ABSTRACT
Rainforest tree species can be difficult to identify outside of their period of reproduction. Vascular tissues from Carapa spp. individuals were collected during a short field trip in French Guiana and analysed in the laboratory with nuclear and chloroplast markers. Using a Bayesian approach, > 90% of the samples could be assigned to one of two distinct clusters corresponding to previously described species, making it possible to estimate the genetic structure of each species and to identify cases of introgression. We argue that this blind procedure represents a first-choice rather than a fallback option whenever related taxa are investigated.
Subject(s)
Meliaceae/classification , Tropical Climate , Bayes Theorem , Biodiversity , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Chloroplast/chemistry , French Guiana , Genetic Variation , Genetics, Population , Geography , Haplotypes , Inbreeding , Meliaceae/genetics , Microsatellite Repeats , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Cervix and breast cancer incidence in 1978-82 was computed for immigrant and United States-born Black women in Brooklyn, New York. Compared to the national SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) rates, US-born and Haitian women had high rates of invasive cervical cancer, while English-speaking Caribbean immigrants had an average rate. However, while US-born women had an average rate of carcinoma in situ of the cervix, both immigrant groups had low rates. Both immigrant groups had low rates of breast cancer, whereas US-born Black women had an average rate.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Carcinoma in Situ/ethnology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Black People , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiology , Emigration and Immigration , Female , Haiti/ethnology , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , New York City , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , West Indies/ethnologySubject(s)
Leprosy/epidemiology , Adult , Child , Dapsone/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Leprosy/drug therapy , Male , Recurrence , West IndiesABSTRACT
At a public hospital serving the low-income community in Brooklyn, New York, invasive cervical cancer (ICC) was diagnosed in more advanced stages in Haitian and English-speaking Caribbean immigrants than in US-born Black women. In Brooklyn as a whole, only Haitians had more advanced ICC. Fewer Haitians had preinvasive cancer or ICC detected by a Pap test. Data are consistent with less frequent screening among low-income immigrants.
Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Black People , Emigration and Immigration , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Haiti/ethnology , Humans , Middle Aged , New York City , Poverty Areas , Registries , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Analysis of computerized data compiled according to the OMSLEP system in the leprosy control service in Guadeloupe has shown that from 1970 to 1984, 80% of the patients were detected by passive case-finding (symptomatic patients), 10% by active case-finding among the school population and 10% by active case-finding among the house-hold contacts of known patients. During the same period of time, global incidence of new cases of leprosy declined from 24 to 11 per 100,000 inhabitants. The decline was greater for paucibacillary cases (y = -0,94) than for multibacillary cases (y = -0,45), and much greater among persons under 15 years of age (y = -3,22) than among those older ones (y = -0,67). Simultaneously 118 relapses, an annual incidence of 1,3%, were observed among the multibacillary patients previously treated by dapsone monotherapy for five years or more. All cases the biopsies of whom were inoculated for drug sensitivity testing in the mouse foot pad yielded dapsone-resistant M. leprae. The proportions of relapses among the annual sources of infection increased from 16% in 1970 to 47% in 1984. Chemoprophylaxis of relapses among multibacillary patients already treated for more than five years with dapsone monotherapy is one of the priorities for leprosy control in Guadeloupe.
Subject(s)
Leprosy/epidemiology , Age Factors , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Humans , Leprosy/diagnosis , Recurrence , West IndiesABSTRACT
The yield of abnormal Pap tests was 13.3/1000 women screened; the yield of breast cancer was 2.2/1000 women examined. Approximately half of the Haitian immigrants (N = 361) had no prior Pap test, compared to one-quarter of the English-speaking Caribbean immigrants (N = 228) and one-tenth of the U.S.-born Black women (N = 264). Only 47% of Haitian women had a regular source of health care compared to 74% of the English speaking Caribbean women and 83% of the U.S.-born Black women. Haitian women were much less likely to practice breast self-examination or to use contraception than were U.S.-born Black women. This program reveals significant needs for preventive health services among low-income Caribbean immigrant women, and demonstrates that selective neighborhood-site programs can be effective in reaching those in need.