[Polypragmasia and interdrug interactions as risk factors of falling in elderly patients.]

This article presents the results of the analysis of data from patients over 75 years of age from a multidisciplinary hospital with cardiovascular disease and comorbid conditions. Pharmacotherapy of gerontological patients with multiple risk factors for falls was analysed in terms of the presence of polypragmasy and drug-drug interactions hazardous to the risk of falls. In the group of patients who experienced a fall in hospital compared to patients without a fall, the prescription lists audit showed a predominance of medicines (drugs) and drug combinations compromised by an increased risk of this serious adverse event. An audit of prescriptions of patients at increased risk of falls as a means of combating polypharmacy and identifying drugs that may cause falls can be conducted using the «Traffic light classification of FRIDs¼ and drug checkers to identify clinically relevant combinations. The use of these clinical and pharmacological tools can improve the quality and safety of medical care in a hospital setting.

[Effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of elderly patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction.]

At all stages of recovery after myocardial infarction (MI), the expansion of physical activity of elderly patients is one of the most important components. Of course, certain restrictions can reduce the load on the myocardium, reduce its oxygen needs and create conditions for early healing. Subsequently, depending on the dynamics and indicators of the cardiovascular system, the elderly patient is transferred from one stage of activity to another, the level of blood pressure, the number of heartbeats, the presence of arrhythmia, electrocardiogram data, EchoCG data, as well as individual load tolerance are evaluated. To date, there is a huge selection of optimal options for selecting methods of medical rehabilitation for elderly patients who have suffered a MI, and one of them is mechanotherapy. The mechanical therapy program of the David Back Concept complex - strength training is a set of simulators for working on the back muscles. The medical and diagnostic complex is designed for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, as well as for the rehabilitation of patients after surgical interventions and spinal injuries. Medical rehabilitation of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and after a MI through mechanotherapy, the program of the David Back Concept complex, provides for the restoration of their physical and social status to an optimally achievable level, determined by the capabilities of adaptive mechanisms.

[Features of the formation of disability due to coronary heart disease in people of retirement age in the Russian Federation in the period 2006-2017.]

The article analyzes the structure and dynamics of disability due to coronary heart disease of the Russian Federation at the retirement age in the period 2006-2017. Revealed the prevalence in the structure disabilities of retirement age in all years of the study. Their total number is large - 2,3 million and constantly decreases. The level of disability in this age group is high, in the first years of the study it is much less than the level of middle-aged disabilities, but in recent years they differ slightly. The structure of disability of retirement age since 2010 is formed by re-recognized disabled people.

[Initiation of pharmacotherapy as a risk factor for older patients.]

The article presents the literature and original data on the problems of falls in elderly patients. The connection of the fact of falling with initiation of therapy by a number of drugs known to have a negative impact on the risk of falling is considered. The article presents data on the frequency and structure of falls on the example of patients with cardiovascular diseases older than 75 years, treated in a multidisciplinary hospital. The analysis of the data showed a tendency of prevalence of the fact of falling in 1/3 patients (33,8%) in the first 5 days of hospital stay, which may be associated with high drug burden and the appointment of «new¼ drugs for the patient. The study noted that it was on the first day that the selection of therapy took place and additional drugs were often prescribed, leading to a state of polypragmasia. Analysis of individual groups of drugs was able to reliably confirm the relationship between the appointment of drugs that increase.

[Optimizing nutrition of older people as a mean of preventing premature aging].

The review presents data on the characteristics of construction of the diet of older persons. It is shown that inadequate nutrition is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gout and others that contribute to premature aging. Optimization of the diet should be considered as one of the areas of prevention and rehabilitation of these diseases and the prevention of premature aging. Attention is drawn to the age peculiar properties of the energy value of the diet, the content and the ratio of macronutrients in it. Modern data on the recommended daily intake of micronutrients -vitamins, minerals and trace elements for the elderly are presented. From the positions of the theory of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and high-calorie nutrition, it is considered expedient to include products containing antioxidant ingredients: vitamins, trace elements and minor biologically active food components in the diet.

[Application of heated oxygen-helium mixture for combined treatment of community-acquired pneumonia].

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the commonest infectious disease characterized by the high lethality rate. The aim of this work was to estimate the efficacy of introducing inhalation of heated oxygen-helium mixture (thermoheliox) into standard therapy of CAP. The study included 50 patients with moderately severe CAP 25 patients of group 1 were given standard therapy plus thermoheliox, those of group 2 were treated by standard method. Group 1 showed faster disappearance of symptoms and physical signs including inflammatory changes (chemiluminescence of whole blood) and cardiac rhythm variability as well as more complete recovery of pneumonia upon X-ray examination. It is concluded that thermoheliox is an effective agent for pathogenetic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia.

Patterns and inventories of radioactive contamination of island sites of the Yenisey River, Russia.

