Improving Bond Strength of Translucent Zirconia Through Surface Treatment With SiO2-ZrO2 Coatings.

BACKGROUND: Translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics have been applied in dental clinics due to their esthetic translucent formulations and mechanical properties. Considering inherent ceramic brittleness, adhesive bonding with resin composite increases the fracture resistance of ceramic restorations. However, zirconia is a chemically stable material that is difficult to adhesively bond with resin. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influences of SiO2-ZrO2 coatings on adhesive bonding of zirconia and the surface characterization of those coatings. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Translucent zirconia discs were classified into groups based on surface treatments: CT (control), SB (sandblasting), C21(SiO2:ZrO2=2:1), C11(SiO2:ZrO2=1:1), and C12 (SiO2:ZrO2=1:2) (n=10). Surface characterization of coatings on zirconia were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), surface roughness assessment (Ra), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water contact angle (WCA), translucency parameter (TP), and shear bond strength (SBS). Two-way ANOVA for shear bond strength results and ANOVA for Ra and WCA were performed. RESULTS: SEM images revealed SiO2 islands on zirconia disks coated with SiO2-ZrO2. Surface roughness of C12, C11, and C21 groups was significantly larger than those of groups SB and CT (p<0.05). XRD results showed that phase transformation of zirconia disks was detected only in the SB group. In addition, SiO2-ZrO2 coatings reduced WCA. The translucency decreased only in group C21. Group C11 showed the highest shear bond strength under both aging conditions. CONCLUSION: SiO2-ZrO2 coating is a promising method to enhance the adhesive resin bonding of translucent zirconia without causing phase transformation of translucent zirconia.

Neutrophil survival is prolonged in the airways of healthy infants and infants with RSV bronchiolitis.

Large numbers of neutrophils in the airway of infants infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are recruited by chemokines, such as interleukin-8, and specific inflammatory molecules can delay apoptosis increasing their longevity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether airway secretions in RSV bronchiolitis contain factors that influence neutrophil apoptosis. Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) was obtained from 24 infants with RSV bronchiolitis (31 infant controls and 12 adults). Neutrophils isolated from healthy adult volunteers were incubated with the NLF in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) for 24 h, and apoptosis and necrosis were quantified using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide viability dyes. The presence of putative factors that delay neutrophil apoptosis was investigated using inhibitors to leukotriene-B4, lipopolysaccharide and the IL-8 receptor CXCR2, and blocking antibodies to granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor. Characterisation of NLF involved tests of thermal instability, proteolysis, deoxyribonuclease digestion and molecular filtration. NLF from infants with RSV bronchiolitis and controls significantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis, whereas NLF from healthy adults did not. None of these inhibitor molecules blocked this delay in apoptosis but activity was heat liable and >3 kDa. The study showed that nasal lavage fluid from infants significantly delays neutrophil apoptosis. The speculation is that the prolonged survival of neutrophils in the infant airway contributes to the characteristic accumulation of neutrophils in the airways of infants with respiratory infections.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of eel genome.

Eel family is a huge one, in which many kinds of eels especially some migratory eels, bear strong resemblance to each other, and are therefore difficult to be identified. In this study 29 random primers were used to make RAPD analysis for Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Pike eel (Muraenesox cinereus). And totally 299 fragments were counted. Shared or specific fragments were counted and genetic similarity or genetic distance were calculated. The genetic similarity between Japanese eel and Pike eel is 0.68 and the genetic distance between them is 0.32; those between European eel and Pike eel are 0.72 and 0.28 respectively, and between Japanese eel and European eel are 0.74 and 0.25 respectively. The method has been shown to be suitable to molecular identification of eels. It provides an alternative approach to determine the relationship between species.

[Study of a new type of material substituted for human hard tissues-hydroxyl poly calcium sodium phosphate: histologic report implants in mandible of animals].

This study was aimed to evaluate the histocompatibility of hydroxyl poly calcium sodium phosphate (HPPA) preliminarily. HPPA and hydroxylapatite were implanted in the mandibular defect in dogs. The implant-bone interface was observed by using stereomicroscope and decalcified histologic sections. The result demonstrates that HPPA has well-osseous integrated property after being implanted into bone tissues. This suggests that HPPA might be a new material of future excellence in substitution for human hard tissues.

[A study on the dental adhesive containing phosphate diesters].

Although a lot of kinds of dental adhesives have been applied recently, all of them cannot meet clinical requirement completely. This paper reports a new dental adhesive containing partial phosphate diesters developed by us. We synthesized aryl phosphorodichloridates (APDC), nine kinds of phosphate diester (PDE) adhesive monomers, sodium p-toluenesulfinate (TSS) and p-toluenesulfinic acid (TSA) accelerators, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder and the other compounds. The chemical structures of PDE adhesive monomers were confirmed by IR, 1HNMR, 31PNMR, refractive index and elementary analysis etc. The results showed that the tensile bond strength (TBS) between PDE dental adhesive and human tooth was better than others reported in China and some others reported in literature.

[Intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs. Contribution to the study of their value in erectile impotence]. / Les injections intracaverneuses de drogues vasoactives. Contribution à l'étude de leur valeur dans l'impuissance érectile.

