Study on chemical constituents of an edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea and their antitumor activity in vitro.

Phytochemical investigation of the fruiting body of Volvariella volvacea led to the isolation of a new furanone, 2(5H)-furanone-4-propionic acid named volvafuranone A (1), together with twelve known compounds (2-13). Compounds 2-7, 9-11 were isolated from this mushroom for the first time. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against four human tumour lines (SGC-7901, PC-3M, MCF-7, HepG-2), and the results showed that compound 2, 3, 12, 13 have significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 5.90 µM (HepG-2), 20.72 µM (HepG-2), 27.98 µM (PC-3M) and 23.15 µM (PC-3M), respectively.

[Application of virtual non-enhanced images in evaluating subarachnoid hemorrhage by dual-energy computed tomography angiography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of virtual non-enhanced images in evaluating the spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by dual-energy computed tomography angiography. METHODS: Dual-energy computed tomography angiography was performed in 43 SAH patients.Virtual non-enhanced images were obtained by using Liver VNC software. paired t-test was performed to compare the signal to noise ratio between the conventional plain scan and virtual non-enhanced images. Diagnostic accuracy for SAH by virtual non-enhanced images was calculated by using the conventional plain scan images as a gold standard. Quality score was calculated to evaluate whether virtual non-enhanced images can meet the imaging requirements of SAH. RESULTS: The signal to noise ratio was 8.63?0.53 among plain scan images and 3.96?0.52 among virtual non-enhanced images ( t=43.18,P=0.000) . The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of virtual non-enhanced imaging in diagnosing the SAH were 97.05%, 100%, and 97.67% in per-patient analysis, and were 94.64%, 100%, and 98.97% in per-lesion analysis. The quality scores were 3 in six patients, 2 in 27 patients, and 1 in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual non-enhanced images can meet the clinical requirements of diagnosis, although it has more intensive noise than conventional plain scan images. Furthermore, it has higher accuracy in evaluating SAH.