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BACKGROUND: Cranial, facial, nasal, and maxillary widths have been shown to be significantly affected by the individual's sex. The present study aims to use measurements of dental arch and maxillary skeletal base to determine sex, employing supervised machine learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary and mandibular tomographic examinations from 100 patients were analyzed to investigate the inter-premolar width, inter-molar width, maxillary width, inter-pterygoid width, nasal cavity width, nostril width, and maxillary length, obtained through Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans. The following machine learning algorithms were used to build the predictive models: Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Decision Tree, and Random Forest Classifier. A 10-fold cross-validation approach was adopted to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed statistical significance (p < 0.10) for all skeletal and dental variables. Nostril width showed greater importance in two models, while Inter-molar width stood out among dental measurements. The models achieved accuracy values ranging from 0.75 to 0.85 on the test data. Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and SVM models had the highest AUC values, with SVM showing the smallest disparity between cross-validation and test data for accuracy metrics. CONCLUSION: Transverse dental arch and maxillary skeletal base measurements exhibited strong predictive capability, achieving high accuracy with machine learning methods. Among the evaluated models, the SVM algorithm exhibited the best performance. This indicates potential usefulness in forensic sex determination.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Dental Arch , Machine Learning , Maxilla , Humans , Female , Male , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Adult , Dental Arch/diagnostic imaging , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods , Adolescent , Sex Determination Analysis/methods , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Background: The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor health outcomes is well-established in high-income countries. However, the evidence is limited for the association of ACEs, mental health, and risky behaviors for low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, studies often overlook prescription drug misuse and risky driving when examining the association of ACEs with risky behaviors. In our study, we examined the associations between ACEs, suicidal ideation, and risky behaviors (binge drinking, prescription drug misuse, and risky driving) among Brazilian college students. Methods: Participants consisted of a convenience sample of students recruited from undergraduate courses primarily in two states in Southern Brazil (93%). Data were collected via an online survey between December 2020 and August 2021. The analytical sample comprised 503 participants, most were female (71%), and the mean age was 24 years. Survey instrument included questions on ten different ACE types, mental health, and risky behaviors. Statistical analyses included univariate descriptive analysis, binary and multivariable regression models. Results: Across the ten ACE types assessed, only 14% of participants reported no ACEs, and 29% of participants experienced polyvictimization (i.e., four or more ACES). Multivariable models showed that, compared to those with no ACEs, participants who experienced polyvictimization had significantly increased odds of reporting suicide ideation (AOR = 6.21, p < .001), prescription drug misuse (AOR = 8.78, p < .01), and riding with an impaired driver (AOR = 3.58, p < .01). Conclusions: Our findings support the need for psychological support and services available for college students with multiple ACEs.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate approaches, strategies, and relevant variables researched in the Brazilian context regarding spousal aggressors, as well as the therapeutic practices used and their impacts. Method A total of 31 studies were retrieved from the Lilacs database (n = 25), SciELO database (n = 5), and PePsic (n = 1). After excluding duplicates and studies not related to batterers, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Results These articles were analyzed and grouped according to their themes, resulting in five categories: cognitive-behavioral therapy groups; reflective groups on gender stereotypes; cultural determinants; jealousy, anxiety, and alcohol consumption; and parenting practices. Conclusion The review observed theoretical divergences and a dispersion of knowledge on the topic across different areas, which can hinder the planning and standardization of interventions for intimate partner aggressors. Additionally, there is a scarcity of research on the topic within the Brazilian context, which may contribute to the current dispersion of knowledge.
Resumo Objetivo Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar abordagens, estratégias e variáveis relevantes pesquisadas no contexto brasileiro sobre agressores conjugais, bem como práticas terapêuticas utilizadas e seus impactos. Método Um total de 31 estudos foram recuperados da base de dados Lilacs (n = 25), da base de dados SciELO (n = 5) e do PePsic (n = 1). Após a exclusão de duplicatas e de estudos não relacionados a agressores, 9 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na análise. Resultados Estes artigos foram analisados e agrupados de acordo com suas temáticas, resultando em cinco categorias: grupos terapêuticos de enfoque cognitivo-comportamental; grupos reflexivos sobre estereótipos de gênero; determinantes culturais; ciúme, ansiedade e consumo de álcool; e práticas parentais. Conclusão Foram observadas divergências teóricas e dispersão do conhecimento sobre o tema em diferentes áreas, o que pode dificultar o planejamento e a padronização das intervenções para agressores de parceiros íntimos. Além disso, também observou-se escassez de pesquisas sobre o tema no contexto brasileiro, o que pode contribuir para a atual dispersão do conhecimento.
