ABSTRACT
Photosynthesis, crop health and dry matter partitioning are among the most important factors influencing crop productivity and quality. Identifying variation in these parameters may help discover the plausible causes for crop productivity differences under various management practices and cropping systems. Thus, a 2-year (2019-2020) study was undertaken to investigate how far the integrated crop management (ICM) modules and cropping systems affect maize physiology, photosynthetic characteristics, crop vigour and productivity in a holistic manner. The treatments included nine main-plot ICM treatments [ICM1 to ICM4 - conventional tillage (CT)-based; ICM5 to ICM8 - conservation agriculture (CA)-based; ICM9 - organic agriculture (OA)-based] and two cropping systems, viz., maize-wheat and maize + blackgram-wheat in subplots. The CA-based ICM module, ICM7 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) improvements in the physiological parameters, viz., photosynthetic rate (42.56 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1), transpiration rate (9.88 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1) and net assimilation rate (NAR) (2.81 mg cm-2 day-1), crop vigour [NDVI (0.78), chlorophyll content (53.0)], dry matter partitioning toward grain and finally increased maize crop productivity (6.66 t ha-1) by 13.4-14.2 and 27.3-28.0% over CT- and OA-based modules. For maize equivalent grain yield (MEGY), the ICM modules followed the trend as ICM7 > ICM8 > ICM5 > ICM6 > ICM3 > ICM4 > ICM1 > ICM2 > ICM9. Multivariate and PCA analyses also revealed a positive correlation between physiological parameters, barring NAR and both grain and stover yields. Our study proposes an explanation for improved productivity of blackgram-intercropped maize under CA-based ICM management through significant improvements in physiological and photosynthetic characteristics and crop vigour. Overall, the CA-based ICM module ICM7 coupled with the maize + blackgram intercropping system could be suggested for wider adoption to enhance the maize production in semiarid regions of India and similar agroecologies across the globe.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/chemically induced , Cyclopentolate/adverse effects , Gait Ataxia/chemically induced , Hallucinations/chemically induced , Mydriatics/adverse effects , Speech Disorders/chemically induced , Absorption , Administration, Topical , Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology , Child, Preschool , Gait Ataxia/physiopathology , Hallucinations/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Ophthalmic Solutions , Speech Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Enteric fever is associated with a variety of clinical presentations and complications. Although central nervous system involvement is not uncommon in enteric fever, acute cerebellar ataxia as a presenting feature is rare. A 7-year-old boy with enteric fever who presented with acute cerebellar ataxia is reported.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Ataxia/etiology , Typhoid Fever/complications , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Cerebellar Ataxia/drug therapy , Child , Humans , Male , Typhoid Fever/drug therapyABSTRACT
Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is one of the most common and best known of all chromosomal disorders. Although major congenital malformations such as those of the heart and gastro-intestinal tract are commonly associated with DS, cerebral arteriovenous malformation with motor neurodeficits is rarely reported. A 2-year-old girl with DS presenting with right-sided hemiparesis and right partial seizures is reported. Computerised tomographic scan of the brain demonstrated features of cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
