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1.
Sci Rep ; 6: 29913, 2016 07 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27418428

ABSTRACT

We aimed to analyse the genetic diversity of Romanian wild boars and to compare it with that from other wild boar and pig populations from Europe and Asia. Partial sequencing of the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome b (MT-CYB) gene from 36 Romanian wild boars and 36 domestic pigs (Mangalitza, Bazna and Vietnamese breeds) showed that the diversity of Romanian wild boars and Mangalitza pigs is fairly reduced, and that most of the members of these two populations share a common MT-CYB haplotype. Besides, in strong contrast with the Bazna animals, Romanian wild boars and Mangalitza swine did not carry Asian variants at the MT-CYB locus. The autosomal genotyping of 18 Romanian wild boars with the Illumina Porcine SNP60 BeadChip revealed that their genetic background is fundamentally European, even though signs of a potential Near Eastern ancestry (~25%) were detectable at K = 4 (the most significant number of clusters), but not at higher K-values. Admixture analysis also showed that two wild boars are of a hybrid origin, which could be explained by the mating of feral animals with domestic pigs. Finally, a number of Romanian wild boars displayed long runs of homozygosity, an observation that is consistent with the occurrence of past population bottlenecks and the raise of inbreeding possibly due to overhunting or to the outbreak of infectious diseases.


Subject(s)
Genetics, Population , Phylogeny , Sus scrofa/genetics , Animals , Genetic Variation , Genome , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Mitochondria/genetics , Romania
2.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 18(1): 49-57, 2010 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19827013

ABSTRACT

There is currently controversy surrounding the effectiveness of universal versus selective prevention in eating disorders (ED). The present study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of universal school-based ED prevention administered to female secondary school students (n = 349). Students received either the full prevention programme (learning basic concepts of nutrition, criticism of aesthetic models of beauty emphasising extreme thinness, media literacy (ML)), a partial version of the programme (without nutritional education), or no prevention programme. Students were also classified on the presence or absence of distinct risk factors for ED: Early menarche, overweight, dieting, negative attitudes to food and perceived pressure to be thin. Pre-test data were collected 1 week prior to implementation of the prevention programme, and post-test data were collected on the last day of the programme. Results suggested that both the full and partial prevention programmes reduced perceived pressure to be thin and improved eating attitudes and knowledge of nutrition in all the participants (regardless of risk); however, greater effect sizes were found among particular high-risk groups (early menarche, overweight and highly influenced by aesthetic models of beauty emphasising extreme thinness). School-based programmes of universal intervention may have an important role to play in the prevention of ED.


Subject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders/prevention & control , Health Education/methods , Program Evaluation , School Health Services , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Humans , Risk Factors , Schools , Spain , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 7(3): 101-108, jul. 2004. tab, ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35440

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es integrar los datos acumulados sobre burnout (BO), para iniciar un proceso de planificación de riesgos psicosociales en el ámbito sanitario. Para ello nos hemos propuesto determinar cuantitativamente: (a) las tendencias de productividad y (b) el perfil genérico de los estudios sobre burnout en personal sanitario. Método: Se han utilizado procedimientos derivados del análisis bibliométrico y de las técnicas de análisis de contenido. El tratamiento de los datos se ha realizado con el gestor bibliográfico EBLA 3.0 y el paquete de análisis estadístico SPSS 11.0. Resultados: Se han seleccionado 11.620 registros en un período de revisión situado entre 1990 y 2001. La mayor parte de los autores y más de la mitad de las revistas indexadas tan sólo han publicado un artículo durante el intervalo considerado. Muchas de esas publicaciones van dirigidas al sector de la enfermería, y no examinan la profesión médica. Analizando el contenido de los resúmenes se observa que casi las dos terceras partes aportan datos empíricos al estudio del BO, el 90 por ciento de los cuales analiza su impacto, el 6 por ciento evalúa tratamientos y sólo el 3,6 por ciento desarrolla instrumentos para su medición. Conclusiones: El perfil predominante de la producción sobre BO en personal sanitario es el trabajo empírico, encaminado a evaluar factores de riesgo, prevalencia o consecuencias del síndrome, basado en un diseño transversal y realizado con muestras inferiores a los 200 casos. La profesión sanitaria más presente en la literatura científica hasta el momento es la enfermería (AU)


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Health Occupations/classification , Occupational Risks , Efficiency , Work/psychology , Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Stress, Physiological/diagnosis , Stress, Physiological/psychology , Societies , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Data Collection/methods , Data Collection , Information Storage and Retrieval
4.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 11(3): 141-149, abr. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34914