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PURPOSE: Child Protection Professionals (CPPs) play a key role in providing insights into the child protection system and how it can best support children's right to personal security, particularly during trying times like the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research provides one potential tool to tap into this knowledge and awareness. This research thus expanded earlier qualitative work on CPPs' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their work, including potential struggles and barriers, into the context of a developing country. METHODS: A total of 309 CPPs from all five regions in Brazil answered demographics, pandemic-related resilient behaviors, and open-ended questions regarding their profession during the pandemic. RESULTS: Data went through a three-step process of analysis: (1) pre-analysis; (2) category creation; and (3) coding of responses. Five categories emerged from the analysis: the Pandemic's Impact on CPPs' Work; the Impact of the Pandemic on CPP-Involved Families; Occupational Concerns during the Pandemic; Politics and the Pandemic; and Vulnerability due to the Pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our qualitative analyses showed the pandemic resulted in increased challenges for CPPs across several fronts within their workplace. Although each of these categories is discussed separately, they all influenced one another. This highlights the need to continue efforts to support CPPs.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Child , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients' lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients' lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as evidências de validade da versão reduzida adaptada para o português do Brasil do Traumatic Grief Inventory, por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória e relação com variáveis externas, além de aferir a precisão e presença de invariância. A primeira etapa consistiu na adaptação e avaliação por juízes especialistas da versão traduzida. Após a avaliação, a versão piloto foi aplicada em cinco participantes da população-alvo para avaliação semântica e de conteúdo, sendo nomeado de Inventário de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Em seguida, 211 brasileiros, que passaram por um processo de luto, responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental e ILT-BR. O ILT-BR apresentou bons índices de ajuste e precisão, se correlacionando positivamente com estresse, medo e pensamentos obsessivos, sem variação entre grupos. A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que há evidências de que o ILT-BR apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas.
El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la evidencia de validez de la versión reducida adaptada al portugués brasileño del Traumatic Grief Inventory (Inventario de Duelo Traumático), mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y la relación con variables externas, además de evaluar la precisión y presencia de invarianza. El primer paso fue la adaptación y evaluación por jueces expertos de la versión traducida. Después de la evaluación, se aplicó la versión piloto a cinco participantes de la población objetivo para la evaluación semántica y de contenido, denominándose Inventario de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Luego, 211 brasileños, que pasaron por un proceso de duelo, respondieron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico, Cuestionario de Autopercepción de Salud Mental e ILT-BR. El ILT-BR mostró buenos índices de ajuste y precisión, correlacionándose positivamente con el estrés, el miedo y los pensamientos obsesivos, sin encontrar variación entre grupos. A partir de estos resultados, se concluye que el ILT-BR posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en Brasil.
