Spiritual Needs of Iranian Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study.

Facing crises, life problems, and illnesses, many people turn to religion, spirituality, and faith as a psychosocial adjustment approach. This qualitative study assessed the spiritual needs of fourteen Iranian patients who recovered from COVID-19. Qualitative content analysis resulted in three themes, including "composure" with three categories of "prayer", "hope", and "connection"; "meaning in the life" comprising two categories of "a new prospect of life" and "the power of nature"; and "global responsibility" involving one category of "the relationships between individuals, communities, and the world". This study highlighted that patients relied on spirituality to cope with COVID-19 disease.

Development and Psychometric Properties of a Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale for Patients With COVID-19.

The current mixed methods, exploratory study aimed to develop and determine the psychometrics of a scale to assess the spiritual needs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study was performed in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. Through 14 interviews with patients with COVID-19, three themes, including Composure, Meaning in Life, and Global Responsibility, were formed. In the quantitative stage, content validity was achieved through the comments of 10 experts and patients. A total of 330 participants completed the instrument to assess construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis with 29 items and four subscales was performed, indicating a 6-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.82 for the whole scale and 0.85, 0.81, 0.79, and 0.72 for the Composure, Communication, Meaning in Life, and Global Responsibility subscales, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest analysis) was 0.79 and showed acceptable stability for the scale. The "Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale for COVID-19 Patients" is a 29-item multi-dimensional scale with robust psychometric properties, which can measure various aspects regarding the spiritual needs of patients with COVID-19. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(4), 47-54.].

Shedding light on the causes of academic procrastination among nursing students: A qualitative descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Academic procrastination is a complex phenomenon and a common behavior among nursing students. Due to procrastinating behaviors, students cannot show their real performances in learning processes. In order to stop this behavior, it is crucial to know the most common causes of procrastination in the first place. The aim of this study was to identify a variety of different possible factors influencing academic procrastination among nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A qualitative study method with the content analysis approach was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. Participants were 67 nursing students and 8 nursing educators from 3 nursing schools in Iran. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used for data gathering. An inductive approach to content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Five categories and 24 subcategories emerged from the data analysis: "student-related factors," "educator-related factor," "assignment characteristic-related factors," "institution-related factors," and "nursing work-related factors." CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that nursing students' academic procrastination can have a wide range of causes and a comprehensive effort is needed to address the problems. The result of our study will be useful to nursing students, educators, and nursing administrators in relation to what constitutes nursing students' academic procrastination, as well as how nursing education can play an effective role in decreasing tendency to procrastination.

The Effectiveness of Workshop and Multimedia Training Methods on the Nurses' Decision-Making Skills Regarding Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Nurses can safely and effectively wean patients from mechanical ventilation (MV) by the use of proper instruments and planning. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 training methods on the decision-making skill of intensive critical care (ICU) nurses with regard to weaning from MV. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 nurses working in ICUs participated in 1 of 2 educational groups in 2016. The interventions were workshop and multimedia training for decision-making skill regarding weaning from MV. The data were gathered from a questionnaire based on the Burns Weaning Assessment Program tool before and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t test, the χ test, and the Fisher exact test using the software SPSS v. 17. RESULTS: The decision-making skill with regard to awareness of weaning factors (physiological and respiratory) increased in both groups after the intervention (P ≤ .001), but the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically meaningful. Considering the mean scores before and after the intervention, the general skill of decision-making regarding weaning from MV was higher in the multimedia training group compared with the workshop training group (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION: The multimedia training method, which has been more successful, is recommended owing to its characteristics of virtual education, such as accessibility, flexibility, learner centeredness, and expansibility, as well as nurses' lack of time.

Nurses' perceptions of care during wartime: a qualitative study.

AIM: This study explains nurses' experiences and views on the care of injured soldiers during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988) and the effect of this care on these nurses. BACKGROUND: Many studies on war suggest nurses' experiences physical and psychological trauma. Knowing the nurses' experiences can assist healthcare systems and the nursing profession to identify unknown threats. INTRODUCTION: War is a specific phenomenon. After soldiers, nurses are one of the first professions to engage in the phenomenon when it occurs. METHOD: A descriptive qualitative approach was used along with conventional content analysis. Data collected in 2014 from semi-structured interviews of 14 nurses who were selected through purposive sampling. RESULTS: Two themes (Care in the war, a different culture and concept and Care achievements during the war) and six subthemes (Unusual working conditions, Different work spirit, A real but informal classroom, Professional self-achievements, Outcomes for the professional community, The changed self) emerged from the data. CONCLUSION: A range of environmental factors and conditions, mental and emotional problems and the outcomes of war were identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: This study emphasizes the importance of being prepared for such crises and using the previous experiences of nurses who served in war time for training future nurses.

Organization-based self-development prescriptive model for the promotion of professional development of Iranian clinical nurses.

BACKGROUND: Professional development is reiterated in the new definition of modern organizations as a serious undertaking of organizations. This article aims to present and describe a prescriptive model to increase the quality of professional development of Iranian nurses within an organization-based framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article is an outcome of the results of a study based on grounded theory describing how Iranian nurses develop. The present study adopted purposive sampling and the initial participants were experienced clinical nurses. Then, the study continued by theoretical sampling. The present study involved 21 participants. Data were mainly collected through interviews. Analysis began with open coding and continued with axial coding and selective coding. Trustworthiness was ensured by applying Lincoln and Guba criteria such as credibility, dependability, and conformability. Based on the data gathered in the study and a thorough review of related literature, a prescriptive model has been designed by use of the methodology of Walker and Avant (2005). RESULTS: In this model, the first main component is a three-part structure: Reformation to establish a value-assigning structure, a position for human resource management, and a job redesigning. The second component is certain of opportunities for organization-oriented development. These strategies are as follows: Raising the sensitivity of the organization toward development, goal setting and planning the development of human resources, and improving management practices. CONCLUSIONS: Through this model, clinical nurses' professional development can transform the profession from an individual, randomized activity into more planned and systematized services. This model can lead to a better quality of care.

Managers' roles in the professional growth of Iranian clinical nurses.

Any progressive organization should consider investing in its clinical nurses' professional growth if it desires to survive and succeed in offering care. Managers play a significant role in facilitating clinical nurses' professional growth. A content analysis study was conducted with 20 clinical nurses and managers in Iran in order to describe how they experienced managers' roles in relation to their professional growth. They believed that managers played two major roles in their professional growth process: motivating and inhibiting. From the participants' point of view, managers, through supporting, encouraging, and valuing staff and creating opportunities for learning, played a facilitating role in their professional growth. But, whenever the staff did not receive this support, they became discouraged and did not make any progress. The results can be used to improve management and, consequently, to enhance the professional growth of staff.

Iranian nurses´ perceptions of their professional growth and development.

Change in today's healthcare settings is inevitable. Professional growth and development are essential in order to remain a viable member of the healthcare team. Although the importance of professional growth and development is emphasized in the literature, the associated outcomes of professional development have not been fully described. In this article the authors present a qualitative study in which 21 Iranian nurses, whose years of nursing experienced ranged from 3 to 28 years, shared the perceptions of their professional development and growth. In reporting the study findings the authors discuss how these nurses described their skill and psychosocial development within the themes of developing judgment, improving communication, instilling confidence, seeing the whole patient, and strengthening commitment to nursing.