[Particularities of adrenergic regulation and the function of cardiovascular system at remote periods after myocardial infarction in rats of different strains].

UNLABELLED: Heart function was studied in the August rats with innate raised sympathetic-adrenal system and in the Wistar rats through the period of 3 month after myocardial infarction. The sizes of the postinfarction scars were similar in the rats under comparison (56-62%) but end-diastolic pressure in Wistar rats and in August rats was 18.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg and 11.8 +/- 0.7 mm Hg. Under the maximum isometric load induced by the aorta coarctation, the work efficiency of the heart in the August rats was greater than in the Wistar rats. During the postinfarction period, plasma catecholamine (CA) in August rats was higher than in Wistar rats. In the adrenal glands, the CA contents in August rats increased and in Wistar rats decreased. The activity of CA resynthes in the adrenal glands and in the hypothalamus in August rats did not change and in Wistar rats increased. The blood contents of nitrate and nitrite and hemine oxygenase-1 level in the myocardium of August rats were increased in contrast to Wistar rats. THE CONCLUSION: the higher viability of the myocardium in August rats with long existing postinfarction cardiasclerosis is to a considerable extent associated with lowered activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system under more expressing activation of NO-system and antioxidant protection.

[The effects of adaptation to hypoxia on the resistance to neurodegenerative disorders in the brain of rats of different genetic strains].

The aim of the study was to compare the protective effects of adaptation to altitude hypoxia (AH) on neurodegenerative brain disorders (NBD) induced with infusion of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) into the brain (imitation of Alzheimer's disease) of rats belonging to two species: Wistar rats (WR) and August rats (AR). Previously it was shown by the authors that WR were less resistant to memory function impairment and open-field activities, induced with Abeta infusion compared with AR. This study showed that preliminary AH significantly restricted brain function impairment induced by Abeta in WR, so AH demonstrated the protective effect in WR. In contrast, in AR preliminary AH provoked those impairments induced by Abeta. The AH protective effect in WR was associated with activation of stress-limiting systems (antioxidant system, NO system). Lack of AH protective effect in AR was associated with lack of activation of these systems in these rats. Thus, the different AH effects on NBD development in WR and AR are obviously determined by hereditary peculiarities of stress-limiting systems in WR and AR.

Adaptation of the cardiovascular system to postinfarction cardiosclerosis in rats with congenital adrenoreactivity of the myocardium.

Three months after myocardial infarction the severity of heart failure and size of postinfarction scars in August rats with inherently reduced adrenoreactivity of the myocardium were similar to those in Wistar rats. The mortality rate in August rats was 2.5-fold lower than in Wistar rats. During the postinfarction period, myocardial adrenoreactivity in August rats remained lower, while the efficiency of cardiac function was 62% higher than in Wistar rats. The incidence of epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in August rats was much lower than in Wistar rats.

[Variability of hemodynamic parameters and resistance to stress damage in rats of different strains].

Total power of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity were significantly smaller in the August rats than in the Wistar rats, but adrenal and plasma catecholamine contents were considerably higher in the former ones. 1 hour after stress (30 min in cold water), plasma catecholamine was increased 2-fold in Wistar rats, while in August rats the adrenaline concentration increased only by 58% and the were no changes in noradrenaline content. At the same time, activation of catecholamine metabolism in the adrenal glands was similar in both groups. The oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide depressed the contractile function of isolated heart in the August rats to a smaller extent as compared to Wistar rats, control ones and after the cold-water stress. This effect correlated with more pronounced stability ofantioxidant enzymes in the August rats. It seems that the greater resistance to stress damage in the August rats is mediated by enhanced power of defense mechanisms both at systemic and cellular levels.

Resistance to neurodegenerative brain damage in August and Wistar rats.

In Wistar and August rats characterized by different resistance to acute emotional stress we compared the resistance to neurodegenerative brain damage (model of Alzheimers disease) produced by administration of a neurotoxic peptide fragment (25-35) beta-amyloid into the brain. August rats were more resistant to acute stress and development of neurodegenerative disorders compared to Wistar rats. This conclusion was derived from studying animal behavior in conditioned passive avoidance task and open-field test that characterize cognitive function of the brain. Administration of beta-amyloid modulated the behavior of Wistar rats, which reflected the impairment of memory and orientation and exploratory activity in these animals. These disturbances in Wistar rats were accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus.

