Assessing the efficacy of the 'Bicho De 7 Cabeças' B-learning school-based program in enhancing mental health literacy and reducing stigma.

The prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents has a considerable impact on daily life, restricting tasks and diminishing overall quality of life while potentially leading to stigmatization. This study aims to measure the impact of a mental health literacy intervention program, called "Bicho de 7 Cabeças" project, in b-learning format, on the increase of knowledge and the decrease of stigma in young people from Póvoa de Varzim, in Portugal. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, from November 2022 to May 2023, involving an experimental group ("Bicho de 7 Cabeças" protocol) and an active control group (informational brochures), utilizing a pre-test/post-test design. Mental Health Literacy Measure-MHLM, Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale-MHPK-10, Mental Illness Knowledge Schedule-MAKS, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale-RIBS, and Community Attitudes toward People with Mental Illness-CAMI were used. A total of 504 young students from the 9th grade enroll in this study, with a mean age around 14 years old. There is a significant difference between stigma (p <.001) and knowledge (p <.001) scores at baseline and follow-up. The results of this study shows that interventions aimed at young people for the promotion of mental health literacy and stigma reduction are needed and more initiatives should be implemented in schools to address these problems.

Tuning the Diradical Character of Pentacene Derivatives via Non-Benzenoid Coupling Motifs.

The development of functional organic molecules requires structures of increasing size and complexity, which are typically obtained by the covalent coupling of smaller building blocks. Herein, with the aid of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory, the coupling of a sterically demanded pentacene derivative on Au(111) into fused dimers connected by non-benzenoid rings was studied. The diradical character of the products was tuned according to the coupling section. In particular, the antiaromaticity of cyclobutadiene as the coupling motif and its position within the structure play a decisive role in shifting the natural orbital occupancies toward a stronger diradical electronic character. Understanding these structure-property relations is desirable not only for fundamental reasons but also for designing new complex and functional molecular structures.

Mental Health Literacy and Stigma in a Municipality in the North of Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Portugal has Europe's second-highest prevalence of psychiatric illnesses, and this is the reason why mental health literacy (MHL) and stigma should be addressed. This study aimed to investigate the mental health literacy and stigma levels among different groups of people from Póvoa de Varzim, a municipality in the north of Portugal. Students, retired people, and professionals (education, social, and healthcare fields) were recruited using a convenience sample from June to November 2022. Participants' MHL levels were evaluated using the Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale (MHPK), Mental Health Literacy Measure (MHLM) and Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS). Stigma levels were evaluated using Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS). A total of 928 questionnaires were filed. The respondents included 65.70% of women, a mean age of 43.63 (±26.71) years and 9.87 (±4.39) years of school education. MHL increased with age, education level and was higher in women (p < 0.001). A higher level of MHL was seen in health professionals (p < 0.001). Findings revealed that older people stigmatized people with mental illness more (p < 0.001), and the female gender stigmatize less (p < 0.001). In addition, results showed that stigma decreased with higher mental health literacy (r between 0.11 and 0.38; p < 0.001). To conclude, specific campaigns that promote mental health literacy should be tailored to specific profiles within this population to address those that have more stigma.

Room-Temperature C-C σ-Bond Activation of Biphenylene Derivatives on Cu(111).

Activating the strong C-C σ-bond is a central problem in organic synthesis. Directly generating activated C centers by metalation of structures containing strained four-membered rings is one maneuver often employed in multistep syntheses. This usually requires high temperatures and/or precious transition metals. In this paper, we report an unprecedented C-C σ-bond activation at room temperature on Cu(111). By using bond-resolving scanning probe microscopy, we show the breaking of one of the C-C σ-bonds of a biphenylene derivative, followed by insertion of Cu from the substrate. Chemical characterization of the generated species was complemented by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and their reactivity was explained by density functional theory calculations. To gain further insight into this unique reactivity on other coinage metals, the reaction pathway on Ag(111) was also investigated and the results were compared with those on Cu(111). This study offers new synthetic routes that may be employed in the in situ generation of activated species for the on-surface synthesis of novel C-based nanostructures.

Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges.

Carbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties-such as localized electronic states and spins-with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures however are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable integration into devices for practical purposes. Here we show two chemical protection/deprotection strategies, demonstrated on labile, air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons. Upon hydrogenation, the chiral graphene nanoribbons survive exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure by annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a form of the chiral graphene nanoribbons that is functionalized with ketone side groups. This oxidized form is chemically stable and can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form by hydrogenation and annealing. In both cases, the deprotected chiral graphene nanoribbons regain electronic properties similar to those of the pristine nanoribbons. We believe both approaches may be extended to other graphene nanoribbons and carbon-based nanostructures.

Promoting Reminiscences with Virtual Reality Headsets: A Pilot Study with People with Dementia.

This study aimed to explore the feasibility and effects of promoting reminiscences, using virtual reality (VR) headsets for viewing 360° videos with personal relevance, with people with dementia. A study with a mixed methods design was conducted with nine older adults diagnosed with dementia. Interventions consisted of four sessions, in which the participants' engagement, psychological and behavioral symptoms, and simulation sickness symptoms were evaluated. Neuropsychiatric symptomatology and quality of life were measured pre- and post-intervention. Caregivers were interviewed regarding the effect of the approach. In most cases, participants appeared to enjoy the sessions, actively explored the 360° environment, and shared memories associated with the depicted locations, often spontaneously. There were no cases of significant increases in simulator sickness and psychological and behavioral symptoms during sessions, with only some instances of minor eyestrain, fullness of head, anxiety, irritability, and agitation being detected. Although there were no significant changes in the measured outcomes after intervention, the caregivers assessed the experience as potentially beneficial for most participants. In this study, promoting reminiscences with VR headsets was found to be a safe and engaging experience for people with dementia. However, future studies are required to better understand the added value of immersion, using VR, in reminiscence therapy.