The aim of the this study was to verify the evidence of validity of the reduced version adapted for Brazilian Portuguese of the Traumatic Grief Inventory, through confirmatory factor analysis and relationship with external variables, in addition to assessing the reliability and presence of invariance. The first step consisted of the adaptation and evaluation by expert judges of the translated version. After the evaluation, the pilot version was answered by five participants of the target population, for semantic and content evaluation, being named, in Brazil, as the Inventário de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Then, 211 Brazilians, who went through a grieving process, answered the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Mental Health Self-Perception Questionnaire, and ILT-BR. The ILT-BR presented good fit indexes and reliability, positively correlated with stress, fear, and obsessive thoughts, with no invariance found. From these results, we concluded that the ILT-BR is suitable for use in Brazil.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Child Protection Professionals (CPPs) was widespread. Evidence regarding how those professionals dealt with the pandemic adversities and consequences for their wellbeing are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze whether predictors of resilience had changed one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Specifically, we explored the resiliency of CPPs as the stress of the pandemic evolved from an acute stressor to a more chronic and persistent stressor. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 263 CPPs from the five regions of Brazil engaged in this study. Participants had a mean age of 40 years and, on average, 13 years of experience in their field. METHODS: CPPs were recruited between March and April of 2021 via professional social media outlets to complete an online survey. CPPs answered questions regarding their perceptions of their work conditions, psychological distress, and resilience. Survey questions were adopted from a prior survey distributed in 2020. RESULTS: We replicated findings from our earlier study in the pandemic: A model of CPPs' resilient behaviors showed good indices of fit even one year into the pandemic. Despite this, paths related to individual importance for personal resilient behavior were not significant in this model. Unmet resilient needs significantly predicted general psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: CPPs revealed some changing resiliency needs as the pandemic progressed. Results revealed that meeting resilience-related needs is key to decreasing the psychological distress of this population. This work adds to the literature on the understudied topic of CPPs' psychological distress and resilience during international challenges.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Psychological Distress , Resilience, Psychological , Child , Humans , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
A importância do atendimento dos policiais em casos de violência contra o parceiro íntimo é inegável. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar uma intervenção breve com policiais da cidade de Curitiba sobre a violência contra o parceiro íntimo. Participaram da pesquisa 134 policiais, divididos em grupos controle (n = 76) e intervenção (n = 58), e os últimos receberam quatro sessões sobre as definições de violência contra o parceiro íntimo, ciclo da violência e intervenção a crise. Todos os participantes responderam a questões sociodemográficas, à Escala de Percepção sobre o Apoio à Vítima de Violência Doméstica e ao Questionário de Crenças sobre a Violência Intrafamiliar. Os resultados apontam a ausência de mudanças significativas nos escores gerais dos instrumentos entre o pré e o pós-teste para ambos os grupos. Questões pontuais apresentaram melhoras significativas no instrumento de crenças. Pesquisas futuras devem verificar formas de intervenção efetivas com policiais no início da carreira policial.
The importance of the police in cases of intimate partner violence is undeniable. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a brief training for police officers of the city of Curitiba on intimate partner violence. A total of 134 police officers, divided into control (n = 76) and intervention (n = 58) groups, participated in the study. The latter underwent four sessions about definitions of intimate partner violence, the cycle of violence, and crisis intervention. All participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Perception Scale on Domestic Violence Victim Support, and the Questionnaire of Beliefs on Domestic Violence. The results indicate the absence of significant changes in the general scores of the instruments between pre- and post-test for both groups. Three questions presented significant improvements in the Questionnaire of Beliefs on Domestic Violence. Future research should continue to test effective forms of police trainings at the beginning of their careers.
La importancia de ayudar a los agentes de policía en casos de violencia de parejas es innegable. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar una breve intervención con agentes de policía de Curitiba sobre la violencia de parejas. Participaron 134 policías, divididos en grupos control (n = 76) e intervención (n = 58), el último de los cuales recibió cuatro sesiones sobre las definiciones de violencia e intervención em crisis. Todos los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas, la Escala de Percepción sobre el Apoyo de la Víctima de Violencia Doméstica y el Cuestionario sobre Creencias en la Violencia Doméstica. Los resultados apuntan la ausencia de cambios significativos en las puntuaciones generales de los instrumentos entre las pruebas previas y posteriores para ambos grupos. Las preguntas puntuales mostraron mejoras significativas en el instrumento de creencias. La investigación futura debería buscar formas efectivas de intervención con los agentes de policía al principio de sus carreras policiales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Intimate Partner Violence , Mentoring , Psychology , Women , Aggression , EducationABSTRACT
Resumo As pesquisas sobre violência no namoro são desafiadoras pela falta de instrumentos validados na população brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Avaliação de Crenças sobre Violência no Namoro (ACVN). A amostra foi composta por 1.027 estudantes universitários das 5 regiões brasileiras, com idade média de 22,5 anos (DP = 3,7), que responderam 39 itens. Uma Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) foi utilizada em 513 respostas, estabelecendo 3 dimensões com boa consistência interna: Violência Psicológica e Física (α = 0,85), Empatia (α = 0,78) e Stalking (α = 0,87). Uma análise fatorial confirmatória com 514 participantes apresentou adequação. Os resultados demonstram a adequação do instrumento e a possibilidade de uso para população brasileira em pesquisas e intervenções.
