ABSTRACT
Worksites with on-site operations have experienced coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks. We analyzed data for 698 nonresidential, nonhealthcare worksite COVID-19 outbreaks investigated in Los Angeles County, California, USA, during March 19, 2020âSeptember 30, 2020, by using North American Industry Classification System sectors and subsectors. Nearly 60% of these outbreaks occurred in 3 sectors: manufacturing (n = 184, 26.4%), retail trade (n = 137, 19.6%), and transportation and warehousing (n = 73, 10.5%). The largest number of outbreaks and largest number and highest incidence rate of outbreak-associated cases occurred in manufacturing. Furthermore, 7 of the 10 industry subsectors with the highest incidence rates were within manufacturing. Approximately 70% of outbreak-associated case-patients reported Hispanic ethnicity. Facilities employing more on-site staff had larger and longer outbreaks. Identification of highly affected industry sectors and subsectors is necessary for targeted public health planning, outreach, and response, including ensuring vaccine access, to reduce burden of COVID-19 in vulnerable workers.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Workplace , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Humans , Los Angeles/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , United StatesABSTRACT
PCV7 use in the U.S. has led to notable decreases in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined PCV7 influence on IPD mortality for all age groups using National Multiple-Cause-of-Death data (1990-2005). Age-specific mortality rates were compared before and after PCV7 use. Average decreases in age-adjusted mortality rates for meningitis and septicemia accelerated post-PCV7, the greatest decline observed in septicemia-related deaths. The youngest and oldest age groups experienced large decreases in age-specific mortality rates after the introduction of PCV7. Mortality rate decline across all age groups strengthens evidence of vaccine-induced herd immunity and provides additional information for cost-benefit analyses of PCV7.
