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1.
J Nephrol ; 36(9): 2549-2557, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37856067

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis provides several benefits for patients and should be offered as first line kidney replacement therapy, particularly for fragile patients. Limitation to self-care drove assisted peritoneal dialysis to evolve from family-based care to institutional programs, with specialized care givers. Some European countries have mastered this, while others are still bound by the availability of a volunteer to become responsible for treatment. METHODS: A group of leading nephrologists from 13 European countries integrated real-life application of such therapy, highlighting barriers, lessons learned and practical solutions. The objective of this work is to share and summarize several different approaches, with their intrinsic difficulties and solutions, which might helpperitoneal dialysis units to develop and offer assisted peritoneal dialysis. RESULTS: Assisted peritoneal dialysis does not mean 4 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis exchanges, 7 days/week, nor does it exclude cycler. Many different prescriptions might work for our patients. Tailoring PD prescription to residual kidney function, thereby maintaining small solute clearance, reduces dialysis burden and is associated with higher technique survival. Assisted peritoneal dialysis does not mean assistance will be needed permanently, it can be a transitional stage towards individual or caregiver autonomy. Private care agencies can be used to provide assistance; other options may involve implementing PD training programs for the staff of nursing homes or convalescence units. Social partners may be interested in participating in smaller initiatives or for limited time periods. CONCLUSION: Assisted peritoneal dialysis is a valid technique, which should be expanded. In countries without structural models of assisted peritoneal dialysis, active involvement by the nephrologist is needed in order for it to become a reality.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritoneal Dialysis , Humans , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Renal Dialysis , Europe , Caregivers , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
2.
Infect Dis Ther ; 12(5): 1429-1436, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37062804

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The use of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to eradicate intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) has been described in case reports and small case series. Although few in numbers, these patients suffer from recurrent infections that may exacerbate both the patients' comorbidities and their healths. In the current study, we hypothesized that FMT for MDRO-related urinary tract infections (UTIs) reduces hospitalisations and associated costs. METHODS: In a cohort of patients referred for FMT from 2015 to 2020, we selected all patients who had consecutively been referred for eradication of MRDO carriage with UTIs. An early economic assessment was performed to calculate hospital-related costs. The overall study cohort was registered at ClinicalTrials, study identifier NCT03712722. RESULTS: We consecutively included five patients with UTIs caused by MDROs. Four of the patients were renal transplant recipients. Patients were followed for median 126 days (range 60-320), where the follow-up duration for each patient was aligned with the number of days from the first UTI to FMT. The median number of UTIs per patient dropped from 4 to 0. Investigating hospital costs, hospital admission days dropped by 87% and monthly hospital costs by 79%. CONCLUSIONS: FMT was effective in reducing the occurrence of UTIs and mediated a marked reduction in hospital costs. We suggest that this strategy is cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials, study identifier NCT03712722.

3.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 37(11): 2080-2089, 2022 10 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35671088

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Availability of assisted PD (asPD) increases access to dialysis at home, particularly for the increasing numbers of older and frail people with advanced kidney disease. Although asPD has been widely used in some European countries for many years, it remains unavailable or poorly utilized in others. A group of leading European nephrologists have therefore formed a group to drive increased availability of asPD in Europe and in their own countries. METHODS: Members of the group filled in a proforma with the following headings: personal experience, country experience, who are the assistants, funding of asPD, barriers to growth, what is needed to grow and their top three priorities. RESULTS: Only 5 of the 13 countries surveyed provided publicly funded reimbursement for asPD. The use of asPD depends on overall attitudes to PD, with all respondents mentioning the need for nephrology team education and/or patient education and involvement in dialysis modality decision making. CONCLUSIONS AND CALL TO ACTION: Many people with advanced kidney disease would prefer to have their dialysis at home, yet if the frail patient chooses PD most healthcare systems cannot provide their choice. AsPD should be available in all countries in Europe and in all renal centres. The top priorities to make this happen are education of renal healthcare teams about the advantages of PD, education of and discussion with patients and their families as they approach the need for dialysis, and engagement with policymakers and healthcare providers to develop and support assistance for PD.


