Synthesis of Gemini-type imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt using by-product fatty acid as corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel.

Gemini-type imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt is a new type of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor has been widely used in engineering materials. However, most of them are hazardous/toxic compounds derived from petroleum-based products, which did harm to environment. In this work, an environmentally friendly Gemini-shaped imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor (G211) was synthesized using cheap fatty acid recycled from dimer acid industry as feedstock. The corrosion inhibition effects of G211 on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution were investigated through weight loss experiments, potential polarization curves, and alternating current impedance spectroscopy experiments. The results show that the inhibition rate of G211 as a mixed-type inhibitor is up to 94.4% and the concentration drop as low as 500 ppm at 25 â„ƒ. The adsorption of G211 on Q235 surface follows Langmuir adsorption isothermal curve. The chemical composition of the Q235 steel surface was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the possible corrosion inhibition mechanism of G211 on the surface of Q235 steel is proposed. This article not only presents an outstanding solution for safeguarding Q235 steel against corrosion but also introduces a feasible method for high-value utilization of monomer acid (MA).

Increased Attenuation of Intestinal Contents at CT Indicates Bowel Necrosis in Closed-Loop Small Bowel Obstruction.

Background Preoperative recognition of irreversible bowel necrosis is important, as it provides valuable guidance for surgical strategy selection but also may inform perioperative risk assessment and communication. Few studies have focused on the association between CT signs and bowel necrosis. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT signs to predict bowel necrosis in patients with closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO). Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study included patients who were surgically confirmed to have CL-SBO caused by adhesion or internal hernia between January 2016 and May 2022. Necrosis was determined based on surgical exploration and postoperative pathologic examination. Two radiologists independently reviewed CT signs by both subjective visual assessment and objective measurement. Disagreements were resolved in consensus with a third gastrointestinal radiologist. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the association between CT signs and bowel necrosis, and Cohen κ was used to assess interobserver agreement. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each CT sign. Results This study included 145 patients: 61 (42.1%) in the necrotic group (median age, 62 years [IQR, 51-71.5 years]; 37 [60.7%] women) and 84 (57.9%) in the nonnecrotic group (median age, 61.5 years [IQR, 51-68.8 years]; 51 [60.7%] women). Univariable analysis and multivariable analysis showed that increased attenuation of intestinal contents and increased attenuation of intestinal wall were independent predictors for bowel necrosis (odds ratio = 45.3 and 15.1; P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Increased attenuation of intestinal contents and increased attenuation of intestinal wall had similar sensitivity (64% and 67%, respectively) and specificity (99% and 92%, respectively) for predicting bowel necrosis. However, interobserver agreement was better for assessing the contents than the wall (κ = 0.84 and 0.59, respectively). Conclusion Increased attenuation of intestinal contents was a highly specific CT sign with good reproducibility to predict bowel necrosis in CL-SBO. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Taourel and Zins in this issue.

Prediction of bowel necrosis by reduced bowel wall enhancement in closed-loop small bowel obstruction: Quantitative methods.

PURPOSE: To assess diagnostic performance and reproducibility of reduced bowel wall enhancement evaluated by quantitative methods using CT to identify bowel necrosis among closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO) patients. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included patients who diagnosed with CL-SBO caused by adhesion or internal hernia during January 2016 and May 2022. Patients were divided into necrotic group (n = 41) and non-necrotic group (n = 67) according to surgical exploration and postoperative pathology. Two doctors independently measured the attenuation of bowel wall and consensus was reached through panel discussion with a third gastrointestinal radiologist. Reduced bowel wall enhancement was assessed by four quantitative methods. Univariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between each method and bowel necrosis, and kappa/intraclass correlation coefficient values were used to assess interobserver agreement. Diagnostic performance parameters were calculated for each method. RESULTS: Reduced bowel wall enhancement in arterial phase (OR 8.98, P < 0.0001), reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase (OR 16.84, P < 0.001), adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in arterial phase (OR 29.48, P < 0.001), adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase (OR 145.69, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with bowel necrosis. Adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase had the best diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.92; Youden index: 0.84; specificity: 94.03 %) and interobserver agreement (kappa value of 0.59-0.73) to predict bowel necrosis. CONCLUSION: When assessing reduced bowel enhancement to predict bowel necrosis among CL-SBO patients, using unenhanced CT images and proximal dilated loop as standard references in portal phase is the most accurate quantitative method among those tested.

