[Chemical constituents from petroleum ether fraction of Swertia chirayita and their activities in vitro].

The present work is to study the chemical constituents from petroleum ether fraction of Tibetan medicine Swertia chirayita by column chromatography and recrystallization. The structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data as swerchirin (1), decussatin (2), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (3), 1-hydroxy-3,5,7,8-tetramethoxyxanthone (4), bellidifolin (5), 1-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (6), methylswertianin (7), 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (8), erythrodiol (9), oleanolic acid (10), gnetiolactone (11), scopoletin (12), sinapaldehyde (13), syringaldehyde (14), and ß-sitosterol (15). Compounds 3, 4, 9, 11-14 were isolated from S. chirayita for the first time. Compounds 9 and 12 were firstly isolated from the genus Swertia. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 against human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and BxPC-3,and the protective effects of these compounds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in human endothelium-derived EA.hy926 were investigated in vitro. The results showed no obvious effect at the high concentration of 50 µmol•L⁻¹.

Antitumor evaluation and multiple analysis on different extracted fractions of the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight.

The root of Cynanchum auriculatum (C. auriculatum) Royle ex Wight has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects and has recently attracted much attention with respect to its potential role in antitumor activity. The C-21 steroidal glycosides are commonly accepted as the major active ingredients of C. auriculatum. In this study, the antitumor abilities of different extracted fractions of the root bark and the root tuber of C. auriculatum were investigated by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in human cancer cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721. The results showed that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root tuber suppressed tumor cell growth strongly. To identify and characterize the chemical constituents of different active fractions, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of eight C-21 steroidal glycosides. The analysis revealed that the C-21 steroidal glycosides were concentrated in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, and the total contents of different fractions in the root tuber were significantly higher than those of corresponding ones in the root bark. Furthermore, the C-21 steroidal glycosides based on different types of aglucones were prone in different medicinal parts of C. auriculatum.

Screening of Intestinal Bacterial Metabolites of Platycodin D Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Platycodin D (PD), a bioactive triterpenoid saponin isolated from Platycodi Radix (PR), possesses a vast range of biological activities. Although the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics of PD have been well demonstrated, information regarding the intestinal metabolisms of PD is very limited. In this study, human and rat fecal microflora were prepared and anaerobically incubated with PD at 37[Formula: see text]C for 48[Formula: see text]h, respectively. A highly sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed for the analysis of PD and related metabolites in the reaction samples. A Liquid-liquid extraction method was used for sample pretreatment and the chromatographic separation was performed on a 1.7 [Formula: see text]m particle size Syncronis C[Formula: see text] column using gradient elution system. Finally, a total of seven metabolites were detected and tentatively identified, such as the demethylation metabolite (M1), deoxidation metabolites (M3, M7) and hydrolysis at the C-28 oligosaccharide metabolites (M5, M6), which were first discovered in this experiment. The results indicate that hydrolysis, demethylation, dehydroxylation, and acetylation were the major metabolic pathways of PDin vitro. Additionally, four bacterial strains from human feces including Enterococcus sp.41, Bacillus sp.46, Escherichia sp.49 A and Escherichia sp.64 were detected and further identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing due to their relatively strong metabolic capacity toward PD. The present study provides important information about the metabolism of PD, which will help elucidate the impact of intestinal bacteria on this active component.

Two new compounds from Scolopendra multidens Newport.

Two new compounds, 5ß-pregnane-2α,6α,20(S)-triol (1) and 8-hydroxyl-3-methoxyl-2(1H)-quinolone (2), were isolated from Scolopendra multidens Newport. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-TOF-MS.

A new cytotoxic dinaphthofuran-7,12-dione derivatives from the seeds of Impatiens balsamina.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of seeds of Impatiens balsamina. METHODS: The chemical constituents of the plant were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral date. RESULTS: A new dinaphthofuran-7,12-dione derivative, named balsaminone C(1), with another two known dinaphthofuran-7,12-dione derivatives, balsaminone A (2), balsaminone B (3) were isolated. CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound. These compounds exhibit cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines A549, Bel-7402 and Hela. Compound 1 is worth to be further studied as potential anticancer agent.