The distribution of radioactive contamination at three island sites downstream from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC) was studied with the objectives of mapping contamination levels, interpreting radionuclide distributions through consideration of alluvial processes and determining radionuclide inventories. Contamination was measured using in situ gamma spectrometry and landforms characterised using topographic surveying methods. Maximum (137)Cs contamination densities (700 kBq m(-2)) were found on low- and middle-level floodplains and low-lying interconnecting areas of Beriozovy Island (16 km from the KMCC). On Mikhin Island (180 km from the KMCC) maximum total (60)Co, (152)Eu and (154)Eu activity concentrations (30-40 kBq m(-2)) occur in low-lying areas inundated during flooding. Maximum (137)Cs and total (60)Co, (152)Eu and (154)Eu contamination densities on Cheriomukhov Island (250 km from the KMCC) were 390 and 50 kBq m(-2), respectively. Estimated (137)Cs inventories were 145, 148 and 16GBq for Beriozovy, Mikhin and Cheriomukhov Islands, respectively.

Radioactive contamination of the Balchug (Upper Yenisey) floodplain, Russia in relation to sedimentation processes and geomorphology.

The radioactive contamination of a riverine floodplain, heavily influenced by discharges from Krasnoyarsk-26, has been studied with respect to sedimentation processes and the geomorphology of the Upper Yenisey floodplain. The study was effected by implementation of a regime of in situ observations and measurements, sampling, and the interpretation of satellite images. The results of the study indicate that on the Balchug Bypass Floodplain, radionuclide contamination is primarily influenced by the thickness of the deposited sediments, and the area can be considered as two depositional environments. The Balchug floodplain area was contaminated due to sedimentation of radionuclide-contaminated alluvium, whose depositional regime significantly changed after the construction of a hydroelectric power station in 1967. Contamination levels are lower on the upstream part of the floodplain where sediment depth is less than 0.2-0.3 m, and this contamination started to accumulate in 1967, while the downstream part of the floodplain, exhibiting deeper deposits, displays higher levels of radionuclide contamination because radionuclides began to deposit here in 1958 when the Krasnoyarsk-26 Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC) commenced operation. Radionuclide contamination of the floodplain is also related to the elevation of the floodplain, higher regions of the floodplain typically having lower contamination than low-lying areas, which tend to be frequently inundated with sediments being deposited during such inundations. Local relief, its orientation, and vegetation cover have also combined to form sediment traps with significantly higher radionuclide contamination. Lithological analysis combined with radiometric assay indicates a total 137Cs floodplain inventory of 33.7 GBq.

[Perspective in the development and supply of equipment for xenon anesthesia].

Basic trends in development of methods and equipment for xenon-saving anesthesia are discussed. Brief description of specifications of equipment for xenon anesthesia is given. Unique models of domestic medical devices are briefly described together with methods of their adaptation to commercial equipment for anesthesia. Prospects in further upgrade of the equipment for xenon anesthesia are discussed.

Complexity: an internet resource for analysis of DNA sequence complexity.

The search for DNA regions with low complexity is one of the pivotal tasks of modern structural analysis of complete genomes. The low complexity may be preconditioned by strong inequality in nucleotide content (biased composition), by tandem or dispersed repeats or by palindrome-hairpin structures, as well as by a combination of all these factors. Several numerical measures of textual complexity, including combinatorial and linguistic ones, together with complexity estimation using a modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm, have been implemented in a software tool called 'Complexity' (http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/programs/low_complexity/). The software enables a user to search for low-complexity regions in long sequences, e.g. complete bacterial genomes or eukaryotic chromosomes. In addition, it estimates the complexity of groups of aligned sequences.

[Clinical and experimental study of xenon anesthesia]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'nye issledovaniia anestezii ksenonom.

Narcotic effect of inert gas xenon (Xe) was discovered more than 50 years ago. The main causes limiting its clinical application are high price, low availability (in nature the gas is present in scarce amounts), and absence of preclinical trials sufficient for norm-setting documents and further solutions allowing clinical trials of Xe. Results of original and basic clinical and experimental studies of xenon anesthesia are presented. The studies were carried out by a group of authors in accordance with the requirements and norm-setting documents of Pharmacological Committee of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, needed for permitting Xe for medical application as a new narcotic agent.

Collimated detector technique for measuring a 137Cs deposit in soil under a clean protected layer.

A method to determine the 137Cs soil deposit in situ where the contamination is covered by a clean soil layer is described. The method is based on measurements of the count rates in three energy ranges by a collimated spectrum sensitive detector and their processing. The deposit determination accuracy is 20%. The measurement results are presented and compared with data from soil sampling. The 137Cs contamination maps of areas in Belarus and the Chelyabinsk region of Russia are presented. Measurements of the river Techa bank contamination detected the presence of secondary contamination. This method permits the change of dose rate after land decontamination and the work needed for decontamination and its efficiency to be predicted.

[Medical aspects of migration in the Far East regions]. / Meditsinskie aspekty migratsionnykh protsessov v Dalnevostochnom regione.

A comparative analysis was made of medical and climatic conditions in the south of the Far East. Changes in the immune status, lipid peroxidation of blood cell membranes, and the antioxidative system were studied during adaptation of adults and children who had arrived from Siberia, the European part of Russia, and Far-East regions. How a standard regional adaptation of the bioimmunological status forms was followed up under the conditions of monsoons. Critical periods in migrants' adaptation and bioimmunological criteria of development of disadaptation conditions are described. A concept of the tense-dynamic type of migrants' adaptative bioimmunological reactions under the Far East monsoon conditions is proposed.