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis , Humans , Renal Dialysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Europe
4.
BMC Nephrol ; 23(1): 229, 2022 06 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35761193

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Controversy surrounds which factors are important for predicting early mortality after dialysis initiation (DI). We investigated associations of predialysis course and circumstances affecting planning and execution of DI with mortality following DI. METHODS: Among 1580 patients participating in the Peridialysis study, a study of causes and timing of DI, we registered features of predialysis course, clinical and biochemical data at DI, incidence of unplanned suboptimal DI, contraindications to peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD), and modality preference, actual choice, and cause of modality choice. Patients were followed for 12 months or until transplantation. A flexible parametric model was used to identify independent factors associated with all-cause mortality. RESULTS: First-year mortality was 19.33%. Independent factors predicting death were high age, comorbidity, clinical contraindications to PD or HD, suboptimal DI, high eGFR, low serum albumin, hyperphosphatemia, high C-reactive protein, signs of overhydration and cerebral symptoms at DI. Among 1061 (67.2%) patients who could select dialysis modality based on personal choice, 654 (61.6%) chose PD, 368 (34.7%) center HD and 39 (3.7%) home HD. The 12-months survival did not differ significantly between patients receiving PD and in-center HD. CONCLUSIONS: First-year mortality in incident dialysis patients was in addition to high age and comorbidity, associated with clinical contraindications to PD or HD, clinical symptoms, hyperphosphatemia, inflammation, and suboptimal DI. In patients with a "free" choice of dialysis modality based on their personal preferences, PD and in-center HD led to broadly similar short-term outcomes.


Subject(s)
Hyperphosphatemia , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis , Humans , Hyperphosphatemia/etiology , Incidence , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Renal Dialysis/methods
5.
Clin Kidney J ; 14(9): 2064-2074, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34476093

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), home dialysis offers socio-economic and health benefits compared with in-centre dialysis but is generally underutilized. We hypothesized that the pre-dialysis course and institutional factors affect the choice of dialysis modality after dialysis initiation (DI). METHODS: The Peridialysis study is a multinational, multicentre prospective observational study assessing the causes and timing of DI and consequences of suboptimal DI. Clinical and biochemical data, details of the pre-dialytic course, reasons for DI and causes of the choice of dialysis modality were registered. RESULTS: Among 1587 included patients, 516 (32.5%) were judged unsuitable for home dialysis due to contraindications [384 ( 24.2%)] or no assessment [106 (6.7%); mainly due to late referral and/or suboptimal DI] or death [26 (1.6%)]. Older age, comorbidity, late referral, suboptimal DI, acute illness and rapid loss of renal function associated with unsuitability. Of the remaining 1071 patients, 700 (65.4%) chose peritoneal dialysis (61.7%) or home haemodialysis (HD; 3.6%), while 371 (34.6%) chose in-centre HD. Somatic differences between patients choosing home dialysis and in-centre dialysis were minor; factors linked to the choice of in-centre dialysis were late referral, suboptimal DI, acute illness and absence of a 'home dialysis first' institutional policy. CONCLUSIONS: Given a personal choice with shared decision making, 65.4% of ESKD patients choose home dialysis. Our data indicate that the incidence of home dialysis potentially could be further increased to reduce the incidence of late referral and unplanned DI and, in acutely ill patients, by implementing an educational programme after improvement of their clinical condition.

