Deep Neck Space Infection a Study of 150 Cases at Tertiary Care Hospital.

Deep neck space infection (DNSI) is the infection of the potential space in the Neck; in this study our aim is to identify various aetiological causes, common site, bacteriology, and complications arising from it. DNSI is traditionally managed by prompt surgical drainage of the abscess followed by culture specific antibiotics. It is a prospective cross sectional type of study done conducted on 150 patients suffering from DNSI, it was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020 (1 year duration) at Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, A.B.V Govt Medical College, Vidisha, MP, India. In our study, the majority of patients were in the 31-40 year age group. 53.33% were male 44.66% were female. Pain in the swelling was the most common symptom identified in 46.66% patients. Odontogenic infection 42.66% was the most common etiological factor, Ludwig angina 24.66% was the common site of presentation. Streptococcus species was found on pus culture 31.33%. Surgical intervention incision & drainage was carried out in 38% patients and emergency tracheostomy was required in 12% cases. DNSI is a potential life threatening condition; patients should be treated with Incision and drainage along with intravenous antibiotics which is subsequently updated to culture & sensitivity report. Due to poor oral hygiene, chronic irritation by caries tooth, chewing beetle nut and tobacco, odontogenic cause has became major etiological factor for DNSI. Regular dental checkups, general awareness about oral hygiene are a must to prevent dental infections as odontogenic is leading cause of DNSI in our study.

To Study the Role of FNAC in Pre-operative Diagnostic Work Up and Management in Parotid Tumours.

Parotid gland is an important major salivary gland connected to the oral cavity. Salivary gland tumours are infrequent around less than 3% of head and neck tumours. Parotid gland is the most common site for the occurrence of salivary tumors. They are heterogeneous group of neoplasm characterized by the varying histological features and clinical behaviour. In our study we have examined the role of FNAC for preoperative diagnostic and management. We have concluded that Fine needle aspiration cytology is advocated routinely to know the type and nature of the tumour as an important pre-operatively diagnostic work up. It helps in preoperative identification of type of tumour neoplastic or benign, preoperative counselling of patient, planning of management of tumour, and preparing the patient and the surgical team for the more extensive procedure generally required for a high grade malignancy.

Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS.

We report a case of a 40 year old HIV infected male, citizen of Somalia who presented with multiple painful, livid reddish brown plaques, papules and nodules on both lower limbs and purplish red nodules on the hard palate. The cutaneous nodular lesions on biopsy showed characteristic features of Kaposi's sarcoma. This case is reported due to paucity of Kaposi's sarcoma in Indian literature.

Antifungal activity of Agapanthus africanus extractives.

The ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Agapanthus africanus showed antifungal activity. In bioassay guided fractionation, n-butanol fraction exhibited significant activity against human pathogens. A saponin, (25R)-spirost-7-en-2alpha,3beta,5alpha-triol-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->3)] beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), responsible for the antifungal activity and having MIC value of 15.6 microg/ml against Trychophyton mentagrophytes and Sporothrix schenekii, was isolated and identified as active constituent of the plant.

Antifungal anthraquinones from Saprosma fragrans.

A new 3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy anthraquinone-2-corboxaldehyde (1) together with a known anthraquinone, damnacanthal (2), were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the aerial part (whole plant without root) of Saprosma fragrans. The isolated anthraquinones (1) and (2) were found to exhibit antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Sporitrichum schenckii. Their structures were established by chemical and spectral analysis.

Nasal glioma : A case report.

Nasal glioma, also known as glial heterptopia or the occurrence of isolated non - leratomatous glial tissue is a rare and benign congenital defect. This condition is diagnosed usually at birth time and requires early treatment to prevent facial deformations. We report here a case of extranasal glioma that was diagnosed and treated at the department of ENT, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. We emphasize on the developmental theory proposed as the etiology and discuss the clinical aspects, treatment and follow up.

Immunolocalization of secretory proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus using monospecific polyclonal antibodies in a murine model.

The incidence of life-threatening mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi has increased dramatically in recent years with members of the genera Candida and Aspergillus being the most commonly encountered species. Prompt initiation of antifungal therapy for good prognosis of such cases is highly dependent on accurate diagnosis. The potential of metabolic antigens in the diagnosis of aspergillosis was investigated in the present study. Two proteins of 18 and 70 kDa were identified with success rate of 35% and 60% respectively based on their reactivity with patient sera of clinically diagnosed cases of aspergillosis. The antibodies raised against 70 and 18 kDa proteins in rabbits were found to be useful in detection of A. fumigatus in the kidneys of a mouse model of aspergillosis.

Identification of novel antifungal nonapeptides through the screening of combinatorial peptide libraries based on a hexapeptide motif.

Four sets of mixture based nonapeptide libraries derived from an antifungal hexapeptide pharmacophore Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-NH(2) (II) have been synthesized. The three C-terminal positions 7, 8 and 9 were subject to randomization using 19 genetically coded amino acids. They were then screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in order to quantify inhibition at each step of the nonapeptide sublibrary deconvolution. The studies led to the identification of several novel nonapeptides with potent antifungal activity. Two of the nonapeptides exhibited approximately 17-fold increase in the activity in comparison to the lead hexapeptide motif His-D-Trp-D-Phe-Phe-D-Phe-Lys-NH(2) (I) against C. albicans.

Combinatorial approach to lead optimization of a novel hexapeptide with antifungal activity.

Three sets of sublibraries of an antifungal lead peptide His-D-Trp-D-Phe-Phe-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (I) have been prepared by introducing variations at positions 1, 4 and 6. They were screened for their antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans in order to quantify inhibition at each step of the hexapeptide sublibrary iteration. The studies led to the identification of Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-NH2 as a novel hexapeptide with potent antifungal activity against both C. albicans and C. neoformans.

Suitably functionalised pyrimidines as potential antimycotic agents.

Various suitably functionalized pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized to explore their potential as antimycotic agents. Some of the synthesized compounds 4c, 4d, 8a-e have shown highly significant in vitro antifungal activity against five human pathogenic fungi.

Systemic amyloidosis in Hodgkin's disease.

Secondary amyloidosis as a complication of Hodgkin's disease has been described as being unusual to rare in occurrence. We report a case in which the clinical picture was that of a renal failure, etiology of which could not be determined but which proved to be amyloidosis secondary to clinically unrecognised Hodgkin's disease.

Renovasculopathies in elderly normotensives of Bombay, India.

In essential hypertension, specific vasculopathies distinguish the kidney of nephrosclerosis. The severity of renovasculopathy can be measured histologically at autopsy. A previously determined equation uses the measurements to calculate mean blood pressure levels. That equation did not encompass elderly subjects with minimal vasculopathy, because they were deficient in the previous data set. Such subjects were abundant in a series of 86 autopsies conducted at the J.J. Hospital in Bombay. That newly reviewed series now provides many instances of normotension accompanying minimal vasculopathy at ages greater than 40-50 years. These conditions are seldom observed in the U.S.A. The newly examined elderly normotensives manifest degrees of renovasculopathy equivalent to those of youthful normotensives with comparable blood pressure levels. The elderly subjects who escaped a rise of blood pressure with age were those with long delayed progression of renovasculopathy; this may be the explanation for avoidance of hypertension in old age. The outcome places the J.J. Hospital patients among the populations of the world with the slowest rates of progression of hypertension.