[Studies on the chemical constituents in fruits of Acanthopanax gracilistylus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the fruits of Acanthopanax gracilistylus. METHODS: The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel, ODS C-18, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatogram. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as acankoreoside D(1), 3alpha, 11alpha-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid(2), 3/3-([O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl] oxy) -olean-12-ene-28-olc acid (3),3beta-([O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl]oxy)-28-O-P3-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-ene-28-olc acid(4),oleanolic acid-3-O-6'-O-methyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside(5), acantrifoside A(6), acankoreoside A(7), (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid(8), protocatechuic acid (9),beta-sitosterol(10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2-5 are obtained from the fruits of the plant for the first time.

Two new flavone glycosides from the seeds of Impatiens balsamina L.

Two new flavone glycosides were isolated from the seeds of Impatiens balsamina L. and their structures were determined as quercetin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnose-(1 → 2)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl]-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1), and quercetin-3-O-[(6'''-O-caffeoyl)-α-L-rhamnose-(1 → 2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl]-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2) on the basis of various spectral and chemical studies.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from the stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus. METHODS: The chemical constituents of the plant were isolated and puried by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as (2S,3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-pentadecanoylamino]-heptacosane-1,3,4-triol-8-ene(1a),(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-octadecanoylamino]-lignocer-ane-1,3,4-triol-8-ene(1b), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E) -2-[(2'R) -2'-hydroxy-heneicosanoylamino]-heneicosane-1,3,4-triol-8-ene (1c), (2S, 3S,4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R) -2'-hydroxy-docosanoylamino] -eicosane-1,3,4-triol-8-ene (1d), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-trico-sanoylamino]-nonadecane-1,3,4-triol-8-ene (1e), (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-lignocera-noylamino]-cctadecane-1,3,4-tri-ol-8-ene(1f), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-pentadecanoylamino]-nonadecane-1, 3, 4-triol-8-ene (2), 16alpha-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-ocid (3), 16alphaH, 17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4), coniferin (5), syringin (6), eleutheroside D (7), stigmasterol (8), beta-sitosterol (9), daucosterol (10), pentacosanoic acid (11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1a - f, 2 are isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 4, 5, 11 are firstly obtained from Acanthopanax gracilistylus.

[Chemical constituents of Changium smyrnioides].

OBJECTIVE: To study chemical constituents of Changium smyrnioides Wolff. METHODS: The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel column and recrystallization. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as lignoceric acid (1), beta-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen (4), glycerylmonopalmitate (5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6), succinic acid (7), vanillic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8 ), vanillic acid (9), daucosterol (10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 are obtained from the plant for the first time.

A new triterpenoid saponin from the fruits of Polygonum orientale.

To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Polygonum orientale L., silica gel and ODS column chromatography methods were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Three compounds were identified as 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3beta, 7beta-dihydroxy-lup-20 (29)-en-28-oate (1), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (2) and naringenin (3). Compound 1 is a new triterpenoid saponin and others were isolated from the fruits of this plant for the first time.

Dammarane triterpenes from Ligustrum lucidum.

Two new dammarane triterpenes 3beta-acetyl-20S,24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-20-ol (1), 20S,24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-3beta,20-diol (2), as well as three known dammarane triterpenes, 3beta-acetyl-20S,25-epoxydammarane-24alpha-ol (3), 20S,25-epoxydammarane-3beta,24alpha-diol (4), 20S-dammarane-23-ene-3beta,20,25-triol (5) were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Compounds 3-5 were isolated from the fruits of L. lucidum for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

[Chemical study on aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Liusticum chuanxiong. METHOD: The chemical components were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properities and spectral data. RESULT: Eight chemical constituents were isolated, and identified as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), scopoletin (3), apigenin (4), quercetin (5), cosmosiin (6), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosid (7) and glucose (8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-8 were obtained from the aerial parts of the plant for the first time, compounds 3-8 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

[Stduy on flavonoids in Ligustrum lucidum].