6.
Clin Kidney J ; 14(3): 933-942, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33777377

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite early referral of uraemic patients to nephrological care, suboptimal dialysis initiation (SDI) remains a common problem associated with increased morbimortality. We hypothesized that SDI is related to pre-dialysis care. METHODS: In the 'Peridialysis' study, time and reasons for dialysis initiation (DI), clinical and biochemical data and centre characteristics were registered during the pre- and peri-dialytic period for 1583 end-stage kidney disease patients starting dialysis over a 3-year period at 15 nephrology departments in the Nordic and Baltic countries to identify factors associated with SDI. RESULTS: SDI occurred in 42%. Risk factors for SDI were late referral, cachexia, comorbidity (particularly cardiovascular), hypoalbuminaemia and rapid uraemia progression. Patients with polycystic renal disease had a lower incidence of SDI. High urea and C-reactive protein levels, acidosis and other electrolyte disorders were markers of SDI, independently of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). SDI patients had higher eGFR than non-SDI patients during the pre-dialysis period, but lower eGFR at DI. eGFR as such did not predict SDI. Patients with comorbidities had higher eGFR at DI. Centre practice and policy did not associate with the incidence of SDI. CONCLUSIONS: SDI occurred in 42% of all DIs. SDI was associated with hypoalbuminaemia, comorbidity and rate of eGFR loss, but not with the degree of renal failure as assessed by eGFR.

8.
Perit Dial Int ; 38(5): 366-373, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29386304

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease and vascular calcifications contribute significantly to the outcome of dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of severity of abdominal aortic calcifications and peripheral arterial disease on outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using methods easily available in everyday clinical practice. METHODS: We enrolled 249 PD patients (mean age 61 years, 67% male) in this prospective, observational, multicenter study from 2009 to 2013. The abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) was assessed using lateral lumbar X ray, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) using a Doppler device. RESULTS: The median AACS was 11 (range 0 - 24). In 58% of the patients, all 4 segments of the abdominal aorta showed deposits, while 19% of patients had no visible deposits (AACS 0). Ankle-brachial index was normal in 49%, low (< 0.9) in 17%, and high (> 1.3) in 34% of patients. Altogether 91 patients (37%) died during the median follow-up of 46 months. Only 2 patients (5%) with AACS 0 died compared with 50% of the patients with AACS ≥ 7 (p < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 4.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94 - 24.46) for aortic calcification (AACS ≥ 7), 2.14 for diabetes (yes/no), 0.93 for albumin (per 1 g/L), and 1.04 for age (per year). A low or high ABI were not independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Severe aortic calcification was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in PD patients. The evaluation of aortic calcifications by lateral X ray is a simple method that allows the identification of high-risk patients.


Subject(s)
Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Diseases/epidemiology , Critical Illness/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Vascular Calcification/epidemiology , Ankle Brachial Index , Aortic Diseases/diagnosis , Aortic Diseases/etiology , Cause of Death/trends , Critical Illness/mortality , Denmark/epidemiology , Estonia/epidemiology , Female , Finland/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Peritoneal Dialysis/mortality , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Renal Dialysis , Risk Factors , Survival Rate/trends , Sweden/epidemiology , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Vascular Calcification/diagnosis , Vascular Calcification/etiology
9.
PLoS One ; 12(12): e0188309, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29261657

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of unplanned dialysis initiation (DI) with consequent increased comorbidity, mortality and reduced modality choice remains high, but the optimal timing of dialysis initiation (DI) remains controversial, and there is a lack of studies of specific reasons for DI. We investigated why and when physicians prescribe dialysis and hypothesized that physician motivation for DI is an independent factor which may have clinical consequences. METHODS: In the Peridialysis study, an ongoing multicenter prospective study assessing the causes and timing of DI and consequences of unplanned dialysis, physicians in 11 hospitals were asked to describe their primary, secondary and further reasons for prescribing DI. The stated reasons for DI were analyzed in relation to clinical and biochemical data at DI, and characteristics of physicians. RESULTS: In 446 patients (median age 67 years; 38% females; diabetes 25.6%), DI was prescribed by 84 doctors who stated 23 different primary reasons for DI. The primary indication was clinical in 63% and biochemical in 37%; 23% started for life-threatening conditions. Reduced renal function accounted for only 19% of primary reasons for DI but was a primary or contributing reason in 69%. The eGFR at DI was 7.2 ±3.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, but varied according to comorbidity and cause of DI. Patients with cachexia, anorexia and pulmonary stasis (34% with heart failure) had the highest eGFR (8.2-9.8 ml/min/1.73 m2), and those with edema, "low GFR", and acidosis, the lowest (4.6-6.1 ml/min/1.73 m2). Patients with multiple comorbidity including diabetes started at a high eGFR (8.7 ml/min/1.73 m2). Physician experience played a role in dialysis prescription. Non-specialists were more likely to prescribe dialysis for life-threatening conditions, while older and more experienced physicians were more likely to start dialysis for clinical reasons, and at a lower eGFR. Female doctors started dialysis at a higher eGFR than males (8.0 vs. 7.1 ml/min/1.73 m2). CONCLUSIONS: DI was prescribed mainly based on clinical reasons in accordance with current recommendations while low renal function accounted for only 19% of primary reasons for DI. There are considerable differences in physicians´ stated motivations for DI, related to their age, clinical experience and interpretation of biochemical variables. These differences may be an independent factor in the clinical treatment of patients, with consequences for the risk of unplanned DI.