Espaço do berçário: contribuições de um programa de acompanhamento / Organization of child care space: contributions of a monitoring program / Espacio de la guardería: contribuciones de un programa de seguimiento

Este estudo investigou as contribuições de um programa de acompanhamento com educadoras, baseado na abordagem pikleriana, para a organização dos espaços do berçário e para a interação educadora-bebê. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com seis educadoras de berçário de duas creches públicas, que participaram de seis encontros individuais. Seis meses após o término do acompanhamento, as educadoras responderam a uma entrevista, cujas respostas foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo qualitativa. As educadoras relataram mudanças na organização do espaço físico, dos móveis e objetos, bem como uma melhor qualidade da interação educadora-bebê, percebida ao propiciar autonomia e dar mais atenção individualizada nos momentos de cuidados. Os resultados sugerem que o acompanhamento possibilitou mudanças na organização do berçário, que puderam apoiar a interação educadora-bebê e contribuir para a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil

The present study investigated the contributions of a monitoring program for educators based on the Piklerian approach for the organization of child care spaces and for the child-educator interaction. Six educators of two public child care center participated in six individual meetings. Six months after the end of mentoring, the educators were interviewed and the answers were examined through qualitative content analysis: child care space characteristics and educator-child interaction. The educators reported changes in the organization of the physical space, furniture and objects. The teachers also reported a better quality of the educator-child interaction, perceived in their own attitudes providing autonomy, organizing space based on children needs, as well as giving more individualized attention to them in times of care. The results suggest that monitoring could make changes in the child care organization that could support the educator-child interaction and contribute to the promotion of child development

Este estudio investigó las contribuciones de un programa de seguimiento con educadoras, basado en el enfoque pikleriano, para la organización de los espacios de guardería y para la interacción educadora-bebé. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples con seis educadoras de dos guarderías públicas, que participaron de seis encuentros individuales. Seis meses después del término del seguimiento, las educadoras respondieron a una entrevista, cuyas respuestas fueron examinadas por medio del análisis de contenido cualitativo. Las educadoras relataron cambios en la organización del espacio físico, de los muebles y objetos, así como una mejor calidad de la interacción educadora-bebé, percibida al propiciar autonomía y dar más atención individualizada en los momentos de cuidados. Los resultados sugieren que el seguimiento posibilitó cambios en la organización de la guardería, que pudieron apoyar la interacción educadora-bebé y contribuir a la promoción del desarrollo infantil

Effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre source on lambs growth, meat quality and biohydrogenation intermediates.

With this trial we have tested the effects of structural and chemical composition of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the diet on lamb fatty acid composition of meat and subcutaneous fat. Twenty lambs, were fed complete diets with low starch and similar NDF content of different origin (ground alfalfa or soybean hulls). Animal performance and product quality were not affected by treatments. Rumen pH increased and parakeratosis intensity decreased with the level of alfalfa in the diet. Increasing the alfalfa proportion in the diet decreased t10-18:1 (P = .023), increased t11-18:1 (P = .003) and decreased the t10/t11 ratio according to a quadratic pattern (P = .020). Chemical composition and structure of the diet's fibrous fraction influenced the BI pattern of the final product. Forty percent of alfalfa in diet reduced the severity of t10-shift, but for its full resolution, other factors should be considered including forage particle size and buffering capacity of the diet.

Depressão pós-parto materna e o envolvimento paterno no primeiro ano do bebê / Maternal postpartum depression and father involvement in the first year of the child

O presente estudo investigou o envolvimento do pai no primeiro ano do bebê no contexto da depressão pós-parto materna (DPP). Foram entrevistados 11 pais (23 a 44 anos), cujas mães apresentavam indicadores de DPP. As entrevistas foram realizadas através de uma análise de conteúdo baseada nas três dimensões do conceito de envolvimento paterno: interação, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Os resultados revelaram que as interações pai-bebê perpassavam as situações de brincadeira e cuidado. Contudo, os cuidados do bebê eram realizados mais eventualmente e somente com a solicitação da mãe. Também apareceram sentimentos de incompetência e insegurança frente aos cuidados, preocupação com o estado emocional da mãe e com a sua sobrecarga. Os pais também relataram limitações de tempo para auxiliar a mãe nos cuidados com a criança, atribuindo a ela a maior responsabilidade pelo filho. Os resultados sugerem que no contexto da DPP o pai pode também estar fragilizado e pode apresentar dificuldades em suprir as demandas maternas de apoio emocional e instrumental, assim como para se envolver com o bebê.

The present study investigated father's involvement in infant's first year in the context of the maternal postpartum depression (PPD). Eleven fathers from 23 to 44 years participated in this study, whose wives presented PPD symptoms were interviewed. The interviews were examined through content analyzes, based on three dimensions of father involvement: interaction, accessibility and responsibility. Results showed that interactions between father-infant pervaded situations of playing and care giving. However, the latter were less often and most commonly were done upon the request of the mother. Feelings of incompetence and insecurity about the care concern for the emotional state of the mother and her overhead also were reported. Father also showed problems regarding time to assist the mother in care giving for the child, pointing for the mother the greatest responsibility for the child. The results suggest that in the context of DDD the father may be so weakened as the mother and thus he may have difficulties in coping with the demands of emotional and instrumental maternal support, as well as to engage with the child.