Pasta waste in the feeding of meat quail.

This study was undertaken to investigate the performance, carcass characteristics, and economic viability of diets including pasta waste in meal form (PWM) for quail. A total of 450 unsexed meat quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed into five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% inclusion of PWM) in a completely randomized design with six replicates, each with 15 birds. The following rearing periods were evaluated: Phase 1 - 1 to 21 days; and period of 1 to 42 days. In Phase 1, the PWM levels did not influence feed intake (FI), and the PWM inclusion levels for optimal weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC) were estimated at 20.70% and 22.8%, respectively. In the cumulative period of 1 to 42 days, the PWM levels did not lead to differences in FI, WG, or FC. The yields of carcass and cuts were not influenced by the treatments; however, abdominal fat yield decreased as the PWM levels in the diets were increased. Economic analysis showed a reduction of the feeding cost in the studied phases. Pasta waste meal can be included up to the level of 40% without incurring losses in the performance or carcass yield of meat quail.

Zinc, manganese and copper amino acid complexed in laying hens' diets affect performance, blood parameters and reproductive organs development.

In the intestinal lumen, excess of oxides and sulfates interfere with the absorption of minerals due to competition from the same absorption site. Amino acids-mineral complexed (AACM) is intended to minimize these problems, which might be absorbed by different absorption sites. Then, a study including Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) from different sources was carried out to evaluate the performance, blood parameters and reproductive organs development of Brown Laying Hens. A total of 800 Lohmann Brown Lite were fed, from one-day-old to 182-days-old, Zn, Mn and Cu from different sources. Measurements were made from 105 to 182-days-old. The laying hens were distributed according to a completely randomized design with 20 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a diet supplemented with 70, 70 and 8 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu; respectively, from inorganic sources (IM). The second treatment contained 40, 40 and 2.75 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively from IM plus 30, 30 and 5.25 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu; respectively, from AACM sources. Performance and reproductive organs development (oviduct and ovary weight), tibia weight, liver weight, egg output and body weight, and blood variables were evaluated. Data were compared by Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed AACM reached 35% of egg output two days earlier and presented heavier tibia bone than the IM group. Those hens also presented greater oviduct weight, greater hematocrit and greater serum concentration of total leukocytes, erythrocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and the hormones T4 and FSH, than the hens fed IM. The supplementation of AACM in laying hens' diets since one-day-old improves the productive performance from the beginning of egg output to peak production, which is justified by better development of bones and oviduct, hormone production and immune system support.

Desempenho e características de carcaças de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com farelo de algodão / Performance and carcass characteristics in female pigs fed with cottonseed meal / Rendimiento y características de caparazón de hembras porcinas alimentadas com harina de algodón

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability parameters in female pigs fed with different levels of cottonseed meal (CM) in the diets. Twenty-four crossbred female pigs were used, with live weight of 48.20 ± 5.44 kg (growth phase), and 87.62 ± 6.72 kg (finish phase). A completely randomized block design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion of cottonseed meal) was used with six replication, one animal per experimental unit. The performance parameters were not significant in the growth phase; the finish and total phase presented a reduction of weight gain and feed intake. For the carcass characteristics, the animals presented a reduction in backfat thickness, and an increase in the loin area up to 13.5% CM inclusion level. The organs showed weight increase for the heart, liver, and kidneys. It can be concluded that CM can be included in up to 30% without affecting the performance characteristics in the growth phase, and up to 13.5% without compromising the carcass characteristics.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los parámetros de rendimiento, características de caparazón y la viabilidad económica de hembras porcinas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de algodón (HA) en las raciones. Se utilizaron veinticuatro hembras porcinas, con peso vivo promedio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crecimiento) y 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminación). El diseño fue en bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30% de inclusión de harina de algodón), seis repeticiones, un animal por unidad experimental. En la fase de crecimiento, los parámetros de rendimiento no se vieron significativamente influenciados; en la fase de terminación y total, hubo una reducción en el aumento de peso y la ingesta de pienso. Para las características de caparazón, los animales mostraron una reducción en el espesor del tocino y un aumento en el área del ojo del lomo, hasta el nivel del 13,5% de la inclusión de HA. En cuanto al peso de los órganos, hubo un aumento en el peso del corazón, hígado y riñones. Se concluye que es posible incluir HA hasta el nivel de 30%, sin afectar las características de rendimiento en la fase de crecimiento, y de hasta un 13,5% sin comprometer el rendimiento de los caparazones.(AU)