Developing novel imidazoline-modified glucose derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel.

Many natural compounds and imidazoline derivatives have been previously evaluated as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for application in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Herein, a novel alkyl glycoside cationic imaginary ammonium salt (FATG) was designed via the grafting of imidazoline molecules into the skeleton of a glucose derivative, and its effects on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in 1 M HCl were systemically investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP), and gravimetric measurements. The results indicated that its maximum inhibition efficiency (IE) was 96.81% at a concentration as low as 500 ppm. The adsorption of FATG on the Q235 steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffraction X-ray (XRD) results suggested the formation of inhibitor film on the metal surface, which significantly impeded the corrosion of Q235 steel. Additionally, FATG showed a high biodegradability efficiency (98.4%), which had great potential as a green corrosion inhibitor based on concepts of greenness and biocompatibility.

Development and verification of the glycolysis-associated and immune-related prognosis signature for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refers to the malignant tumor associated with a high mortality rate. This work focused on identifying a robust tumor glycolysis-immune-related gene signature to facilitate the prognosis prediction of HCC cases. Methods: This work adopted t-SNE algorithms for predicting glycolysis status in accordance with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-derived cohort transcriptome profiles. In addition, the Cox regression model was utilized together with LASSO to identify prognosis-related genes (PRGs). In addition, the results were externally validated with the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Results: Accordingly, the glycolysis-immune-related gene signature, which consisted of seven genes, PSRC1, CHORDC1, KPNA2, CDCA8, G6PD, NEIL3, and EZH2, was constructed based on TCGA-HCC patients. Under a range of circumstances, low-risk patients had extended overall survival (OS) compared with high-risk patients. Additionally, the developed gene signature acted as the independent factor, which was significantly associated with clinical stage, grade, portal vein invasion, and intrahepatic vein invasion among HCC cases. In addition, as revealed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the model showed high efficiency. Moreover, the different glycolysis and immune statuses between the two groups were further revealed by functional analysis. Conclusion: Our as-constructed prognosis prediction model contributes to HCC risk stratification.

Determination of surgical margins in laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy of neuroendocrine tumors liver metastases using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of heterogenous tumors originating from neuroendocrine system. Approximately, 40 percent will go through liver metastases, and liver-directed therapy was proved to improve the survival outcome. Parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy is advocated for the resection of NETs liver metastases while the possible relatively low negative margin rate is concerned. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging provides a real-time navigation on determination of surgical margins in colorectal cancer liver metastases. However, there was no previous study that reported the applications of ICG fluorescence imaging in NETs liver metastases. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and security of using ICG fluorescence imaging to determine surgical margins of NETs liver metastases during operation. METHODS: A retrospective two-arm cohort study was performed on 25 consecutive patients with NETs liver metastases who underwent laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy (LPSH). Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not the ICG fluorescence imaging was used. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, pathology results, and surgical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total of 145 tumors pathologically diagnosed with NETs liver metastases were resected from 25 patients. The pathological results indicated negative margins in all tumors (102/102) in LPSH with ICG fluorescence imaging group. The negative margin rate was significantly higher in LPSH using the ICG fluorescence imaging (100% v.s 88.4%, p = 0.002). Surgical outcomes, including operation time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative transfusion rate, and postoperative morbidity, were comparable between LPSH with and without ICG fluorescence imaging groups. CONCLUSION: ICG fluorescence imaging showed the potential to identify tumor boundaries and determine surgical margins. This technique may serve as a valuable intraoperative navigation in patients with NETs liver metastases.