Efficacy of treatment for hyperglycemic crisis in elderly diabetic patients in a day hospital.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare the costs of day hospital (DH) care for hyperglycemic crisis in elderly diabetic patients with those of conventional hospitalization (CH). Secondary objectives were to compare these two clinical scenarios in terms of glycemic control, number of emergency and outpatient visits, readmissions, hypoglycemic episodes, and nosocomial morbidity. METHODS: The study population comprised diabetic patients aged >74 years consecutively admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Spain for hyperglycemic crisis (sustained hyperglycemia [>300 mg/dL] for at least 3 days with or without ketosis). The patients were assigned to DH or CH care according to time of admission and were followed for 6 months after discharge. Exclusion criteria were ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar crisis, hemodynamic instability, severe intercurrent illness, social deprivation, or Katz index >D. RESULTS: Sixty-four diabetic patients on DH care and 36 on CH care were included, with no differences in baseline characteristics. The average cost per patient was 1,345.1±793.6 € in the DH group and 2,212.4±982.5 € in the CH group (P<0.001). There were no differences in number of subjects with mild hypoglycemia during follow-up (45.3% DH versus 33.3% CH, P=0.24), nor in the percentage of patients achieving a glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) <8% (67.2% DH versus 58.3% CH, P=0.375). Readmissions for hyperglycemic crisis and pressure ulcer rates were significantly higher in the CH group. CONCLUSION: DH care for hyperglycemic crises is more cost-effective than CH care, with a net saving of 1,418.4 € per case, lower number of readmissions and pressure ulcer rates, and similar short-term glycemic control and hypoglycemia rates.

Role of A1c in the postpartum screening of women with gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether A1c detects a different prediabetes prevalence in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to those diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the influence of haemoglobin concentrations on A1c levels. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We evaluated carbohydrate metabolism status by performing OGTT and A1c tests in 141 postpartum women with prior GDM in the first year post-delivery. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of prediabetes was 41.8%. Prevalence of isolated A1c 5.7-6.4%, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 10.6%, 7.1%, and 9.2%, respectively. Isolated A1c 5.7-6.4% was associated with Caucasian origin (66.7% versus 32.6%, p = 0.02) and with higher LDL cholesterol concentrations (123 ± 28.4 mg/dl versus 101.6 ± 19.2 mg/dl, p = 0.037) compared with patients diagnosed by OGTT (IFG or IGT). Women with postpartum anaemia had similar A1c levels to those with normal haemoglobin concentrations (5.5% ± 0.6% versus 5.4% ± 0.4%, p = 0.237). CONCLUSIONS: Use of A1c in postpartum screening of women with GDM detected an additional 10.6% of patients with prediabetes and a more adverse lipid profile. Haemoglobin concentrations did not influence A1c values.

Magnitud del problema: epidemiología del síndrome metabólico y de la diabetes tipo 2 en España / Magnitude of the problem: epidemiology of metabolic syndrome and tpe 2 diabetes in Spain

Las estimaciones epidemiológicas realizadas sobre diabetes tipo 2 en España únicamente consideran la prevalencia actual de la diabetes y de sus complicaciones. No obstante, estas cifras pueden variar considerablemente de manera favorable gracias a la puesta en marcha de programas de prevención, ya sea de la diabetes, o bien de sus complicaciones. En cuanto a la diabetes, si los factores que se han demostrado claramente como predisponentes y modificables disminuyen, puede hacerlo consecuentemente también lá enfermedad. Éste es el caso de la obesidad, el sedentarismo, el tabaquismo o las dietas poco equilibradas. En cuanto a las complicaciones de la enfermedad, tanto el adecuado control de la diabetes, como el de la hipertensión arterial, el de la hipercolesterolemia y el abandono del hábito tabáquico, son factores decisivos para evitarlas y, por tanto, debemos pensar que pueden disminuir en un futuro próximo las cifras que se desprenden del análisis de los datos publicados y que se exponen en este trabajo

Epidemiologic approaches on type 2 diabetes in Spain only focus on the actual prevalence of the disease and its complications. However, these data may improve in the future due to on-going prevention programs either for type 2 diabetes but also for its complications. Focusing on diabetes, if predisposing but also modifiable factors reduce their prevalence, probably the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will also diminish. Some examples of this strategy are obesity, sedentary life, smoking and poorly balanced diet. Related to diabetes complications, it is important besides a good glycemic control of diabetes to reduce other cardiovascular factors such hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking. In a near future, data on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications will be better with more effective prevention strategies

Variables en el triage de urgencias que contribuyen a la correcta ubicación de los pacientes que consultan por disnea / Variables at the emergency department triage wich help the correct location of patients who present dyspnea

Objetivos: Determinar qué variables pueden ser útiles en el triage, para asignar los pacientes que consultan por disnea en el área adecuada de urgencias. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 112 pacientes que consultaron por disnea con una saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2) > 90 por ciento, ubicados inicialmente en el nivel I (pacientes leves). Se recogieron datos de filiación, SaO2 mediante pulsioxímetro, constantes vitales, antecedentes patológicos y evolución clínica. Resultados: Se detectaron 25 pacientes mal ubicados en el nivel I. Estos presentaban, respecto a los bien ubicados, una significativa menor SaO2 (95,6 ñ 2,36 por ciento vs 96,8 ñ 2,06 por ciento; p a 37,5°C.Conclusiones: La frecuencia respiratoria, la temperatura y el antecedente de EPOC, son herramientas útiles en el triage para la ubicación de los pacientes que consultan por disnea con una SaO2 > 90 por ciento (AU)