ABSTRACT
The province of Khorasan-Razavi in the North East of Iran is an endemic area for anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL caused mainly by Leishmania tropica) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL caused mainly by Leishmania major). Based on clinical signs, some cities were considered as ACL foci while others were considered to be endemic for ZCL. This paper reviews studies performed on patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via the use of direct slide examination, ELISA, electrophoresis isoenzyme, RAPD PCR and PCR in Mashhad; the study also includes cases of CL in other cities of the Khorasan-Razavi province where only PCR used as a diagnostic tool. The data show that both Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major caused CL in most of the cities investigated. Our review shows that Leishmania major was found in areas where ACL is prevalent and Leishmania tropica was observed in areas with high incidence of ZCL. This distribution represents a major change in the epidemiological pattern of Leishmania in the Khorasan-Razavi province.
Subject(s)
Leishmania major/isolation & purification , Leishmania tropica/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Zoonoses/parasitology , Adult , Animals , Electrophoresis/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Incidence , Iran/epidemiology , Leishmania major/genetics , Leishmania tropica/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Zoonoses/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Canthariasis is a human disease caused by infestation of beetle larvae. We report here an unusual cause of urogenital infection due to Tenebrio molitor in a 10-year-old boy suffering from severe and intermittent suprapubic pain from Nehbandan City, Northeastern Iran in 2018. After 9 months, three larvae were excreted. Keratinization of bladder wall was observed in histopathology. All laboratory evaluations were normal except for presence of microscopic hematuria. This report implicated that T. molitor could infest bladder accidentally and cause canthariasis and clinical symptoms that may lead to severe pain and bladder inflammation and hyperemia.