Classification staging systems on clinical and radiographic features of inverted sinonasal papilloma: A case report.

Inverted sinonasal papilloma is an infrequent tumor that mostly affects the elder group of 40-50 yr. This tumor is distinguished from other sinonasal tumors by three characteristics: a high rate of recurrence, carcinomatous changes, and a high potential for local destruction. In 40% of cases of inverted sinonasal papilloma showed an association with the human papillomavirus and considered as the main etiological agent. Here, we present a case of a 36-year-old male presented with pus discharge from the right upper back teeth region in the past 1 year. Correlating with clinical, radiographical features, a diagnosis of the Inverted sinonasal papilloma.

Melanin and odontogenic cysts: An ambiguous yet imperative relation.

Pigmentation in the head-and-neck lesions is an uncommon feature. The presence of it is fascinating, but its relevance is unknown. Various odontogenic and nonodontogenic lesions show the presence of melanin pigment. Although the presence of melanin is normal in the epithelium and connective tissue, the role of melanin pigmentation in odontogenic cysts is unclear. Apart from maintaining the skin balance, varying other functions of melanin is being researched. However, not much study has been done regarding it in odontogenic lesions. As the literature regarding such cases are scanty, here, we present a case of pigmented dentigerous cyst and an attempt to understand their relationship.

The Current Understanding on Langerhans' Cells and Its Role in Oral Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Description of Langerhans' cells (LCs) as an important antigen-presenting cells responsible for detecting the antigens, recruiting T-cells, and thereby initiating the immune response. An adequate response of the mucosal immune system is essential to protect the mucosa against pathological conditions. Hence, a detailed review was planned about this unique antigen-presenting cell. METHODS: A literature search of the electronic databases included the MEDLINE, EBSCOHOST, PUBMED, and hand searches of references retrieved were undertaken using the following MeSH terms "Langerhans cells," "LCs in Oral Lichen Planus," "Langerhans cell histiocytosis," "LCs and HIV," "LCs in Periodontitis." RESULTS: LCs are present suprabasally in the epithelium of oral mucosa and in the epidermis of the skin. The role played by LCs though not fully elucidated, but several research studies indicate that these cells are involved in the pathogenesis of many oral diseases. In this article, the historical perspective, structure, function, origin, and phenotypic expressions of LCs are discussed in detail. The current understanding on the role of LCs in various oral lesions and its immunological characteristics are discussed. CONCLUSION: LCs act as immune mediator cells, tumor cells, vectors of infected cells, and phagocytic cells. Further studies could bolster the knowledge about the role of Langerhans cells in the immune response of various oral diseases and thereby provide diagnostic tools and help for prognostic evaluation. This review illuminates the pivotal role of Langerhans cells and its immune surveillance as a "Sentinels" of the oral mucosa.

Pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with compound odontoma: Report of a rare case and review.

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is a rare lesion accounting for only 2% of all odontogenic cysts and tumors. CCOTs can occur alone or in association with other odontogenic tumors such as odontomas. Pigmented intraosseous odontogenic lesions are rare. Among them, pigmented CCOT is known to occur with greater frequency. Only six cases of combination of pigmentation CCOT associated with odontoma have been reported in the literature. We herein present such a rare case occurring in the maxillary anterior region in a 13-year-old female patient.

Odontogenic tumor markers - an overview.

UNLABELLED: The practice of pathology is currently undergoing significant change, due to advances in the field of molecular pathology. Tumor markers are molecules that help the pathologists for confirmatory diagnosis of histopathologically confounding lesions. Odontogenic tumors are relatively rare with estimated incidence of less than 0.5 cases/ 100,000 population per year. Odontogenic tumors can pose diagnostic challenges because of overlapping histology. But, appropriate diagnosis is crucial as their treatment modality and prognosis differ; in these situations tumor markers can be helpful. But lack of comprehensive literature on specific markers for odontogenic tumors imposes pathologists to think aimlessly about various markers to arrive at an appropriate diagnosis. With this background, it is our attempt at compiling diagnostically important odontogenic tumor markers. Also, a note is added on tumor behaviour studies in common clinically important odontogenic tumors: Ameloblastoma and Keratocystic odontogenic tumor. KEYWORDS: Tumor markers, Odontogenic tumors, Ameloblastoma, Keratocystic odontogenic tumor HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Premalatha B R, Patil S, Rao R S, Reddy N P, Indu M. Odontogenic Tumor Markers - An Overview. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(2):65-75. How to cite this article: Premalatha B R, Patil S, Rao R S, Reddy N P, Indu M. Odontogenic Tumor Markers - An Overview. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(2):65-75.

Mineral oil--a biofriendly substitute for xylene in deparaffinization: a novel method.

BACKGROUND: In routine histopathology, xylene has been used in tissue processing and staining. Presently health hazards of xylene are well documented and a safer substitute is an absolute necessity. AIM: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mineral oil as a deparaffinizing agent when compared to that of xylene by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were randomly selected and two sections were taken from each block. Thirty sections were stained with conventional H&E method (group A) using xylene as deparaffinizing agent and 30 were stained with xylene free method using refined mineral oil (group B). Sections were blinded and analyzed by two pathologists using the parameters of uniformity, clarity and intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining respectively (satisfactory = score 1, unsatisfactory = score 0). Score ≥ 4 was considered to be adequate for diagnosis. RESULTS: 100% of sections in group A and 93.3% of sections in group B were adequate for diagnosis (p-value 0.150). CONCLUSION: The study recommends refined mineral oil as a biofriendly and effective xylene substitute in deparaffinization of tissue sections.

Analysis of tumor marker CA 125 in saliva of normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. The use of saliva as an alternative to blood could provide a substantial advantage in sampling convenience. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a tumor-associated antigen found to be increased in epithelial tumors like oral, breast and ovarian cancers. AIM: To determine whether salivary CA 125 levels are increased significantly in OSCC patients than the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty OSCC patients and 60 healthy controls were taken for the study. Saliva samples from both the groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid were subjected to ELISA for assessment of CA 125. The mean salivary CA 125 values of OSCC patients and control group were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The mean salivary CA 125 concentration of OSCC group was 320.25 and that of control group was 33.14. Thus, CA 125 was found to be significantly increased in the saliva of OSCC patients than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was significant increase in the CA 125 levels as the stage of OSCC increased. CONCLUSION: The convenience, reliability and noninvasive nature of salivary CA 125 testing makes it a feasible adjunctive diagnostic tool for detection of OSCC.