Improvements and Challenges of Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes for Advanced Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are widely regarded as desirable energy storage devices due to their inherent safety and low cost. Hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) are cross-linked polymers filled with water and zinc salts. They are not only widely used in flexible batteries but also represent an ideal electrolyte candidate for addressing the issues associated with the Zn anode, including dendrite formation and side reactions. In HPEs, an abundance of hydrophilic groups can form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, reducing water activity and inhibiting water decomposition. At the same time, special Zn2+ transport channels can be constructed in HPEs to homogenize the Zn2+ flux and promote uniform Zn deposition. However, HPEs still face issues in practical applications, including poor ionic conductivity, low mechanical strength, poor interface stability, and narrow electrochemical stability windows. This Review discusses the issues associated with HPEs for advanced AZIBs, and the recent progresses are summarized. Finally, the Review outlines the opportunities and challenges for achieving high performance HPEs, facilitating the utilization of HPEs in AZIBs.

Plasticity in moth mating behavior and ejaculate proteomic diversity induced by male competition.

In male competition, large and costly ejaculates are advantageous. Prior research on male accessory gland secretions in Plutella xylostella left open questions about how males modulate their mating behaviors and ejaculate composition allocation in response to varying levels of competition. The current study aimed to delve deeper into these unexplored facets. A totally of 928 ejaculate proteins were identified across males exposed to different competition conditions. Notably, males courting under non-, low-, and high-competition scenarios exhibited 867, 635, and 858 ejaculate proteins, respectively. Approximately 10% of these ejaculate proteins displayed variations that aligned with changes in competition intensity. Subsequent analyses focused on the proteins transferred to females, revealing that 44% of ejaculate proteins were transferred, with 37 proteins exhibiting differential expression. Functional analyses uncovered their crucial roles in sperm maturation, motility, and capacitation. Our findings reveal adaptive adjustments in ejaculate protein abundance and transmission in P. xylostella as a response to varying competition levels. Moreover, fluorescent sperm labeling indicated higher sperm transfer during low competition correlated with shorter sperm length. Furthermore, evidence suggests that males shorten their courtship duration and extend their mating duration when faced with competition. These results illustrate how competition drives ejaculate investment and behavioral plasticity, offering valuable insights for advancements in assisted reproductive technologies and pest management strategies.

Slow-velocity eccentric-only resistance training improves symptoms of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients by regulating plasma MMP-2 and -9.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the intervention effect of slow-velocity eccentric-only resistance training on type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients based on the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9) in regulating extracellular matrix homeostasis. METHODS: 50 T2DM patients were randomly divided into the slow-velocity eccentric-only resistance training group (E) and control group (C). The E group performed eccentric-only resistance training 3 times a week, every other day for 10 weeks, while the C group did not. Blood samples were collected before and after training, and subjects were tested for changes in clinical parameters, insulin resistance indices [fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], MMP-2 and -9, and hydroxyproline, and muscle strength (12-RM), respectively. RESULTS: After 10 weeks of training, the E group showed significant decreases in fasting glucose (P < .05), insulin (P < .05), insulin resistance indices (P < .05), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P < .01), triglycerides (P = .06) and MMP-2 (P < .05), while total cholesterol (P < .05), MMP-9 (P < .05), hydroxyproline (P < .01), Creatine Kinase (CK) (P < .05), and muscle strength (P < .001) significantly increased. There were no significant changes in the count of neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Compared with the C group, the E group showed a trend of a significant decrease in triglyceride (P < .05), lymphocyte count (P < .05), fasting glucose (P = .07), and plasma MMP-2 (P < .05), while MMP-9 (P < .05), hydroxyproline (P < .001), and muscle strength (P < .01) significantly increased. However, no significant changes were observed in insulin and insulin resistance indices, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, CK, and other inflammatory indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Slow-velocity eccentric-only resistance training was beneficial for T2DM, but the potential role of MMP-2 and -9 in regulating extracellular matrix homeostasis is very different in T2DM patients.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salinity stress tolerance in soybean seedlings by modulating their mineral nutrition, osmolyte contents, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle.