Subject(s)
Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects
10.
BMC Nephrol ; 17(1): 184, 2016 11 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27871238

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a markedly increased cardiovascular mortality compared with the general population. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been suggested to possess cardioprotective properties. This cross-sectional and comparative study evaluated correlations between hemodynamic measurements, resistance artery function and fish consumption to the content of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue, a long-term marker of seafood intake. METHODS: Seventeen patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 + 5d and 27 healthy kidney donors were evaluated with hemodynamic measurements before surgery; from these subjects, 11 patients and 11 healthy subjects had vasodilator properties of subcutaneous resistance arteries examined. The measurements were correlated to adipose tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Information on fish intake was obtained from a dietary questionnaire and compared with adipose tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. RESULTS: Fish intake and the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue did not differ between patients and controls. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in adipose tissue were positively correlated to systemic vascular resistance index; (r = 0.44; p = 0.07 and r = 0.62; p < 0.05, chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects respectively) and negatively correlated to cardiac output index (r = -0.69; p < 0.01 and r = -0.50; p < 0.05, chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects respectively). No correlation was observed between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in adipose tissue and vasodilator properties in resistance arteries. n-3 PUFA content in adipose tissue increased with increasing self-reported fish intake. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations found, suggest a role for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hemodynamic properties. However, this is apparently not due to changes in intrinsic properties of the resistance arteries as no correlation was found to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/analysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Seafood , Adult , Aged , Animals , Arteries/physiopathology , Cardiac Output , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet Records , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Microvessels/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Vascular Resistance , Vasodilation , Young Adult
11.
Perit Dial Int ; 35(6): 622-4, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26702001

ABSTRACT

Unplanned start on dialysis remains a major problem for the dialysis community worldwide. Late-referred patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and urgent need for dialysis are overrepresented among older people. These patients are particularly likely to be started on in-center hemodialysis (HD), with a temporary vascular access known to be associated with excess mortality and increased risks of potentially lethal complications such as bacteremia and central venous thrombosis or stenosis.The present paper describes in detail our program for unplanned start on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) right after PD catheter implantation and summarizes our experiences with the program so far. Compared with planned start on PD after at least 2 weeks of break-in between PD catheter implantation and initiation of dialysis, unplanned start may be associated with a slight increased risk of mechanical complications but apparently no detrimental effect on mortality, peritonitis-free survival, or PD technique survival.In our opinion and experience, the risk of serious complications associated with the implantation and immediate use of a PD catheter is less than the risk of complications associated with unplanned start on HD with a temporary central venous catheter (CVC). Unplanned start on APD is a gentle, safe, and feasible alternative to unplanned start on HD with a temporary CVC that is also valid for the late-referred older patient with ESRD and urgent need for dialysis.