Abstract Lack of assessment tools for the Brazilian population is a challenge regarding dating violence. Aim of this study was to analyze psychometric properties of the instrument Evaluation of attitudes on dating violence (EADV). Sample comprised 1,027 university students from five Brazilian regions with a mean age of 22.5 years (SD = 3.7) who answered 39 items. An Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used with 513 participants establishing three dimensions with good internal consistency (Psychological and Physical Violence (α = 0.85), Empathy (α = 0.78), Stalking (α = 0.87)). A confirmatory factorial analysis with 514 participants showed adequate results. Results show the scale reliability and adequacy to its use with the Brazilian population on research and intervention.
Resumen Investigaciones sobre violencia en noviazgo es desafiada por la falta de herramientas de evaluación validadas para la población brasileña. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento Evaluación de actitudes sobre violencia de pareja (EADV). La muestra consistió en 1.027 estudiantes universitarios de cinco regiones brasileñas con edad media de 22.5 años (DE = 3.7) que respondieron 39 ítems. Se utilizó análisis gráfico exploratorio (EGA) con 513 participantes estableciendo tres dimensiones con buena consistencia interna (violencia psicológica y física (α = 0.85), empatía (α = 0.78), stalking (α = 0.87)). Análisis factorial confirmatorio con 514 participantes mostró resultados adecuados. Los resultados demuestran la adecuación del instrumento y la posibilidad de uso para la población brasileña en investigaciones e intervenciones.
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(AU)A Psicologia tem buscado compreender como ocorrem os processos de interesse e percepção sexual, contudo essa área ainda carece de estudos. Buscando compreender o estado da arte da área dos erros de percepção sexual, esta pesquisa realizou uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando o termo "sexual misperception" obtido do APA Thesaurus. Foram pesquisadas as bases PsycNet, Pubmed, Web of Science™, Lilacs, Wiley e Sage Journals. Foram obtidos, ao final dos processos de inclusão e exclusão, 19 artigos. Foi observada uma concentração das pesquisas nos Estados Unidos, com foco nas diferenças de gênero na percepção sexual. Outras variáveis investigadas estavam relacionadas ao consumo de álcool e comportamentos violentos. Os resultados apontam para poucas pesquisas realizadas nos contextos concretos e com elevada utilização de amostras WEIRD (ocidentais, com alto grau de alto escolaridade, de sociedades industrializadas, ricas e democráticas), as quais devem inspirar estudos em outras realidades. (AU)
Psychology tries to understand how the processes of sexual interest and perception occur however this area still needs further investigation. Focusing on understanding the state of the art in the field of sexual perception errors, we carried out a systematic review of the literature using the term sexual misperception obtained from the APA Thesaurus. We reviewed the following databases; PsycNET, PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Wiley, and Sage Journals. After the inclusion and exclusion processes, we obtained 19 articles. Most studies were performed in the United States, with a focus on gender differences in sexual perception. Other variables investigated were alcohol consumption and violent behavior. We identified a small number of studies carried out in real contexts, using exclusively WEIRD (white, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) samples, which should inspire studies in other realities. (AU)
La psicología ha buscado comprender cómo ocurren los procesos de interés y percepción sexual, sin embargo, esta área aún carece de estudios. Buscando comprender el estado del arte en el campo de los errores de percepción sexual, esta investigación llevó a cabo una revisión integradora de la literatura, utilizando el término sexual misperception obtenido del APA Thesauros. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: PsycNet, Pubmed, Web of Science ™, Lilacs, Wiley y Sage Journals. Al finalizar los procesos de inclusión y exclusión, se obtuvieron 19 artículos. Se observó una concentración de investigación en los Estados Unidos con enfoque en las diferencias de género en la percepción sexual. Otras variables investigadas fueron el consumo de alcohol y el comportamiento violento. Se identificó un pequeño número de investigaciones realizadas en contextos reales y con alto uso de muestras WEIRD (occidentales, con alto grado de educación, sociedades industrializadas, ricas y democráticas), que deberían inspirar estudios en otras realidades. (AU)
Subject(s)
Perceptual Distortion , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sex Offenses/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Sex Characteristics , Periodicals as Topic , Sex Factors , Databases, Bibliographic , IndividualityABSTRACT