BACKGROUND: In plants, GABA plays a critical role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. However, the response of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) under saline stress conditions has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS: This study investigated the effects of exogenous GABA (2 mM) on plant biomass and the physiological mechanism through which soybean plants are affected by saline stress conditions (0, 40, and 80 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a 1:1 molar ratio). We noticed that increased salinity stress negatively impacted the growth and metabolism of soybean seedlings, compared to control. The root-stem-leaf biomass (27- and 33%, 20- and 58%, and 25- and 59% under 40- and 80 mM stress, respectively]) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly decreased. Moreover, the carotenoid content increased significantly (by 35%) following treatment with 40 mM stress. The results exhibited significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Na+, and Cl- under 40- and 80 mM stress levels, respectively. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars reduced significantly under both salinity stress levels. In contrast, the proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased following saline stress, indicating the overall sensitivity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH). However, exogenous GABA decreased Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA concentration but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrients (K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+); osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and soluble protein); enzymatic antioxidant activities; and AsA-GSH pools, thus reducing salinity-associated stress damage and resulting in improved growth and biomass. The positive impact of exogenously applied GABA on soybean plants could be attributed to its ability to improve their physiological stress response mechanisms and reduce harmful substances. CONCLUSION: Applying GABA to soybean plants could be an effective strategy for mitigating salinity stress. In the future, molecular studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GABA regulates salt tolerance in soybeans.

Stretchable phosphorescent polymers by multiphase engineering.

Stretchable phosphorescence materials potentially enable applications in diverse advanced fields in wearable electronics. However, achieving room-temperature phosphorescence materials simultaneously featuring long-lived emission and good stretchability is challenging because it is hard to balance the rigidity and flexibility in the same polymer. Here we present a multiphase engineering for obtaining stretchable phosphorescent materials by combining stiffness and softness simultaneously in well-designed block copolymers. Due to the microphase separation, copolymers demonstrate an intrinsic stretchability of 712%, maintaining an ultralong phosphorescence lifetime of up to 981.11 ms. This multiphase engineering is generally applicable to a series of binary and ternary initiator systems with color-tunable phosphorescence in the visible range. Moreover, these copolymers enable multi-level volumetric data encryption and stretchable afterglow display. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the nanostructures and material properties for designing stretchable materials and extends the potential of phosphorescence polymers.

Photoreversible Aggregation of the Biliprotein Containing the First and Second GAF Domains of a Cyanobacteriochrome All2699 in Nostoc sp. PCC7120.

As plant photoreceptors, phytochromes are capable of detecting red light and far-red light, thereby governing plant growth. All2699 is a photoreceptor found in Nostoc sp. PCC7120 that specifically responds to red light and far-red light. All2699g1g2 is a truncated protein carrying the first and second GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA) domains of All2699. In this study, we found that, upon exposure to red light, the protein underwent aggregation, resulting in the formation of protein aggregates. Conversely, under far-red light irradiation, these protein aggregates dissociated. We delved into the factors that impact the aggregation of All2699g1g2, focusing on the protein structure. Our findings showed that the GAF2 domain contains a low-complexity (LC) loop region, which plays a crucial role in mediating protein aggregation. Specifically, phenylalanine at position 239 within the LC loop region was identified as a key site for the aggregation process. Furthermore, our research revealed that various factors, including irradiation time, temperature, concentration, NaCl concentration, and pH value, can impact the aggregation of All2699g1g2. The aggregation led to variations in Pfr concentration depending on temperature, NaCl concentration, and pH value. In contrast, ΔLC did not aggregate and therefore lacked responses to these factors. Consequently, the LC loop region of All2699g1g2 extended and enhanced sensory properties.