The obtention of an artificial erection with a single intracavernous injection (ICI) of vasoactive drugs, has upset our conceptions about erection and the approach for erectile failure. If this pharmacologic stimulation increases the reliability of some erection tests, their diagnosis value is still questioned. The complexity of both erection and vasomotricity pharmacology, make difficult the understanding of the mechanisms of these ICI. Their therapeutic value is reduced to the method by self injections, new treatment for impotence, even if it concerns only few impotent patients. Finally, the experimental feature and the unquestionable morbidity of these ICI, mainly priapism, impede their large diffusion. However, in spite of these doubts, this intracavernous pharmacology is a real progress for erection and its troubles.

[Intracavernosa injections of drugs in erection disorders. Their clinical value apropos of 100 cases]. / Les injections intracaverneuses de drogues dans les dysérections. Leur intérêt clinique à propos de 100 cas.

Several centers of interest have been stimulated by the true progress represented by the use of intracavernous injections (ICI) for disorders of erection. First, we have become conscious of our uncertainties concerning the physiology of erection. Second, they serve to orientate the etiologic diagnosis and prognosis when positive responses are obtained in cases of impotence. Third, they are of therapeutic interest as auto-injections in impotence with, however, the risk of secondary cavernous fibrosis. Lastly, they represent a new treatment for priapism. However, these ICI procedures are still in the experimental stage, and should be used with some caution because of their potential morbidity and unknown long-term effects.

[Transurethral resection of the prostate. Our experience in a series of 244 cases. Mid-term results]. / La résection trans-urétrale de la prostate. Notre expérience sur une série de deux cent quarante-quatre cas. Résultats à moyen terme.

Two hundred and forty four patients were treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (68% for adenomas and 32% for epitheliomas) between June 1980 and August 1982. The indications for surgery are based on obstruction of the urinary outflow tract, and the weight of prostatic tissue, which can best be assessed by ultrasound. TURP is the technique of choice for small and medium-size prostates. Hemorrhage is the most frequent complication at operation. Resorption TURP syndrome is extremely rare if an isotonic liquid is used. Urinary tract infections are best treated preoperatively. 2.6% of the patients suffered from urethral stricture despite the use of a 24 French resectoscope and early removal of the catheter. The greater the surgeon's experience, the lower the incidence of definitive urinary incontinence.

[Our experience with the treatment of urethral stenosis in a series of 90 cases at the Strasbourg Hospital Center]. / Notre expérience du traitement de la sténose de l'urètre sur une série de quatre-vingt-dix cas au Centre Hospitalier de Strasbourg.

Ninety patients presenting with urethral stenosis were treated surgically at the Strasbourg Hospital, involving 100 internal urethrotomies and sixteen urethroplasties. The authors consider that short bulbous stenosis, with no previous treatment, should be treated endoscopically; that, if the stenosis recurs after two internal urethrotomies, or if the stenosis is infected or located in the pendulous or membranous urethra, a urethroplasty is indicated, as in cases of long bulbous stenosis; and that, even though the rate of complications is high following Johansson's urethroplasty, this procedure is indicated in cases of infection. The use of free full-thickness grafts led to a 100% success rate.

[Late urological complications of abdominopelvic radiotherapy. A personal series of 39 cases (author's transl)]. / Les complications urologiques tardives de l'irradiation abdomino-pelvienne. A propos d'une série personnelle de 39 cas.

The authors study 39 cases of late genitourinary sequelae following abdominopelvic radiotherapy. Several points appear to be of interest: - the mean latent period was 3.5 years for bladder sequelae and 4 years for ureteric complications. Fistulae could develop on average 14 years after radiotherapy; - the possibility of ureteric complications in the form of stenosis after radiotherapy, exclusive of associated surgery; - all lesions were purely due to radiation, excluding recurrences of neoplasm; - bladder complications had striking symptoms with dysuria and haematuria. Ureteric stenosis was sometimes found by chance, being latent; - associated digestive tract radiation lesions were seen in 1 case in 4; - the frequent need for surgery, since this was required in 30 patients out of 39. The operations performed were often extensive; - the grave nature of surgical operations including a digestive phase in these patients who had received large doses of radiation. Peritonitis due to the breakdown of sutures was a notable source of mortality; - one of the great difficulties in investigating such patients is to be able to confirm the purely radiation aetiology of these complications, bearing in mind that amongst urological complications following the treatment of pelvic carcinomas, the majority are related not only to radiation but also to recurrence of neoplasm.

[Heavy haematuria as the presentation of attenuated haemophilia B (author's transl)]. / A propos d'une hématurie grave révélatrice d'une hémophilie B atténuée.

The authors report a rare case of eosinophilic cystitis presenting with heavy haematuria which led to the discovery of attenuated haemophilia B. Bleeding and clotting times in this patient, with no past history of haemorrhage, were normal. Complete coagulation studies led to the diagnosis in the presence of poor plasma prothrombin consumption and a moderate deficit in clotting factor IX, defining haemophilia B. Despite two partial cystectomies for haemorrhagic lesions of the dome of the bladder (eosinophilic cystitis), carried out with transfusion cover and the administration of P.P.S.B., recurrence of haematuria made it necessary to "rest" the bladder by a cutaneous ureterostomy. Subsequently, the restoration of urinary continuity was possible by uretero-ileo-cystoplasty, without any haemorrhagic complications by virtue of the use of P.P.S.B. The value of the association of epsilon amino-caproic acid with P.P.S.B. is emphasised in the prevention of haemorrhagic complications during surgery in haemokphilia B patients. In attenuated forms of haemophilia B (factor IX level between 5 and 15%) haemorrhages may be only occasional and occur only late in life.