This study sought to analyze the evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), based on indicators relating to: (1) the internal structure; (2) the internal consistency; (3) the relation with external variables; and (4) the content. The instrument was culturally adapted, focusing on semantic and specifically Brazilian linguistic aspects. The Brazilian version of the FCV-19S was then applied, in a virtual environment, to 211 participants (72.98% female) with an average age of 37.07 years (SD=13.03), together with the Self-Perception Questionnaire on Mental Health in Pandemics and the Sociodemographic and Functional Questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed one-dimensionality. The internal consistency indices obtained (Cronbach's alpha =0.921; McDonald's omega =0.926) can be considered high. The correlation between fear and obsessive thinking of the disease, generalized anxiety, generalized stress, phobic-avoidant behavior and bereavement due to the pandemic was found to be statistically significant. Evidence of the validity related to content, derived from a qualitative approach, were satisfactory. The conclusion drawn is that the Brazilian version of the FCV-19S proved to be adequate regarding the evidence of the expected validity.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), com base em indicadores concernentes: (1) à estrutura interna; (2) à consistência interna; (3) à relação com variáveis externas; e (4) ao conteúdo. Procedeu-se a adaptação cultural do instrumento, com foco em aspectos semânticos e linguísticos próprios do Brasil. A seguir, esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S foi aplicada, em um ambiente virtual, em 211 participantes (72,98% do sexo feminino), com idade média de 37,07 anos (DP=13,03), juntamente com o Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental em Pandemia e o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Funcional. A análise fatorial confirmatória atestou unidimensionalidade. Os índices de consistência interna obtidos (alfa de Cronbach =0,921; ômega de McDonald =0,926) podem ser considerados elevados. Constatou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre medo e pensamento obsessivo, ansiedade generalizada, estresse generalizado, comportamento fóbico-evitativo e vivência de luto pela pandemia. As evidências de validade relativas ao conteúdo, oriundas de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram satisfatórias. Conclui-se que esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S mostrou-se adequada quanto às evidências de validade contempladas.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adult , Fear , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), com base em indicadores concernentes: (1) à estrutura interna; (2) à consistência interna; (3) à relação com variáveis externas; e (4) ao conteúdo. Procedeu-se a adaptação cultural do instrumento, com foco em aspectos semânticos e linguísticos próprios do Brasil. A seguir, esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S foi aplicada, em um ambiente virtual, em 211 participantes (72,98% do sexo feminino), com idade média de 37,07 anos (DP=13,03), juntamente com o Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental em Pandemia e o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Funcional. A análise fatorial confirmatória atestou unidimensionalidade. Os índices de consistência interna obtidos (alfa de Cronbach =0,921; ômega de McDonald =0,926) podem ser considerados elevados. Constatou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre medo e pensamento obsessivo, ansiedade generalizada, estresse generalizado, comportamento fóbico-evitativo e vivência de luto pela pandemia. As evidências de validade relativas ao conteúdo, oriundas de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram satisfatórias. Conclui-se que esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S mostrou-se adequada quanto às evidências de validade contempladas.
Abstract This study sought to analyze the evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), based on indicators relating to: (1) the internal structure; (2) the internal consistency; (3) the relation with external variables; and (4) the content. The instrument was culturally adapted, focusing on semantic and specifically Brazilian linguistic aspects. The Brazilian version of the FCV-19S was then applied, in a virtual environment, to 211 participants (72.98% female) with an average age of 37.07 years (SD=13.03), together with the Self-Perception Questionnaire on Mental Health in Pandemics and the Sociodemographic and Functional Questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed one-dimensionality. The internal consistency indices obtained (Cronbach's alpha =0.921; McDonald's omega =0.926) can be considered high. The correlation between fear and obsessive thinking of the disease, generalized anxiety, generalized stress, phobic-avoidant behavior and bereavement due to the pandemic was found to be statistically significant. Evidence of the validity related to content, derived from a qualitative approach, were satisfactory. The conclusion drawn is that the Brazilian version of the FCV-19S proved to be adequate regarding the evidence of the expected validity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , COVID-19 , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Fear , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic impacting child protection services (CPSs) in many countries. With quarantine and social distancing restrictions, school closures, and recreational venues suspended or providing reduced access, the social safety net for violence prevention has been disrupted significantly. Impacts include the concerns of underreporting and increased risk of child abuse and neglect, as well as challenges in operating CPSs and keeping their workforce safe. OBJECTIVE: The current discussion paper explored the impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment reports and CPS responses by comparing countries using available population data. METHOD: Information was gathered from researchers in eight countries, including contextual information about the country's demographics and economic situation, key elements of the CPS, and the CPS response to COVID-19. Where available, information about other factors affecting children was also collected. These data informed a discussion about between-country similarities and differences. RESULTS: COVID-19 had significant impact on the operation of every CPS, whether in high- income or low-income countries. Most systems encountered some degree of service disruption or change. Risk factors for children appeared to increase while there were often substantial deficits in CPS responses, and in most countries there was at a temporary decrease in CM reports despite the increased risks to children. CONCLUSIONS: The initial data presented and discussed among the international teams pointed to the way COVID-19 has hampered CPS responses and the protection of children more generally in most jurisdictions, highlighting that children appear to have been at greater risk for maltreatment during COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Child Abuse , Child Protective Services , Adult , Australia , Brazil , COVID-19/psychology , Canada , Child , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Protective Services/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Female , Germany , Humans , Income , Israel , Male , Poverty , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , South AfricaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic deeply affected child protection professionals. One potential area of concern is whether and how the pandemic has dampened these individuals' ability to engage in the resilient practices that are so vital to their wellbeing. OBJECTIVE: Within the unique and understudied context of a developing economy facing the strain of an international pandemic, this study sought to expand our theoretical understanding of the individual and socio-ecological predictors of whether child protective services professionals engage in resilient behaviors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Three hundred and nine professionals working in child protection related fields (e.g., psychologists, social workers, professors, pediatricians, nurses, and other clinicians). METHODS: Participants were surveyed as to their demographics, current work conditions, their engagement in resilient behaviors, and potential individual and socio-ecological predictors of those behaviors. RESULTS: Both job support for and individuals' beliefs of the importance of resilient behaviors predicted their engagement in such behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Child protection professionals' resilience must be fostered by socio-ecological contexts, such as their workplace and employers, and additional supports are needed during the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Social Workers/psychology , Adult , Brazil , Child Protective Services , Female , Humans , Male , Pandemics , Surveys and Questionnaires , WorkplaceABSTRACT
Alcohol use among university students has received considerate attention in recent years due to its serious consequences. There is insufficient data in terms of the relationship between child abuse history and future use of alcohol in such a group. In addition, little is known about the effects of polyvictimization (lifetime multiple victimization experiences) on the consumption of these young adults. This study has examined whether a history of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or child abuse is related to alcohol consumption. Particular attention was given to different forms of victimization (physical, psychological, sexual abuse, and exposure to IPV) occurring over the life of the individual. A questionnaire that underwent a process of adaptation in two pilot studies, incorporating the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and questions about child abuse history, was used. The questionnaire was applied to 1,452 students in Brazil. Child abuse and polyvictimization were related to higher alcohol intake and binge consumption in the last 3 months. Physical, psychological, and exposure to IPV were polyvictimization forms with the most impact on alcohol consumption. The study points out the need to initiate prevention strategies among Brazilian university students for a decrease of harmful alcohol consumption, as well as prevention of family violence.