Deep Learning Nomogram for the Identification of Deep Stromal Invasion in Patients With Early-Stage Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Deep stromal invasion (DSI) is one of the predominant risk factors that determined the types of radical hysterectomy (RH). Thus, the accurate assessment of DSI in cervical adenocarcinoma (AC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) can facilitate optimal therapy decision. PURPOSE: To develop a nomogram to identify DSI in cervical AC/ASC. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: Six hundred and fifty patients (mean age of 48.2 years) were collected from center 1 (primary cohort, 536), centers 2 and 3 (external validation cohorts 1 and 2, 62 and 52). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 5-T, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI, SE/FSE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI, EPI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI, VIBE/LAVA). ASSESSMENT: The DSI was defined as the outer 1/3 stromal invasion on pathology. The region of interest (ROI) contained the tumor and 3 mm peritumoral area. The ROIs of T2WI, DWI, and CE-T1WI were separately imported into Resnet18 to calculate the DL scores (TDS, DDS, and CDS). The clinical characteristics were retrieved from medical records or MRI data assessment. The clinical model and nomogram were constructed by integrating clinical independent risk factors only and further combining DL scores based on primary cohort and were validated in two external validation cohorts. STATISTICAL TESTS: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-squared test were used to compare differences in continuous or categorical variables between DSI-positive and DSI-negative groups. DeLong test was used to compare AU-ROC values of DL scores, clinical model, and nomogram. RESULTS: The nomogram integrating menopause, disruption of cervical stromal ring (DCSRMR), DDS, and TDS achieved AU-ROCs of 0.933, 0.807, and 0.817 in evaluating DSI in primary and external validation cohorts. The nomogram had superior diagnostic ability to clinical model and DL scores in primary cohort (all P < 0.0125 [0.05/4]) and CDS (P = 0.009) in external validation cohort 2. DATA CONCLUSION: The nomogram achieved good performance for evaluating DSI in cervical AC/ASC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Re­examining the mechanism of eccentric exercise­induced skeletal muscle damage from the role of the third filament, titin (Review).

Intense and unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been extensively studied for its ability to induce muscle damage. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon still requires further clarification. This knowledge gap arises from the need for explanation of the eccentric contraction through the sliding filament theory. The two-filament sarcomere model, which is consisted of thin and thick filaments, forms the basis of the sliding filament theory. The mechanisms of concentric and isometric contractions at the cellular and molecular levels are effectively described by this model. However, when relying solely on the cross-bridge swing, the sliding filament theory fails to account for specific observations, such as the stability of the descending limb of the force-length relationship curve. Recent evidence indicated that titin and the extracellular matrix (ECM) may play a protective role by interacting with the thick and thin filaments. During an eccentric contraction, titin serves as a third filament in the sarcomere, which helps regulate changes in passive force. The two-filament sarcomere model has limitations in explaining eccentric contraction, thus this compensates for those shortcomings. The present review explored the potential of replacing the two-filament sarcomere model with a three-filament sarcomere model, incorporating thin filaments, thick filaments and titin. This revised model offers a more comprehensive explanation of eccentric contraction phenomena. Furthermore, the sliding filament theory was investigated in the context of the three-filament sarcomere model. The double-layer protection mechanism, which involves increased titin stiffness and the ECM during eccentric contraction was explored. This mechanism may enhance lateral force transmission between muscle fibers and the ECM, resulting in sarcolemma and ECM shear deformation. These findings provided insight into the mechanism of eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. Considering the three-filament sarcomere model and the double-layer protection mechanism, the present review offered a more logical and comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

