[Problems for discussion on contraception for women after childbirth]. / Diskussionnye voprosy kontratseptsii u zhenshchin posle rodov.

PIP: Questionnaires were administered to 300 postpartum women in 3 delivery wards in Moscow to determine their opinions about contraceptives. Similarly, 100 gynecologists-obstetricians were queried in 2 wards, at 2 counseling sites for women, and at regional seminars of gynecologists-obstetricians. 52% of the physicians recommended the condom to nursing mothers whenever sexual activity was resumed and the IUD from the 3rd and 4th month on. 60% of the doctors thought that women who were not breast feeding could similarly start using the condom and from the 3rd and 4th month either the IUD (82%) or oral contraceptives (36%). 71.1% of the women were under 30 years of age, and were relatively well educated. 68% of them had their first birth, 28.3% had their second, only 3.7% had their third or higher order of births. 35% of the women did not plan the present pregnancy. 81% of the women were using contraception up to the time of the present pregnancy, and the most popular methods were coitus interruptus (36.3%), the rhythm method (35.3%), the condom (28.3%), the IUD (13%), and hormonal methods (10.6%). Although 46.3% of the women preferred the IUD after birth, only 7.3% of them preferred hormonal preparations. In this study 71.5% of the mothers were breast feeding their infants. 13.5% of the women had gestosis in the 2nd half of the pregnancy, 5.8% had anemia, and 21.3% experienced the threat of miscarriage. In 12.9% of the cases there were other pathologies unrelated to pregnancy, and 14% of the births were accomplished by means of cesarean section. Only 12.1% and 13% of the women, respectively, received information about postpartum contraception at the women's counseling sites and delivery wards. 46.3% of the women wanted to use IUDs, but only 7.3% wanted to use hormonal preparations. Only about half of the women expressed their opinion about sterilization: 23% were against it, while 29.7% were for it. The results indicated that the preparation of women for postpartum contraception should already start at the counseling place during pregnancy.^ieng

[New methodological approaches to assessing pregnancy outcomes]. / Novye metodicheskie podkhody k otsenke iskhodov beremennosti.

The authors present new methodologic approaches to analysis of the efficacy of maternity and childhood protection: reproductive loss, fetal and neonatal mortality comprising stillborns and infants dead before the age of 1 year, coefficient of late to early infant mortality, and population working potential loss. The said indexes were calculated for four territories of the Russian Federation. The results demonstrate a high share of induced abortions (the mean value 65%) among the causes of reproductive loss. A high share of perinatal loss (feto-neonatal mortality) necessitates increase of resources allotted to perinatal technology to 70%, this value being associated with working potential loss: 11.9 thousand man-years among men and 9.0 thousand man-years among women.

[The postpartum period following preterm labor]. / Poslerodovyi period posle prezhdevremennykh rodov.

The course of the puerperium following the preterm labour is considered. The hormonal and lactation characteristics are analysed, and their characteristics are compared with those obtained following the term labour.