OBJECTIVE: To study chemical constituents of fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. METHOD: The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatogram. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physic-chemical properities and spectral data. RESULT: Seven flavonoids were isolated and identified as apigenin(I), cosmosiin(II), apigenin-7-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucoside(III), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-lutinoside (IV), luteolin (V), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (VI), quercetin(II). CONCLUSION: Compounds II, IV, V were obtained from the fruits of the plant for the first time.

[Studies on chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris. METHOD: To separate the constituents of P. vulgaris by using various kinds of chromatography and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULT: Seven compounds were isolated from the spikes of P. vulgaris. Their structures were established as autantiamide acetate (1), rhein (2), tanshinone I (3), danshensu (4), stigmast-7, 22-dien-3-one (5), 3, 4, alpha-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate (6), butyl rosmarinate (7). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-4 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Glechoma longituba.

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. METHODS: Manifold chromatography methods were used to separated the chemical constituents, and the chemical structures were determined by spectral analyses. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated from Glechoma longituba and identified, as: glecholone (1), 6R,9R-3-oxo-alpha-ionol (2), S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol (3), vomifoliol (4), corosolic acid (5), quercetin (6), stigmastenol (7), myristic acid (8) and triacontanol (9). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2 - 9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Studies on involatile constituents of Mentha haplocalyx].

OBJECTIVE: To promote its comprehensive utilization, the involatile constituents of Mentha haplocalyx were studied systematically. METHOD: The chemical components were isolated and purified by silca gel column chromatography and recrystallization. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULT: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: acacetin (I), tilianine (II), linarin (III), n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (IV), ursolic acid (V), oleanolic acid (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII), daucosterol (VIII). CONCLUSION: Compounds I approximately V were obtained from this plant for the first time.

[Study on the dynamic change of flavonoids content in Mentha haplocalyx].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dynamic change of total flavonoids and its main aglycone and glycoside content in Mentha haplocalyx Briq. METHODS: Using UV-VIS spectrum and HPLC method for the total flavonoids and its aglycone and glycoside. RESULTS: The accumulation of flavonoids showed a regular pattern. CONCLUSION: The contents of total flavonoids and its main aglycone and glycoside are highest in the traditional harvesting time.

[Study on steroidal compounds from Dioscorea zingiberensis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Dioscorea zingiberensis. METHOD: Manifold chromatography methods were used to separate the chemical constituents, and the chemical stuctures were determined by spectral analyses. RESULT: 6 compounds were isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis and identified as deltonin, protodeltonin, zingiberensis newsaponin, dioscin, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-diosgenin, diosgenin. CONCLUSION: Deltonin and protodeltonin were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Study on the flavonoids of Eupatorium lindleyanum].

OBJECTIVE: Study on the flavonoids from the air part of Eupatorium lindleyanum. METHOD: Alcohol percolation, silica gel column chromatography and re-crystallization et al. RESULT: Jaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin, trifolin and hypersoide were isolated from E. lindleyanum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. CONCLUSION: Jaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin and trifolin were isolated from E. lindleyanum for the first time.

[Study on the anticancer activities (in vivo) of the extract from Citrus reticulata Blanco and its influence on sarcoma-180 cells cycle].

OBJECTIVE: To study the anticancer activity of the extract from Citrus reticulata in vivo. METHOD: Anticancer activities were tested with tumor model in vivo (Sarcoma-180 cells, Heps cells, EAC cells implanted in mice). RESULT: The extract from Citrus reticulata showed marked anticancer activities on Sarcoma-180 cells and Heps cells implanted in mice, had no marked anticancer activities on EAC cells implanted in mice and induced apoptosis of Sarcoma-180 cell. CONCLUSION: The extract from Citrus reticulata will have promising prospects as an anticancer Chinese medicine, but further studies will be needed.