Clinical application of MR-guided radiotherapy based on MR-linac in esophageal cancer patients / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the application process, efficacy and safety of MR-guided radiotherapy based on MR-linac in esophageal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of patients with esophageal cancer treated with MR-linac at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute from September 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, to investigate the treatment process of esophageal cancer with MR-linac, and to analyze the efficacy and safety of patients. All patients received MR-guided radiotherapy, underwent CT and MR localization, target area delineation, and design of the Monaco treatment planning system plan. Adaptation-to-position adjustment was conducted during the pre-treatment evaluation. The median number of fractions was 25, the median single dose of planning target volume was 1.8 Gy, and the median total dose was 50.2 Gy. Median follow-up was 16 months.Results:Among the 12 patients in the whole group, there were 1 case of cervical esophageal cancer, 3 cases of upper thoracic esophageal cancer, 4 cases of middle thoracic esophageal cancer and 4 cases of lower thoracic esophageal cancer, including 3 cases of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 9 cases of radical radiotherapy. All patients had a smooth treatment process. The median treatment time was 33 min, and the patients had good compliance. For patients with radical radiotherapy, one month after radiotherapy, the number of objective remission cases was 3, and the number of disease-control cases was 9; six months after radiotherapy, the number of objective remission cases was 3, and the number of disease-control cases was 6. All patients treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy underwent surgery within 2 months, and one patient achieved pathological complete remission. The most common acute adverse reactions were radiation esophagitis (7 cases) and leukopenia in bone marrow suppression (8 cases), with late-stage adverse reactions being radiation pneumonia (1 case). The adverse reactions to radiotherapy were slight, and no grade 4 or above adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion:The clinical treatment process for esophageal cancer under MR-guided radiotherapy based on MR-linac is feasible, with good curative effects and mild adverse reactions.

Prognostic factors of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)and related clinical indexesin the evaluation of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)supported by arteriovenous extracor-poreal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock.Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock treated with VA-ECMO in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2022 to April 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the success of VA-ECMO withdrawal,the patients were divided into success group(54 cases)and failure group(16 cases).The general data,Intraoperative condi-tion,hemodynamic and biochemical indexes of the two groups were compared,and the independent risk factors affecting the clinical outcome were analyzed.Results The time of ECMO assistance in the success group was significantly shorter than that in the failure group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference inother general information between the two groups(all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in preoperative TIMI grade,number of diseased vascular branches,use of IVUS,ECG results and SYNTAX score between the two groups(all P>0.05).Compared with those before treatment,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),left ventricular stroke volume(LVSV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),mitral annulus systolic velocity(Sa),aortic orifice forward flow spectrum(AV),velocity-time integral(VTI)and tricuspid annulus systolic displacement(TAPSE)increased significantly after ECMO plus PCI treatment(all P<0.05).Left ventricular end systolic volume(LVESV)decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with those in the failure group,the heart rate(HR),shock index(SI),blood lactic acid(Lac),C-reactive protein(CRP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and total bilirubin(TBIL)were lower in the success group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ECMO flow and SaO2 between the two groups(P>0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECMO-supporting time,HR,Lac,CRP,AST and TBIL were the influencing factors of weaning failure in patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated with refractory cardiogenic shock.Conclusion VA-ECMO combined with PCI can significantly improve cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock.Echocardiographic parameters(LVESV,LVSV,LVEF,Sa,AV,VTI,TAPSE)and clinical indexes(HR,Lac,CRP,AST,TBIL)have certain clinical value for theprognosis.

Research progress on the role of glutamine metabolism-related proteins in tumor metastasis / 中国癌症杂志

Tumor metastasis is closely related to high mortality rate of cancer.It is well known that glutamine plays an important role in the malignant progression of cancer.Notably,as an important carbon and nitrogen donor,glutamine has been found to be closely related to tumor metastasis in recent years.Glutamine is not only involved in regulating the proliferation of tumor cells,but is also closely related to the migration and invasion of tumor cells.Furthermore,various enzymes along with transporters in the metabolism of glutamine are involved in the process of tumor metastasis through different signaling pathways.This review provided a summary of the role of glutamine in tumor metastasis in recent years and proposed therapeutic targets to provide new strategies for the clinical treatment of tumor metastases.