Effect of stress on variability of systemic hemodynamics in rats of various genetic strains.

Power spectral density of heart rate fluctuations in the range of 0.02-5.00 Hz in August rats was lower than in Wistar rats. Changes in mean blood pressure and heart rate during stress (15-min immobilization) were similar in animals of both strains. As differentiated from Wistar rats, power spectral density of fluctuations in August rats considerably decreased after stress. August rats were characterized by low spectral power at rest and high resistance to the arrhythmogenic effect of 10-min acute myocardial ischemia.

Effect of long-term hypokinesia on monoamine system and antioxidant status of the brain.

Long-term hypokinesia (30 days) was accompanied by activation of the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems. Exhaustion of the antioxidant system was observed on days 10-30 of immobilization.

[Catecholamines, nitrogen oxide, and resistivity to stressor lesions: effect of adaptation to hypoxia]. / Katekholaminy, oksid azota i ustoichivost' k stressornym povrezhdeniiam: vliianie adaptatsii k gipoksii.

Pronouncement of stress-induced disturbance of searching behaviour (using "open field" test) and stomach ulceration were compared for the first time with activity of the catecholamine system in hypothalamus and striatum and also with activity of the stress-limiting system of nitric oxide (NO) in the rats of two strains August and Wistar, which differ in their resistance against stress-induced cardiovascular disorders. The effect of prior adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia on these disorders was also studied. August rats appeared to be more resistant than Wistar rats against stress-induced disturbance of the searching behaviour and stomach ulceration. Results of measuring the content of catecholamines in brain structures and the content of NO stable metabolites nitrate/nitrite in plasma suggested that these differences could be due to the stress activation of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system in August rats, which was not observed in Wistar rats, and also to the higher production of NO in August than in Wistar rats. Adaptation to hypoxia considerably restricted these stress disorders in rats of both strains. Importantly, the protective effects were associated with activation of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system in all the animals. In the result, adapted Wistar rats, as distinct from non-adapted Wistar rats, displayed a stress activation of this system. The protective effects of adaptation were also accompanied by an increased NO synthesis. Taken together, the data suggest an important role of the responsiveness of the brain dopaminergic system and NO system in the mechanism of resistance against stress-induced disturbances.

Adaptation to stress improves resistance to gastric damage during acute stress in Wistar rats and decreases resistance in August rats: role of serotonin.

In August rats more resistant to acute stress-induced gastric damage than Wistar rats, preadaptation to nondamaging stress exposure did not prevent damage and even potentiated these damages. By contrast, in Wistar rats such adaptation decreased gastric damage caused by acute stress. Higher initial resistance of August rats to stress damage was associated with higher serotonin level and lower norepinephrine/serotonin ratio in the gastric mucosa than in Wistar rats. The negative effect of adaptation in August rats was associated with decreased serotonin level and increased norepinephrine/serotonin ratio in the stomach during stress. In Wistar rats exposed to stress the protective effect of adaptation was associated with an increase of serotonin content and a decrease of the norepinephrine/serotonin ratio in the stomach. Hence, the degree of resistance to stress-induced gastric damage can be due to genetically determined serotonin level and norepinephrine/serotonin ratio in the stomach.

[Alterations in diurnal sleep structure, electrical activity, and neurochemical parameters of the rat brain induced by systemic injection of complete Freund adjuvant and immunization by bovine serum albumin with complete Freund adjuvant]. / Izmeneniia struktury dnevnogo sna, élektricheskoi aktivnosti i neirokhimicheskikh pokazatelei mozga krys pri sistemnom vvedenii zhivotnym polnogo ad''iuvanta Freinda i pri immunizatsii syvorotochnym al'buminom s polnym ad''iuvantom Freinda.

