patients with elevated intracranial pressure often found in head injury. Its indication remains a controversial issue in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To report seven cases managed with this technique. Method: Retrospective study of seven patients, aged from 2 to 17 years, treated with unilateral DC due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) as a consequence of head injury. All patients had ICP monitored post operatively and the DC classified as ultra-early (<6h), early (6-12h) or late (>24h) according to the time of its application. The minimum follow-up was six months. RESULTS: Patients were evaluated with CT scans and clinical exams, and graded according the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Three patients deceased (GOS1), one was in vegetative state (GOS2), two recovered but still requiring nursing care (GOS3 and 4), and one had a full recovery (GOS5) at hospital discharge. After six months the GOS2 and a GOS3 patients achieved full recovery (GOS5). Subdural collection (2), hydrocephalus (1) and superficial infection (1) occurred as complication. Two patients had autologous cranioplasty and the other two heterologous cranioplasty. CONCLUSION: Decompressive craniectomy remains a feasible treatment method to lower the ICP, but is not safe from complications. A multicentric study should be done for appropriate protocol treatment of pediatric patients.