Zoonotic potential of multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli obtained from healthy poultry carcasses in Salvador, Brazil

The zoonotic potential to cause human and/or animal infections among multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was investigated. Twenty-seven extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates containing the increased survival gene (iss) were obtained from the livers of healthy and diseased poultry carcasses at two slaughterhouses in Salvador, northeastern Brazil. The antimicrobial resistance-susceptibility profiles were conducted with antibiotics of avian and/or human use by the standardized disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance was higher for levofloxacin (51.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%), ampicillin (81.5%), cefalotin (88.8%), tetracycline (100%) and streptomycin (100%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations above the resistance breakpoints of doxycycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin reached, respectively, 88.0%, 100%, 75% and 91.7% of the isolates. Strains with high and low antimicrobial resistance were i.p. administered to Swiss mice, and histopathological examination was carried out seven days after infection. Resistance to goat and human serum complement was also evaluated. The results show that Swiss mice challenged with strain 2B (resistant to 11 antimicrobials) provoked a severe degeneration of hepatocytes besides lymphocytic infiltration in the liver, whereas the spleen showed areas of degeneration of the white and red pulp. Conversely, the spleen and liver of mice challenged with strain 4A (resistant to two antimicrobials) were morphologically preserved. In addition, complement resistance to goat and human serum was high for strain 2B and low for strain 4A. Our data show that multidrug resistance and pathogenesis can be correlated in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains obtained from apparently healthy poultry carcasses, increasing the risk for human public healthy.

Zoonotic potential of multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli obtained from healthy poultry carcasses in Salvador, Brazil.

The zoonotic potential to cause human and/or animal infections among multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was investigated. Twenty-seven extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates containing the increased survival gene (iss) were obtained from the livers of healthy and diseased poultry carcasses at two slaughterhouses in Salvador, northeastern Brazil. The antimicrobial resistance-susceptibility profiles were conducted with antibiotics of avian and/or human use by the standardized disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance was higher for levofloxacin (51.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%), ampicillin (81.5%), cefalotin (88.8%), tetracycline (100%) and streptomycin (100%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations above the resistance breakpoints of doxycycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin reached, respectively, 88.0%, 100%, 75% and 91.7% of the isolates. Strains with high and low antimicrobial resistance were i.p. administered to Swiss mice, and histopathological examination was carried out seven days after infection. Resistance to goat and human serum complement was also evaluated. The results show that Swiss mice challenged with strain 2B (resistant to 11 antimicrobials) provoked a severe degeneration of hepatocytes besides lymphocytic infiltration in the liver, whereas the spleen showed areas of degeneration of the white and red pulp. Conversely, the spleen and liver of mice challenged with strain 4A (resistant to two antimicrobials) were morphologically preserved. In addition, complement resistance to goat and human serum was high for strain 2B and low for strain 4A. Our data show that multidrug resistance and pathogenesis can be correlated in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains obtained from apparently healthy poultry carcasses, increasing the risk for human public healthy.

Exigência de cálcio para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) machos na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade / Calcium requirement for male japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from 1 to 21 days of age

Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, determinar a exigência de cálcio de codornas japonesas machos, no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 280 codornas com peso médio de 8 ± 2 g na fase inicial. As variáveis estudadas foram consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de sete níveis de cálcio para cada fase, com quatro repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de cálcio foram 0,85; 1,00; 1,15; 1,30; 1,45; 1,60 e 1,75 por cento. As suplementações de cálcio foram realizadas através do calcário calcítico da ração. Verificou-se que o CR, o GP e a CA apresentaram efeito quadrático com o aumento dos níveis de cálcio na dieta. Recomenda-se dieta contendo 1,24 por cento de cálcio para codornas japonesas machos no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade.

The objective of this study was to determine calcium requirement of male japanese quails from 1 to 21 days of age. 280 quails with average weight of 8 ± 2 g in the initial phase were used. The evaluated performance parameters were feed intake (CR), weight gain (GP) and feed conversion (CA). A completely randomized experimental design was used, with seven calcium levels and four replicates of ten birds per experimental unit. Calcium levels were 0.85, 1.00, 1.15, 1.30, 1.45, 1.60 and 1.75 percent. Limestone was added to the diet as calcium supplementation source. It was found that CR, GP and CA showed a quadratic effect with the increased levels of calcium in the diet. It is recommended diet containing 1.24 percent calcium for male japanese quail in the period from 1 to 21 days of age.