Investigations of the effects of animal immunization with immunogenesis stimulator Freund's adjuvant complete (alone or in combination with bovine serum albumin often used in control experiments) on brain electrical activity, sleep, and neurochemical parameters were carried out in male Wistar rats. It was shown that both injection of Freund's adjuvant complete alone (0.25 ml) and immunization with bovine serum albumin (2 mg/kg in 0.25 ml of saline) mixed with Freund's adjuvant complete (0.25 ml) led to an increase in the slow-wave and REM sleep. After injection of Freund's adjuvant alone, development of sleepiness was gradual and reached its maximum within 3-5 weeks, while after the combined treatment the alterations in the sleep structure became pronounced already 1 week after the first antigen injection and persisted at least for 5 weeks. Neurochemical analysis revealed no significant changes in the noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin content in striatum and frontal neocortex after the injection of Freund's adjuvant. After the combined treatment, the serotonin content in these structures decreased. After the Freund's adjuvant injection, the dynamics of changes in power spectra of the brain electrical activity of different brain structure in the state of quiet wakefulness was complicated. Increase in the slow-wave activity in the delta 1 range (1-2 Hz) in caudate putamen, basomedial nucleus of amygdala, and sensorimotor cortex was observed in the animals immunized with bovine serum albumin mixed with Freund's adjuvant complete 1 week after the antigen injection and later on during the whole observation period. This was probably associated with an adaptive increase in the functional activity of serotoninergic system.

[The role of stress proteins HSP70 and the adrenergic system in different resistance to myocardial infarction of August and Wistar genetic rat strains]. / Rol' stress-belkov HSP 70 i adrenergicheskoi sistemy v razlichnoi ustoichivosti k infarktu miokarda krys geneticheskikh linii Avgust i Vistar.

A lesser resistance against myocardial infarction (MI) in the Wistar rats as compared with the August rats was found to be combined with a greater stress-response and activation of the heart sympathetic regulation in the former rats. In the Wistar rats and not in August rats, an activation of hypothalamic noradrenaline (NA) system occurs as well as a greater "output" of the NA from sympathetic terminals in the myocardium. Accumulation of the HSP 70 stress-proteins in IM in the myocardium is nearly 2-2.5-fold lesser in the Wistar rats. Thereupon, different resistance against the IM in Wistar and August rats seems to be due to a genetically determine differences in intensity of the stress-response, activation of the heart sympathetic regulation in the IM, and production of the HSP 70 protective stress-proteins in the myocardium.

[The effect of active immunization with a conjugate of dopamine and bovine serum albumin on the development of an experimental MPTP-induced depressive syndrome and on the monoamine metabolism in the brain of rats]. / Vliianie aktivnoi immunizatsii kon''iugatom dofamina s bych'im syvorotochnym al'buminom na razvitie éksperimental'nogo MFTP-indutsirovannogo depressivnogo sindroma i obmen monoaminov v golovnom mozge u krys.

Active immunization with dopamine conjugated with bovine serum albumin (DA-BSA) or BSA with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) partly suppressed the development of the MPTP-induced depressive syndrome in rats preventing the appearance of "behavioral despair" symptoms: increase in immobility time and higher index of depression in forced-swim test. In DA-BSA-immunized rats the content of DOPA, DA, HVA, NA, and 5-HN in caudate putamen and that of NA in the frontal cortex was increased, while in BSA-immunized rats the content of 5-HT in both brain areas and that of DOPAC in the frontal cortex was decreased both in rats with reduced depressive syndrome and in saline control as compared with intact animals a day after the last drug injection. In DA-BSA-immunized rats with reduced depressive syndrome the increase in DA and 5-HT content in caudate putamen was less expressed and DOPAC content was lower than in saline control. In BSA-immunized depressive rats DA content in the frontal cortex was also reduced as compared to control.

[Metabolism of catecholamines in children with attention deficit syndrome with hyperactivity]. / Issledovanie osobennostei obmena katekholaminov u detei s sindromom defitsita vnimaniia i giperaktivnost'iu.