Subject(s)
Catheters, Indwelling , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Patient Care Planning , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Decision Making , Female , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Male , Peritoneal Dialysis/mortality , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
12.
Perit Dial Int ; 35(6): 663-6, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26702010

ABSTRACT

Older people are the largest and fastest growing group of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and, due to advanced age and a heavy burden of comorbidities, they are usually not candidates for renal transplantation or home-based dialysis treatment. Some of the barriers for home treatment are non-modifiable, but the majority of physical disabilities and psychosocial problems can be overcome provided that assistance is offered to the patients at home.In the present review, we describe the programs for assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) in France and Denmark, respectively. In both nations, assisted PD is totally publicly funded, and the cost of assisted PD is comparable to the cost of in-center HD. Assisted continuous ambulatory PD (aCAPD) is the preferred modality in France whereas assisted automated PD (aAPD) is the preferred modality in Denmark. Assistants are professional nurses or healthcare technicians briefly educated by expert PD nurses from the dialysis unit.The establishment of a program for assisted PD may increase the number of patients actually treated with PD and may reduce the risk of PD technique failure and prolong PD duration. Compared with autonomous PD patients, patients on assisted PD may have shorter patient survival and peritonitis-free survival indicating that, besides advanced age and the burden of comorbidities, dependency on help may be an independent risk factor for poorer outcome.Assisted PD is an evolving dialysis modality, and may in the future prove to be a feasible complementary alternative to in-center hemodialysis (HD) for the growing group of dependent older patients with ESRD.


Subject(s)
Health Care Costs , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Medical Assistance/economics , Peritoneal Dialysis/economics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Denmark , Female , France , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Humans , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health, Reimbursement/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/economics , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Peritoneal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors
13.
PLoS One ; 9(4): e94638, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24722412

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The vasodilator mechanisms in small resistance arteries are in earlier studies shown to be reduced in patients with end stage renal disease. We studied whether endothelium dependent vasodilatation were diminished in ESRD patients and the interaction between the macro- and microcirculation. METHODS: Eleven patients with ESRD had prior to renal transplant or insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter measured pulse wave velocity. During surgery, a subcutaneous fat biopsy was extracted. Resistance arteries were then dissected and mounted on a wire myograph for measurements of dilator response to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine after preconstriction with noradrenaline. Twelve healthy kidney donors served as controls. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was elevated in patients compared to the healthy controls; no difference in the concentration of asymmetric dimethyl arginine was seen. No significant difference in the endothelium dependent vasodilatation between patients and controls was found. Correlation of small artery properties showed an inverse relationship between diastolic blood pressure and nitric oxide dependent vasodilatation in controls. Pulse pressure was positively correlated to the total endothelial vasodilatation in patients. A negative association between S-phosphate and endothelial derived hyperpolarisation-like vasodilatation was seen in resistance arteries from controls. CONCLUSION: This study finds similar vasodilator properties in kidney patients and controls. However, correlations of pulse pressure and diastolic blood pressure with resistance artery function indicate compensating measures in the microcirculation during end stage renal disease.


Subject(s)
Arteries/physiopathology , Hemodynamics/physiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Vasodilation/physiology , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arteries/drug effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Female , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Transplantation , Male , Middle Aged , Myography , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , Pulse Wave Analysis , Renal Dialysis , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects , Young Adult
14.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 29(12): 2201-6, 2014 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24353321

ABSTRACT

Late referral of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and unforeseeable deterioration of residual renal function in known CKD patients remain a major problem leading to the need of unplanned start on chronic dialysis without a mature access for dialysis. In most centres worldwide, these patients are started on haemodialysis (HD) using a temporary tunnelled central venous catheter (CVC) for access. However, during the last decade, increasing clinical experience with unplanned start on peritoneal dialysis (PD) right after PD catheter implantation has been published. Key studies are reviewed in the present paper, and the results seem to indicate that compared with patients starting PD in a planned setting with peritoneal resting after PD catheter implantation, patients starting unplanned PD have an increased risk of mechanical complications but apparently no increased risk of infectious complications. In contrast, patients starting unplanned HD using a temporary CVC have an increased risk of both mechanical and infectious complications when compared with patients starting planned HD using an arterio-venous fistula or a permanent CVC. Regarding clinical outcome in terms of survival, unplanned PD seems to be at least as safe as unplanned HD. Combining the unplanned PD programme with a nurse-assisted PD programme is crucial in order to offer the patient a real opportunity to choose a home-based dialysis option. In conclusion, unplanned start on PD seems to be a feasible, safe and efficient alternative to unplanned start on HD for the late referred patient with end-stage renal disease and urgent need for dialysis.