Effects of melatonin on learning and memory abilities of fluoride-exposed offspring rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on learning and memory abilities of fluoride-exposed offspring rats and the role of gut microbiota.Methods:Twelve 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8 females and 4 males) with a body weight ranging from 180 to 220 g were selected and divided into control group 1 and fluoride-exposed group 1 using a random number table method, with 6 rats in each group (female ∶ male = 2 ∶ 1). They were free to drink purified water or purified water containing 100 mg/L sodium fluoride, respectively. After 2 months, male and female rats were raised together in cages, and the first postnatal day (PND) of the offspring rats was recorded as PND0. In PND21, the offspring rats of fluoride-exposed group 1 were divided into fluoride-exposed group (Group F, n = 6) and fluoride + MEL group (Group FM, n = 6) using a group design, and continued to be exposed to fluoride through drinking water. The offspring rats of control group 1 were divided into control group (Group C, n = 6) and MEL group ( n = 6). The groups FM and MEL were given 20 mg/kg MEL by gavage, while the groups C and F were given the same dose of normal saline by gavage. In PND60, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to observe the learning and memory abilities of the offspring rats. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of the offspring rats. And 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to detect the changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota in fecal samples. Results:The results of novel object recognition test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the discrimination index (DI) among the four groups of offspring rats ( F = 3.95, P = 0.024). The DI in groups C and FM was higher than that of Group F ( P < 0.05). The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with Group C, the platform-crossing time of the offspring rats of Group F were less and they had a longer time to reach the platform for the first time ( P < 0.05). Compared with Group F, the platform-crossing time of the offspring rats of Group FM were increased and they had a shorter time to reach the platform for the first time ( P < 0.05). The WB results showed that compared with Group C (1.00 ± 0.07), the expression level of BDNF protein in Group F (0.68 ± 0.26) was lower ( P < 0.05). Compared with Group F, the expression level of BDNF protein in Group FM (0.99 ± 0.14) was higher ( P < 0.05). Anosim similarity analysis showed significant differences in the structure and composition of gut microbiota in the four groups of offspring rats ( R = 0.395 062, P = 0.002). The distribution characteristics of gut microbiota species showed that at the phylum level, compared with Group C, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in Group F increased from 14.26% to 37.00%, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from 68.78% to 45.95%. Compared with Group F, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in Group FM increased from 45.95% to 65.26%, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased from 37.00% to 23.00%. At the genus level, compared with Group C, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, HT002 and UCG-005 in Group F was lower, while the relative abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae was higher. Compared with Group F, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, HT002 and UCG-005 in Group FM was higher, while the relative abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae was lower. The results of linear discriminant analysis revealed that the Candidatus-Saccharimonas and Incertae-Sedis were significantly enriched in Group C, unclassified Muribaculaceae and Muribaculum were significantly enriched in Group F, and Allorhizobium- Neorhizobium- Pararhizobium- Rhizobium were significantly enriched in Group FM. Conclusion:MEL can improve the learning and memory impairment of offspring rats induced by fluoride exposure by changing the structure and composition of gut microbiota.

Relationship between polymorphism of Visfatin gene rs61330082,rs4730153 and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of rs61330082 and rs4730153 polymorphisms of Visfatin locus for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in a high-risk population.Methods SNPscanTM high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism typing technique was used to genotype Visfatin gene loci rs61330082 and rs4730153 in 346 T2DM patients(T2DM group)and 1426 normal controls(NC group).Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze T2DM risk factors.ROC curves were used to analyze the optimal cut-off values of Visfatin gene rs61330082 and rs4730153 for the diagnosis of T2DM.Results The proportion of women,age,obesity,smoking,hypertension,FPG,HbA1c and TG were higher in T2DM group than those in NC group(P<0.01)and HDL-C was lower than in NC group(P<0.01).The frequency of G allele and GG genotype was higher in T2DM group compared with NC group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,female,obesity,hypertension,TG,and GG genotype at rs4730153 locus were risk factors for T2DM,HDL-C was a protective factor for T2DM.The area under the ROC curve of GG genotype at Visfatin rs4730153 mutation for diagnosis of T2DM was 0.668 and the optimal cut-off point for predicting T2DM was 20.04%,with sensitivity 60.1%and specificity 66.1%,respectively.Conclusion The GG genotype of Visfatin gene rs4730153 locus is associated with the risk of T2DM and can beused as a candidate gene for predicting phenotype of T2DM.

Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Features of Parkinson's Disease Based on 18F-FDG PET:A Longitudinal Study / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To establish glucose metabolism patterns of Parkinson's disease(PD)at different periods,and to study the changing pattern of target region of interest(ROI)with the period of time,and then explore the relationship between ROIs and cognitive or motor in different periods.Materials and Methods A total of 42 patients with early-stage PD collected from June 2010 to September 2022 in online data from the markers of Parkinson's progression study which included clinical data,and FDG PET imaging was performed at baseline,12,24,36 and 48 months.The data of 8 healthy volunteers were also obtained from the database,and the time range was the same as that of the above-mentioned PD patients.The longitudinal changes of cerebral glucose metabolism in PD patients and the relationship between PD-associated ROI and movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(MDS-UPDRS)score were evaluated.Results PD was relatively reduced activity located in frontal and parietal association areas and relatively increased activity in the cerebellum,the putamen and the cingulate gyrus.In our study of target ROIs over time,FDG uptake in the caudate nucleus,putamen,pallidum,and cerebellum of patients with PD was initially higher than in the normal group,and subsequently decreased.In contrast,the ROI of PD in the anterior cingulate gyrus,posterior cingulate gyrus,the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata was initially lower than that in healthy controls and subsequently increased.The putamen,pallidum and caudate nucleus metabolic activity showed a positive correlation in 36 month and MDS-UPDRS scores(r=0.659 5,0.678 7,0.716 7,all P<0.05).The caudate nucleus,putamen and pallidum metabolic activity showed a negative correlation in 24 month and baseline(r=-0.541 8,-0.878 9,-0.887 6,all P<0.05).Conclusion We provide 5-year longitudinal data on changes in 18F-FDG imaging outcomes in early PD.In addition,the glucose metabolic activity of caudate nucleus,putamen and globus pallidus are correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores.