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, el dolor crónico se contempla no como un fenómeno meramente físico sino como un trastorno claramente influenciado por factores psicológicos y sociales. Si queremos que el tratamiento del dolor se encuentre acorde con esta concepción, deberemos abordar diferentes aspectos tanto médicos, como psicológicos y sociales. Las técnicas a aplicar deberán ser interdisciplinares. En un trabajo realizado durante los años 2001 y 2002, pudimos comprobar la eficacia de un programa interdisciplinar en el tratamiento del dolor de espalda crónico. Con el objetivo de corroborar dicha eficacia mediante un diseño distinto, diseñamos la presente investigación. Material y métodos: Los sujetos fueron 14 pacientes con dolor de espalda crónico. Todos los pacientes asistieron a un programa educativo interdisciplinar en el que se abordaron multitud de aspectos biopsicosociales a través de sesiones impartidas por distintos profesionales (anestesistas, traumatólogos, psicólogos de la salud, sexólogos, trabajadores sociales y fisioterapeutas). La eficacia se evaluó a través de un diseño intrasujetos de medidas repetidas. Concretamente las evaluaciones que se llevaron a cabo fueron cuatro. Dos anteriores al programa, y dos una vez finalizado el mismo. Los periodos temporales entre las evaluaciones fueron de tres meses. En todas las evaluaciones, se midió: el dolor, la ansiedad y la depresión. En la segunda y tercera evaluación, se preguntó sobre la disminución de toma de medicación analgésica. Así mismo en la tercera evaluación, justo al finalizar el programa, se evaluó la opinión de los pacientes acerca del programa. Los resultados apoyan la eficacia del programa ya que se logró disminuir de forma estadísticamente significativa y, en muchos casos, también clínicamente significativa la depresión y la ansiedad. El 35,7 por ciento de los sujetos disminuyó la toma de analgésicos. Los cambios que se lograron a través del programa se mantuvieron transcurridos tres meses después del mismo. La opinión de todos los pacientes respecto a la técnica interdisciplinar fue claramente positiva. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados corroboraron la eficacia del programa demostrada en nuestro estudio anterior. Los resultados de ambas investigaciones apoyando la eficacia del programa, al provenir de diseños diferentes, adquieren mayor solidez (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Low Back Pain/rehabilitation , Pain Clinics , Anxiety Disorders/therapy , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies
5.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol ; 109(9): 819-22, 2000 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11007083

ABSTRACT

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD), a disabling focal dystonia involving the laryngeal musculature, is most commonly treated by the intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BTX). Although the treatment is well tolerated and generally produces clinical voice improvement, it has never been statistically shown to alter the patient's perception of voice quality or general health. Declining resources for medical care mandate that treatment outcomes be documented. A prospective analysis of the effects of BTX on the patient's perception of voice and general health was undertaken. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) surveys were administered to patients before treatment and 1 month after. Pretreatment and posttreatment scores were analyzed with a Student's t-test. On the VHI, improvements in the patients' perception of their functional, physical, and emotional voice handicap reached statistical significance (p < or = .0005). On the SF-36, patients had statistically significant improvements in mental health (p < or = .03) and social functioning (p < or = .04). Treatment of SD with BTX significantly lessened the patients' perception of dysphonia. In addition, it improved their social functioning and their perception of their mental health. These outcome measures justify the continued treatment of SD with BTX.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Laryngeal Muscles/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Spasm/physiopathology , Voice Disorders/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Spasm/complications , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Voice Disorders/complications , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Voice Quality
6.
J Voice ; 14(1): 119-34, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10764124

ABSTRACT

Granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm that may involve the larynx. It is almost always benign. Laryngologists should be familiar with this unusual tumor, its implications and appropriate treatment.


Subject(s)
Granular Cell Tumor/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Female , Granular Cell Tumor/surgery , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngoscopy/methods , Male , Middle Aged
8.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 40(3): 225-7, 1989.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2631890

ABSTRACT

The soft-tissue sarcomas are rarely encountered in the larynx. A case the undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma of the larynx is presented, analyzing, the clinical features, the diagnosis and incidence into the laryngeal carcinoma. The prognosis and therapeutic measures are also discussed.


Subject(s)
Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Sarcoma/pathology , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Radiotherapy Dosage , Sarcoma/therapy
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