ABSTRACT
BackgroundRapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan prompted heightened surveillance in Guangzhou and elsewhere in China. Modes of contact and risk of transmission among close contacts have not been well estimated. MethodsWe included 4950 closes contacts from Guangzhou, and extracted data including modes of contact, laboratory testing, clinical characteristics of confirmed cases and source cases. We used logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors associated with infection of close contacts. ResultsAmong 4950 closes contacts, the median age was 38.0 years, and males accounted for 50.2% (2484). During quarantine period, 129 cases (2.6%) were diagnosed, with 8 asymptomatic (6.2%), 49 mild (38.0%), and 5 (3.9%) severe to critical cases. The sensitivity of throat swab was 71.32% and 92.19% at first to second PCR test. Among different modes of contact, household contacts were the most dangerous in catching with infection of COVID-19, with an incidence of 10.2%. As the increase of age for close contacts and severity of source cases, the incidence of COVID-19 presented an increasing trend from 1.8% (0-17 years) to 4.2% (60 or over years), and from 0.33% for asymptomatic, 3.3% for mild, to 6.2% for severe and critical source cases, respectively. Manifestation of expectoration in source cases was also highly associated with an increased risk of infection in their close contacts (13.6%). Secondary cases were in general clinically milder and were less likely to have common symptoms than those of source cases. ConclusionsIn conclusion, the proportion of asymptomatic and mild infections account for almost half of the confirmed cases among close contacts. The household contacts were the main transmission mode, and clinically more severe cases were more likely to pass the infection to their close contacts. Generally, the secondary cases were clinically milder than those of source cases.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in longevity areas in China. Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 1 802 elderly adults were collected in the study during 2012-2017/2018. In this study, the elderly were classified into 4 groups, moderate-to-severe group [<45 ml·min(-1)·(1.73 m(2))(-1)], mild-to-moderate group [45- ml·min(-1)·(1.73 m(2))(-1)], mild group [60- ml·min(-1)·(1.73 m(2))(-1)] and normal group [≥90 ml·min(-1)·(1.73 m(2))(-1)] according to their eGFR levels. After 6 years of follow-up, 852 participants died, with a mortality rate of 47.3. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of eGFR were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in the elderly (the of elderly was 0.993 and the 95 was 0.989-0.997 for every unit of eGFR increased, =0.001), while compared with the group with normal eGFR, the (95) of the elderly in the moderate-to-severe group, mild-to-moderate group, and mild group were 1.690 (1.224-2.332, =0.001), 1.312 (0.978-1.758, =0.070), 1.349 (1.047-1.737, =0.020) respectively [trend test <0.001]. The decrease in eGFR was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly in longevity areas in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective :To study influence of folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 on vascular endothelial function serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) and living quality in hypertensive patients with acute cerebral infraction .Meth‐ods :A total of 92 hypertensive patients with acute cerebral infraction treated in our hospital from Feb 2016 to Oct 2017 were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group (received folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 based on routine treatment group ).Two groups were both treated for 12 weeks Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) ,serum levels of Hcy and nitric oxide (NO ) , United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) score and Barthel index score before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results :Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum level of Hcy and NIHSS score ,and significant rise in Barthel index score in two groups ,and there was significant rise in serum level of NO [ (50. 20 ± 11.18) μmol／L vs.(66. 53 ± 10. 66) μmol／L] in combined treatment group , P＜0. 01 all.Before and after treatment , there were no significant difference in FMD in two groups , and no significant difference in serum level of NO in routine treatment group , P＞0.05 all.Compare with routine treatment group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum level of Hcy [ (21.58 ± 2.24 ) μmol／L vs.(17.27 ± 2.19) μmol／L] and NIHSS score [(20. 39 ± 3. 19) scores vs .(16.12 ± 1.15) scores] ,and significant rise in NO level [ (53.76 ± 11. 67) μmol／L比(66.53 ± 10. 66) μmol／L] ,Barthel index score [ (62.27 ± 20.58) scores vs .(79. 58 ± 21. 24) scores] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Conclusion :Folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 can effectively improve vascular endothelial function ,reduce serum level of Hcy ,increase serum level of NO ,improve neurological function and activities of living quality ,which is worth extending .