Efficacy of tibiofibular-based reconstruction technique with single femoral tunnel for Fanelli type C posterolateral complex injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of tibiofibular-based reconstruction technique with single femoral tunnel for Fanelli type C posterolateral complex (PLC) injury.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 16 patients with Fanelli type C PLC injury admitted to Tianjin Hospital from July 2016 to July 2019, including 10 males and 6 females, aged 20-61 years [(36.5±13.9)years]. PLC reconstruction was performed by tibiofibular-based technique with single femoral tunnel using gracilis tendon and semi-tendinosus autografts. If the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments (PCL/ACL) rupture were combined, arthroscopic single bundle reconstruction was performed simultaneously. If the posteromedial corner (PMC) injury was combined, PMC repair or reconstruction surgery was performed simultaneously. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. When the bone needle and tunnel for PLC were drilled during the operation, the interference of the femoral tunnel through the cruciate ligament was observed under the arthroscope. Before and at 6 and 12 months after operation, the varus stability of the knee joint was evaluated with the difference of lateral joint space width of both knees and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective classification of varus stability of the knee joint; the external rotation stability was evaluated with the difference of external rotation angle of both knees and the IKDC objective classification of external rotation stability of the knee joint. Before, at 6 and 12 months after operation and at the last follow-up, IKDC 2000 subjective score and Lysholm score were compared. The occurrence of complications was observed.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-36 months [24(15, 33)months]. The operation time was 100-220 minutes [175.0(111.3, 200.0)minutes], with intraoperative blood loss of 30-150 ml [(84.3±36.5)ml]. Intraoperative arthroscopy showed no interference of perforation between PLC and cruciate ligament femoral tunnel. The differences of lateral joint space width of both knees at 6 and 12 months after operation were 0.5(0.2, 1.4)mm and 0.6(0.2, 1.5)mm respectively, which were both significantly improved compared with 12.1(10.8, 12.6)mm before operation ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference at 6 and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). The IKDC objective classification of varus stability of the knee joint was grade A in 13 patients, grade B in two and grade C in one at 6 or 12 months after operation, and showed statistical difference from grade D in all the patients before operation ( P<0.01). At 6 and 12 months after operation, the difference of external rotation angle of both knees was -2.0(-3.2, 1.3)° and -1.4(-3.0, 1.7)° respectively, which were significantly improved compared with 16.8(13.9, 18.4)° before operation ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference at 6 and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). IKDC objective classification of external rotation stability of the knee joint was grade A in 14 patients, grade B in one and grade C in one at 6 or 12 months after operation, and showed statistical difference from grade C in 14 patients and grade D in 2 before operation ( P<0.01). At 6 and 12 months after operation and at the last follow-up, the IKDC 2000 subjective scores [(76.3±4.7)points, (80.3±4.4)points, (79.9±3.8)points respectively] and the Lysholm scores [(76.1±3.9)points, (81.1±4.3)points, (82.8±3.2)points respectively] were significantly improved compared with those before operation [(48.6±3.7)points and (52.6±2.4)points] ( P<0.05). The IKDC 2000 subjective scores and Lysholm scores were significantly improved at 12 months after operation and at the last follow-up than those at 6 months after operation ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the IKDC 2000 subjective scores and Lysholm scores at 12 months after operation and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were no complications such as wound infection, vascular and nerve injury, joint stiffness or ectopic ossification. Conclusion:For Fanelli type C PLC injury, tibiofibular-based reconstruction technique with single femoral tunnel reduces the interference between the lateral femoral tunnels, significantly improves the varus and external rotation stability and the function of the knee joint, and has few complications and satisfactory short-term clinical efficacy.

Systematic review of risk prediction models for intradialytic hypotension in patients with maintenance hemodialysis / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically review the risk prediction models for intradialytic hypotension in maintenance hemodialysis patients,with a view to provide references for clinical practice.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and CBM were searched from inception to May 29,2023.2 reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted information and assessed methodological quality using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.Results A total of 20 studies and 25 models were included with the sample size of 68～9 292 cases and the incidence of outcome events of 2.1～51％.Baseline systolic blood pressure,age,ultrafiltration rate,diabetes and dialysis duration were the top 5 predictors of repeated reporting of the models.20 models reported the area under the curve of ranging from 0.649 to 0.969,and 5 models reported calibration metrics.There were 9 internal validations and 4 combined internal and external validation models.The overall applicability of the 20 studies was good,but all had a high risk of bias,mainly in data analysis.Conclusion Research on risk prediction models for intradialytic hypotension in maintenance hemodialysis patients is still in the developmental stage.Future studies should improve the research design and reporting process,and validation studies of existing models should be carried out to further evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility in clinical practice.

Horizontal to perpendicular transition of lamellar and cylinder phases in block copolymer films induced by interface segregation of single-chain nanoparticles during solvent evaporation.

How to fabricate perpendicularly oriented domains (PODs) of lamellar and cylinder phases in block copolymer thin films remains a major challenge. In this work, via a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study, we report a solvent evaporation strategy starting from a mixed solution of A-b-B-type diblock copolymers (DBCs) and single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with the same composition, which is capable of spontaneously generating PODs in drying DBC films induced by the interface segregation of SCNPs. The latter occurs at both the free surface and substrate and, consequently, neutralizes the interface selectivity of distinct blocks in DBCs, leading to spontaneous formation of PODs at both interfaces. The interface segregation of SCNPs is related to the weak solvophilicity of the internal cross-linker units. A mean-field theory calculation demonstrates that the increase in the chemical potential of SCNPs in the bulk region drives their interface segregation along with solvent evaporation. We believe that such a strategy can be useful in regulating the PODs of DBC films in practical applications.

