ABSTRACT
Domperidone, ondansetron and olanzapine can prolong the QT interval. The clinical use of combinations of these drugs is not uncommon. Our study aimed to determine the presence of any QTc prolonging effect of the combination when used as antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. We carried out a prospective, observational study of patients with malignancy who were to receive domperidone, ondansetron and olanzapine-containing antiemetic regimen. Electrocardiograms were recorded before and during the administration of antiemetics, for three consecutive days. A blinded assessor determined the QTc interval using Bazett and Fridericia formulae. Thirty-six patients completed the study; 23 (63.9%) were females. There was a statistically significant change in QTc with time (Fridericia, χ2(4) = 15.629, p = 0.004; Bazett, χ2(4) = 15.910, p = 0.003); QTc on Day 1 was more than that during baseline (p < 0.001); these differences were significant in females (Fridericia, χ2(4) = 13.753, p = 0.008; Bazett, χ2 (4) = 13.278, p = 0.010) but not in males (Fridericia, χ2 (4) = 4.419, p = 0.352; Bazett, χ2(4) = 4.280, p = 0.369). Two female patients had an absolute QTc prolongation (Bazett correction) of > 500 ms. However, no clinically significant adverse events occurred. The findings show that QTc prolongation is a concern with olanzapine alone and in combination with domperidone and ondansetron, and needs to be investigated further.
Subject(s)
Antiemetics/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Domperidone/adverse effects , Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced , Nausea/drug therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Olanzapine/adverse effects , Ondansetron/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Domperidone/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Long QT Syndrome/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Nausea/chemically induced , Olanzapine/administration & dosage , Ondansetron/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method , Young AdultABSTRACT
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are commonly associated with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We describe a 14-year-old boy who presented with rupture of right sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) into the right ventricular outflow tract (through two openings) along with a residual VSD, four years after surgical closure of the VSD. Both antegrade and retrograde approaches were used to close the RSOV defects. The larger defect was closed from the venous side using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO-I) device while the smaller defect was closed from the arterial end using and ADO-II device. The residual VSD was also closed percutaneously using a ADO-I device. Successful transcatheter closure of all defects was possible thereby preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with a repeat surgery.