UNLABELLED: The aim of research was to study catecholamine excretion peculiarities of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 25 children at the age of 7-9 years took part in this research. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for measuring the content of catecholamine. The content of catecholamine was defined in the morning samples of urine. The examination showed, that ADHD children had the basal level of epinephrine and norepinephrine more than the normal control in 3.9 and 5.4 times. After cognitive tests the content of norepinephrine reduced in the ADHD group in 2.1 times in the comparison with normal control. On the contrary content of epinephrine increased in 2.8 times. CONCLUSION: Simpatico-adrenal system hyperactivity (especially it's adrenals component) characterized ADHD children.

[The effect of pharmacopuncture on the blood biochemical indices of patients with tunnel syndromes of the hands]. / Vliianie farmakopunktury na biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi bol'nykh s tunnel'nymi sindromami ruk.

Concentrations of serotonin, beta-endorphine, myoglobin, basic myelin protein were measured in blood of patients with tunnel hand syndromes treated by actovegin or physiological solution pharmacopuncture and acupuncture to the same acupuncture points (AP). The above biochemical indices showed similar changes in pharmacopuncture with actovegin and the solution. These changes were different in acupuncture. This indicates specificity of AP stimulation by introduction of fluid, but not specificity of drug effects.

[The effect of scalp acupuncture on the blood biochemical indices of healthy volunteers]. / Vliianie skal'popunktury na biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi zdorovykh dobrovol'tsev.

Scalp acupuncture effects on blood biochemistry were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The results provided evidence for the absence of negative changes in function of neurohumoral systems of the body which may become factors of risk for patients with thrombogenic disturbances of cerebral circulation.

[Effects of piracetam on pain sensitivity and levels of beta-endorphin in blood and cAMP in the cerebral cortex of rats]. / Vliianie piratsetama na bolevuiu chuvstvitel'nost', uroven' beta-éndorfina v krovi i tsAMF v kore golovnogo mozga krys.

It has been shown, that piracetam by i.p. injection (10, 100, 400 mg/kg) or by consumption with drinking water 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg/day during 12 days delays extinction of conditioned reflex of passive avoidance and dose-dependence elevates exploratory activity in "open field", pain sensitivity threshold reduces to 70-75%. Prolonged consumption of 1000 mg/kg/day piracetam results in 3-fold decrease of beta-endorphin concentration in plasma (p less than 0.01) and 100 mg/kg/day--in 35% increase of cAMP content in rat brain cortex.

[Changes in pain reactions and 3H-naloxone binding to opiate receptors of the hypothalamus and midbrain in rats after repeated swimming in cold water]. / Izmenenie bolevykh reaktsii i sviazyvaniia 3H-naloksona s opiatnymi retseptorami gipotalamusa i srednego mozga krys posle mnogokratnogo plavaniia v kholodnoi vode.

The dynamics of nociceptive reactions and character of 3H-naloxone binding to hypothalamus and midbrain synaptic membranes were studied in rats subjected to repeated cold swim stress (3 min. daily during 3, 5 and 15 days). It was shown that an increase of latencies of background nociceptive reactions (hot-plate and tail-flick tests) was accompanied by an ambiguous changes of kinetic parameters of 3H-naloxone binding in the studied brain structures. The results suggest that an increase of antinociceptive systems tone under repeated cold swim stress may be caused by a dynamic transformation of opiate u-receptor apparatus in various brain structures.

[The ratio of the contents of beta-endorphin, adrenaline and noradrenaline in the hypothalamus of rats with an experimental stomach ulcer and during acupuncture]. / Sootnoshenie soderzhaniia beta-éndorfina, adrenalina i noradrenalina v gipotalamuse mozga krys pri éksperiemntal'noi iazve zheludka i akupunkture.

In white rats with experimental ulcer of the stomach, a single session of acupuncture (AP) considerably increased the contents of beta-endorphine (ED) and adrenaline (A) in the hypothalamus. Repeated AP sessions aided to a progressive decrease in the ED, A and noradrenaline (NA) levels. The AP did not change essentially the dynamics of ED, A and NA by itself. The ulcer pathology against the background of AP sessions is accompanied by a change in activity of hypothalamic systems of the ED, A and NA, and by a formation of a specific neurochemical profile changing in time.