Involvement of plant signaling network and cell metabolic homeostasis in nitrogen deficiency-induced early leaf senescence.

Nitrogen (N) is a basic building block that plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal plant growth and its metabolic functions through complex regulatory networks. Such the N metabolic network comprises a series of transcription factors (TFs), with the coordinated actions of phytohormone and sugar signaling to sustain cell homeostasis. The fluctuating N concentration in plant tissues alters the sensitivity of several signaling pathways to stressful environments and regulates the senescent-associated changes in cellular structure and metabolic process. Here, we review recent advances in the interaction between N assimilation and carbon metabolism in response to N deficiency and its regulation to the nutrient remobilization from source to sink during leaf senescence. The regulatory networks of N and sugar signaling for N deficiency-induced leaf senescence is further discussed to explain the effects of N deficiency on chloroplast disassembly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, asparagine metabolism, sugar transport, autophagy process, Ca2+ signaling, circadian clock response, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZRI), and other stress cell signaling. A comprehensive understanding for the metabolic mechanism and regulatory network underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence may provide a theoretical guide to optimize the source-sink relationship during grain filling for the achievement of high yield by a selection of crop cultivars with the properly prolonged lifespan of functional leaves and/or by appropriate agronomic managements.

Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks with Tunable Dielectric Properties for Boosting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) manifest enormous potential in promoting electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption thanks to the tailored components, topological structure, and high porosity. Herein, rodlike conductive MOFs (cMOFs) composed of adjustable metal ions of Zn, Cu, Co, or Ni and ligands of hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) are prepared to attain tunable dielectric properties for a tailored EMW absorption. Specifically, the influences of the cMOFs' composition, charge transport characteristic, topological crystalline structure, and anisotropy microstructure on dielectric and EMW absorption performance are ascertained, advancing the understanding of EMW attenuation mechanisms of MOFs. The boosted conductive and polarization losses derived from the conjugation effects and terminal groups, as well as shape anisotropy, lead to a prominent EMW absorption of the cMOFs. The Cu-HHTP confers a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -63.55 dB at the thickness of 2.9 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz. Moreover, Zn-HHTP showcases the absorption superiority in the S-band (2-4 GHz) with an RLmin of -62.8 dB at a thickness of 1.9 mm. This work not only hoists the mechanistic understanding of the structure-function relationships for the cMOFs but also offers guidelines for preparing functional MOF materials.

Carbonized Polymer Dots Assemble in Proton-Conducting Channels to Enhance the Conductivity and Selectivity Simultaneously for High-Performance Fuel Cells.

Fabricating polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) simultaneously with high ion conductivity and selectivity has always been an ultimate goal in many membrane-integrated systems for energy conversion and storage. Constructing broader ion-conducting channels usually enables high-efficient ion conductivity while often bringing increased crossover of other ions or molecules simultaneously, resulting in decreased selectivity. Here, the ultra-small carbon dots (CDs) with the selective barriers are self-assembled within proton-conducting channels of PEMs through electrostatic interaction to enhance the proton conductivity and selectivity simultaneously. The functional CDs regulate the nanophase separation of PEMs and optimize the hydration proton network enabling higher-efficient proton transport. Meanwhile, the CDs within proton-conducting channels prevent fuel from permeating selectively due to their repelling and spatial hindrance against fuel molecules, resulting in highly enhanced selectivity. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and selectivity, the open-circuit voltage and maximum power density of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) equipped with the hybrid membranes raised by 23% and 93%, respectively. This work brings new insight to optimize polymer membranes for efficient and selective transport of ions or small molecules, solving the trade-off of conductivity and selectivity.