Subject(s)
Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Renal Dialysis/methods , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Global Health , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Survival Rate/trends
15.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 26(1): 299-303, 2011 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20566572

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) provides the opportunity for home-based dialysis, enabling the patient to optimize their lifestyle by maintaining their normal daily routine. Use of a larger bag size and biocompatible solution is desirable. In an effort to further improve patient convenience and reduce the probability of infusing only the buffer contents from the outflow chamber, we designed a 5-L dual-chamber container system with a dual-seal system consisting of a long seal between the dextrose chamber and buffer chambers and a short SafetyMoon™ seal between the buffer chamber and container outflow connector. METHODS: The safety and effectiveness of this new container system was assessed in a non-interventional, prospective, open-label, multi-centre, uncontrolled, Baxter-sponsored post-authorization safety study in 249 patients from 7 countries in Europe. RESULTS: No mis-infusion events were noted throughout the study where 68 519 Physioneal™ 5-L bags in Clear-Flex™ were used for an average (SD) of 4.3 (1.9) months per patient. Overall, the percentage of patients and/or care providers rating the 5-L bag preparation as very easy or easy at baseline (0-8 weeks), 9-16, 17-24 and 25-32 weeks ranged from 94 to 97%. Assuming a Poisson distribution for the bag count data, the estimated change in number of bicarbonate/lactate dialysis fluid bags (5 or 2.5 L) as a percent of prior bag use was -36%, while the estimated change in number of bags for ALL solutions as a percent of prior bag use was -31%. The predominant reasons given by the investigators for prescribing 5-L PD solutions at study onset were biocompatibility, easier and convenient for their patients to use, physiological pH and less bag connections. None of the 92 serious adverse events were suspected to be related to the Physioneal 5-L PD solution. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a larger, Physioneal 5-L bag mitigates the concern regarding the possibility of mis-infusing the buffer chamber solution, is convenient to use by the patient/health care provider and is associated with more than a 30% reduction in the weekly number of dialysis solution bags required per patient for their APD therapy.


Subject(s)
Peritoneal Dialysis/instrumentation , Peritonitis/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Automation , Dialysis Solutions/chemistry , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Peritonitis/etiology , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
16.
Scand J Urol Nephrol ; 44(6): 452-8, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20632841

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: During the past 10 years the number of prevalent patients on dialysis treatment has doubled in Denmark and the number is expected to increase further. The majority of Danish patients on dialysis receive haemodialysis at a hospital-based centre, and increasing patient numbers will put pressure on these dialysis centres. In order to reduce this pressure, more patients will need to be offered dialysis as outgoing treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the economic consequences of an increased number of patients on outgoing dialysis in a Danish setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Markov model using Danish cost estimates and clinical parameters from the Danish National Registry was developed and used to simulate changes of dialysis modalities, exits to transplantation or death as well as entry of new incident patients over a period of 10 years. RESULTS: The development in total annual costs over a 10-year period showed that an increased number of patients on outgoing dialysis will lead to total savings of approximately €9.6 million. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated savings of approximately €9.6 million only constitute 0.6% of the total cost of dialysis. In terms of cost over time, therefore, an increased number of patients on outgoing treatment will not lead to an increase in costs; the total cost of treatment will probably be unchanged or slightly reduced. The results were sensitive to inclusion of capital costs and exclusion of costs associated with complications or comorbidity.


