Analysis of seroconversion following COVID-19 vaccination among multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies in Poland.

CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the world has highlighted the importance of vaccinations to control the pandemic and to protect people at risk for severe disease courses. Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS), whether immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive, may affect the immune response. Therefore, the question arose as to whether these vaccinations would be effective. AIM OF THE STUDY: We planned a study to assess the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines by type of therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were recruited from 14 Polish MS centres. The data was obtained by neurologists using a questionnaire. We collected data on 353 MS patients (269 females, 84 males) who received complete primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. All persons with MS (PwMS) were treated with disease-modifying therapies. RESULTS: 305 out of 353 PwMS (86.4%) were positive for IgG Abs against SARS-CoV-2 S domain S1 Ag after vaccination. A strong immune response was noted in 129 PwMS (36.5%). The rate of seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PwMS who received immunomodulatory DMTs (interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab) was 91.5%, in PwMS receiving immune reconstruction therapy (alemtuzumab, cladribine) was 92%, and in immunosuppressive DMTs (fingolimod, ocrelizumab), the seroconversion rate was 59%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study shows that, in PwMS receiving immunomodulatory therapy, the immune response to vaccination is generally excellent. Even in immunosuppressive patients, seroconversion is satisfactory.

Clinical and radiological consequences of delayed therapy escalation in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the clinical and radiological consequences of delayed escalation of therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), in whom, despite finding platform therapy ineffective, high-efficacy drugs were introduced with a delay. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a single-centre, observational study evaluating patients with RRMS for ineffectiveness of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Depending on the time of therapy escalation to high-efficacy drugs, the patients were divided into an early escalation or a late escalation group, both of which were then observed for 48 months. All patients underwent a neurological examination every six months and a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 12 months. The primary endpoint was a change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score during the observation period. The secondary endpoint was the time to 6-month confirmed disability progression (6mCDP). In addition, we analysed the annualised relapse rate and the cumulative number of new Gd+ and T2 lesions on brain MRI. RESULTS: 165 patients were qualified for the analysis. On treatment initiation, mean age was 38 years (± 10.9), and mean EDSS was 1.41 ± 0.38. After 48 months, there was a statistically insignificant decrease in the EDSS score in the early escalation group (-0.17 ± 0.35; p > 0.05), while in the late escalation group there was an increase in the EDSS score. The highest increase was noted in the group in which the escalation was performed with a delay of more than two years (1.2 ± 0.63; p < 0.001), and moreover 80% of patients in this group met the 6mCDP criteria. The median time to 6mCDP was 4.6 years (LESC1) and 4.5 years (LESC2) in the late escalation groups. In the early escalation group, zero subjects met the 6mCDP criteria after 48 months of observation. CONCLUSIONS: In everyday practice, the long-term outcomes in patients with RRMS and disease activity, despite DMT being used, are more favourable after early implementation of high-efficacy drugs. Delaying therapy escalation results in the accumulation of permanent disability in patients with RRMS.

Religious meaning system and life satisfaction: the mediating role of meaning in life among Polish people with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: The complexity of the associations between religiosity and indicators of well-being suggests the presence of a mediating mechanism. Previous studies indicate that religion may influence subjective well-being because it helps to find meaning and purpose. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the mediating role of the presence and search dimensions of meaning in life in the relationship between religious meaning system and life satisfaction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 600 MS patients recruited from Poland who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Religious Meaning System Questionnaire (RMS) and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Model 6 of Hayes PROCESS was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The results of our research indicate that there was a significant indirect effect of religious meaning system on life satisfaction through the presence of meaning in life. The specific indirect effect of religious meaning system on life satisfaction through searching for meaning in life was not significant. Discussion: The results of our study are relevant because they show that religion as a meaning system is positively related to the presence of meaning in life, which in turn positively predicts life satisfaction. This is particularly important in the case of incurable illness, where finding meaning in life is one of the natural stages of adaptation. By incorporating these findings into mental health practice, professionals can enhance the holistic well-being of people coping with MS and contribute to a more comprehensive and effective approach to mental health care.