Development of local anesthetic drug delivery system by administration of organo-silica nanoformulations under ultrasound stimuli: in vitro and in vivo investigations.

The development of local anesthetic (LA) system is the application of commercial drug for the pain management that indorses the reversible obstructive mechanism of neural transmission through preventing the innervation process in human peripheral nerves. Ropivacaine (RV) is one of the greatest frequently used LA s with the actions of long-lasting and low-toxicity for the post-operative pain management. In this work, we have approached novel design and development of glycosylated chitosan (GCS) encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GCS-MONPs)-based nano-scaffold for sustainable distributions and controlled/supported arrival of stacked RV for targeting sites, which can be activated by either outer ultrasound activating to discharge the payload, foundation on-request and dependable analgesia. The structural and morphology analyses result established that prepared nano-formulations have successful molecular interactions and RV loaded spherical morphological structures. The drug release profile of developed nanostructure with ultrasound-activation has been achieved 50% of drug release in 2 h and 90% of drug release was achieved in 12 h, which displays more controlled release when compared to free RV solution. The in vitro cell compatibility analysis exhibited GCS-MONPs with RV has improved neuron cell survival rates when compared to other samples due to its porous surface and suitable biopolymer proportions. The analysis of ex vitro and in vivo pain relief analysis demonstrated treated animal models have high compatibility with GCS-MONPs@RV, which was confirmed by histomorphology. This developed MONPs based formulations with ultrasound-irradiation gives a prospective technique to clinical agony the board through on-request and dependable help with discomfort.

Seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus infection among people under 60 years old in Ma’anshan City, 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the current epidemic and immunity status of hepatitis B virus in Ma’anshan City, and to compare the prevention and control effect after the adjustment of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 10 investigation points in the whole city, a random sample of 3 460 people under 60 years old was included according to urban and rural stratification. questionnaires and blood were collected from the subjects, and domestic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for hepatitis B immunoglobulins detection. Results The total positive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 3.32%, 51.21% and 29.16% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAb in urban area was higher than that in rural area ( 2=28.204, P<0.001). The positive rate of HBsAb was significantly different between the medical and nursing staff and other occupational groups ( 2=22.772, P<0.001). The difference of HBsAb positive rate before and after HepB vaccine content adjustment was statistically significant ( 2=90.331, P<0.001). The rate of HepB decreased with age ( 2trend=1 984.342, P<0.001). Conclusions Since HepB was incorporated into the immunization program, hepatitis B prevention and control in school-age children has achieved remarkable results. More attention should be paid on the low positive rate of HBsAb in students and the low immunization rate of HepB in adults.