Subject(s)
Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking in College/psychology , Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Crime Victims/psychology , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/psychology , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Male , Students/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Young AdultABSTRACT
The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between partner's jealousy and the anxiety level presented by male domestic abusers, comparing these variables with men of similar age, socio-economic status, and educational level, without a history of domestic violence. The sample consisted of 20 male abusers and 20 men without a history of violence towards their partner. A Batterer Semi-Structured Interview on Family of Origin; the Romantic Jealousy Scale; and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. The groups did not differ statistically regarding age, education, and income; however, they were statistically different regarding the variables jealousy and anxiety levels. Abusers presented higher scores on jealousy and anxiety than non-abusers It is suggested that jealousy combined with anxiety may contribute to intimate partner violence. Future studies could further investigate this possibility using larger samples.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre o ciúme da parceira e o nível de ansiedade de homens perpetradores de violência, comparando essas variáveis com homens sem histórico de violência doméstica de idade, com status socioeconômico e escolaridade semelhantes. A amostra foi composta por 20 perpetradores de violência e 20 homens sem histórico de violência contra a mulher. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Roteiro de Entrevista Individual Semiestruturada da Família de Origem do Agressor, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e Escala de Ciúme Romântico. Ambos os grupos não diferiram estatisticamente em relação a idade, escolaridade e renda. No entanto, os grupos foram estatisticamente diferentes em termos das variáveis ciúme e níveis de ansiedade. Os perpetradores de violência apresentaram maiores escores no ciúme e na ansiedade do que homens sem histórico de agressão. Sugere-se que o ciúme combinado à ansiedade excessiva pode contribuir para a Violência do Parceiro Íntimo. Estudos futuros poderiam investigar essa possibilidade com amostras maiores.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety , Violence Against Women , JealousyABSTRACT
A resiliência é um dos construtos que tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores em Psicologia pela sua associação com consequências positivas para o desenvolvimento. Esse trabalho apresenta uma revisão crítica do conceito de resiliência na área da Psicologia e suas implicações para o Desenvolvimento Humano. A definição atual de resiliência aponta para uma adaptação do indivíduo para situações aversivas, estressantes ou negativas. Essa adaptação pode ser promovida através de características individuais, apoio emocional e apoio social. Novas variáveis, como esperança e otimismo, merecem destaque pelos seus impactos na promoção da resiliência. Fatores de risco e proteção para o desenvolvimento da resiliência são cada vez mais abordados e utilizados como possíveis promotores de um desenvolvimento sadio. A resiliência e seus comportamentos associados devem receber atenção dos profissionais de saúde, em especial pela possibilidade de que venham a compor a rede de proteção de crianças, adolescentes e adultos.(AU)
Resilience is one of the constructs that has drawn the attention of Psychology to its association with the positive consequences for human development. This work presents a critical review the concept of resilience in Psychology and its importance for Human Development. A current definition of resilience points to an adaptation to aversive, stressful or negative situations. This adaptation can be promoted through individual characteristics, emotional and social support. Variables, such as hope and optimism, stand out because of their impact on promoting resilience. Risk and protective factors for resilience development are been addressed and used as possible promoters of a healthy development. Resilience and related behaviors should be fostered by health professionals for the possibility of forming a network of protection for children, adolescents, and adults.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adaptation, Psychological , Human Development , Resilience, Psychological , PsychologyABSTRACT
O presente estudo visa analisar a confiabilidade do "Questionário sobre Crenças a Respeito da Violência Intrafamiliar". Participaram 41 estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de uma universidade no interior de São Paulo e 39 profissionais autônomos. Testes de confiabilidade apresentaram alpha de Cronbach adequado (0,868), com resultados mais elevados retirando as questões com baixa correlação (0,894) indicando boa mensuração das crenças pelo instrumento. O teste Anova indicou que as respostas estavam relacionadas com a atividade do participante, com os estudantes classificando um maior número de afirmações de maneira adequada. Entendendo a importância de se compreender as crenças sobre violência intrafamiliar que permeiam as práticas dos profissionais da saúde, essa pesquisa investiga um instrumento para aplicação prática e clínica da avaliação de crenças em profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde.
This study aims to analyze the reliability of the "Questionnaire on Beliefs about Family Violence". Participated 41 medical and nursing students attending a university in São Paulo and 39 professionals. Reliability tests showed adequate Cronbach's alpha (0.868), with higher results removing low correlation questions (0.894) indicating good measure of beliefs by the instrument. The Anova test showed that responses were associated with the participant's activity, with students having a greater number of adequate answers. Understanding the importance of attitudes about intrafamilial violence of health care professionals, this research investigates an instrument for clinical and practical purposes on professionals and students.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la confiabilidad del "Cuestionario sobre Creencias de la Violencia Intrafamiliar". Participaron 41 estudiantes de medicina y de enfermería de una universidad de São Paulo y 39 profesionales. Pruebas de confiabilidad mostraron un adecuado alfa de Cronbach (0,868), con resultados más altos quitando preguntas de correlación baja (0,894) lo que indica una buena medida de las creencias por el instrumento. La prueba de Anova mostró que las respuestas se asociaron con la actividad del participante, y los estudiantes tenían un mayor número de respuestas adecuadas. Comprehendiendo la importancia de las creencias sobre violencia en la familia por los profesionales de la salud, esa investigación investiga un instrumento para profesionales y estudiantes con propósitos prácticos y clínicos.