Subject(s)
Health Care Costs , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital/economics , Hemodialysis, Home/economics , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/economics , Self Care/economics , Denmark , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hemodialysis, Home/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Markov Chains , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/methods , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/statistics & numerical data , Self Care/statistics & numerical data
17.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest ; 70(5): 374-82, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20509756

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has been described as an excellent marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from BioPorto Diagnostics, DK. Validation of the ELISA kit and investigation of stability of the NGAL protein is a prerequisite before introducing NGAL as a marker for AKI in clinical research. METHODS: Plasma and urine samples from a healthy adult and from 16 children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease were used to validate the 036 NGAL ELISA kit from BioPorto Diagnostics and study stability of the NGAL protein. RESULTS: Median intra-assay variation in plasma and urine from the healthy adult was <5% and median inter-assay variation was <10%. For children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease intra-assay variation was <10%. ELISA kit batch-to-batch variation for plasma was 14.6%. We observed excellent results on analysis of linearity and spike-recovery and found no clinically important variation of NGAL measurements throughout the ELISA plate. Haemolysis significantly interfered with measurement of NGAL, whereas repeated thawing or 48 h of 4-5 degrees C-storage before centrifugation and storage at -80 degrees C did not influence NGAL measurements (ANOVA; n.s.). The NGAL protein is stable in plasma for at least 11 months at -80 degrees C. CONCLUSION: 036 NGAL ELISA kit from BioPorto Diagnostics can be used with acceptable precision for plasma and urine. However, the presence of haemolysis in blood samples or the use of different batches of ELISA kits may seriously decrease the accuracy of measurements.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Gelatinases/blood , Lipocalins/blood , Neutrophils/enzymology , Adult , Child, Preschool , Freezing , Heart Defects, Congenital/blood , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/urine , Hemolysis , Humans , Infant , Lipocalins/urine , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards , Reproducibility of Results
18.
Contrib Nephrol ; 163: 261-263, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19494623

ABSTRACT

The present paper describes a program for an unplanned start on assisted automated peritoneal dialysis for late referred patients with chronic kidney disease stage V and urgent need for initiation of dialysis. Using a standard prescription for 12 h overnight APD right after PD catheter placement, analysis of our data showed that unplanned start on APD has no detrimental effects on patients, combined patient and technique, peritonitis-free survivals or the risk of infectious complications, while the risk of mechanical complications and the need of replacement of displaced or malfunctioning PD catheters may be increased. Unplanned start on APD right after PD catheter insertion is a feasible, safe and efficient procedure.


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Chronic Disease , Humans , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
20.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 23(12): 3953-9, 2008 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18586764

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increasing patient numbers have resulted in pressure on dialysis centres and a need to reorganize dialysis treatment. This study explored patients' experiences with different dialysis modalities and investigated issues related to the patient's choice of modality, especially 'out-of-centre' dialysis (i.e. modalities other than CHD). METHODS: Six focus group interviews were conducted with 24 dialysis patients, 3 pre-dialysis patients and 18 relatives. Each focus group comprised patients on one type of dialysis, i.e. CHD, self-care CHD, HHD, CAPD/APD, aAPD or pre-dialysis patients. Based on a semi-structured interview guide, the group discussions centred on advantages and disadvantages of dialysis modalities, problems experienced and their (possible) solutions and patient involvement in choice of modality. RESULTS: The focus groups participants considered that each dialysis modality has its advantages and disadvantages. Flexibility, independence and feelings of security were key factors in determining choice of modality, with maintenance of a normal life being a major goal. Patients and their relatives want to participate in choice of modality, but a genuine offer of out-of-centre dialysis including professional support and appropriate and timely education is needed to encourage a greater use of modalities other than CHD. CONCLUSIONS: No single dialysis modality emerged as offering the best solution for patients with end-stage renal disease. In the absence of absolute clinical contraindications, the treatment of choice should be the modality that best accommodates the patients' preferences for their daily activities and lifestyle. A move towards more patients on out-of-centre dialysis requires a greater focus on pre-dialysis patients and closer consideration of patients' preferences and current lifestyle.


Subject(s)
Patient Participation/psychology , Renal Dialysis/methods , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Choice Behavior , Denmark , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Education as Topic , Quality of Life
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