ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas generales, así como algunas vinculadas con el proceso de migración y evaluar el nivel de desesperanza de los mexicanos que son deportados de los Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU) al Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México (AICM), a través del Programa de Repatriación al Interior de México (PRIM). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal en el periodo de julio a diciembre de 2015. Se aplicó en forma aleatoria, confidencial y previo consentimiento un cuestionario estructurado a migrantes mexicanos deportados a su arribo a México y provenientes de los EE.UU, se incluyó una sección de datos sociodemográficos generales; de aspectos relacionados con la migración y, se evaluó el nivel de desesperanza por medio de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck. Resultados: Se encuestó a 367 migrantes mexicanos deportados, sólo siete fueron mujeres, la mayoría en un rango de edad de 18 a 35 años, el 23% reporta enfermedades pre-existentes, sólo el 45% tuvo un buen acceso a servicios de salud en EE.UU, el 56% ya había sido repatriado en dos o más ocasiones, el 75% había vivido más de cinco años en ese país, sólo el 13% utilizó una Ventanilla de Salud de algún consulado mexicano durante su estancia. La prevalencia de desesperanza fue del 6% en esta población. Conclusiones: El abordaje de la salud mental en poblaciones de migrantes mexicanos carece de políticas públicas. La caracterización de la población migrante repatriada debe ser el punto de partida para incidir en políticas públicas que mejoren la calidad de vida de los migrantes de retorno.
Objective: To describe some general social-demographic characteristics associated with the phenomenon of migration and assess the level of despair among Mexicans who are deported from USA to the City of Mexico International Airport through the Program of Repatriation. Methods: This is a descriptive and transversal study carried out from July to December 2015. A confidential questionnaire was randomly given, provided the previous informed consent, to Mexican migrants who had been deported from USA. Data sections on general social-demographic characteristics and migration-related issues were included. The level of despair was estimated using Beck's Despair Scale. Results: 367 deported Mexican migrants were studied. Only 7 were women. The majority were in the range of 18 to 35 years old. 23% reported having had preexisting illnesses and only 45% had access to health services in USA. 56% had previously been deported in two or more occasions. 75% had been living in USA for more than 5 years. Only 13% used the Health Window at any Mexican Consulate during their stay. The prevalence of despair was 6%. Conclusions: Addressing the condition of mental health among these populations requires further public policies and the precise identification of their characteristics should be the starting point to improve their quality of life upon return.
Objetivo: Descrever as características sociodemográficas gerais, assim como algumas associadas ao processo de migração e avaliar o nível de desesperança dos mexicanos que são deportados dos Estados Unidos da América (EE.UU) ao Aeroporto Internacional da Cidade do México (AICM), através do Programa de Repatriação ao Interior do México (PRIM). Métodos: Estudo descritivo de tipo transversal no período de julho a dezembro de 2015. Aplicou-se em forma aleatória, confidencial e com consentimento prévio, um questionário estruturado a migrantes mexicanos deportados a seu arribo ao México e provindos dos EE.UU. Incluiu-se uma secção de dados sociodemográficos gerais; de aspectos relacionados com a migração e, avaliou-se o nível de desesperança por médio da Escala de Desesperança de Beck. Resultados: Foram questionados 367 migrantes mexicanos deportados, só sete foram mulheres, a maioria em uma faixa etária de 18 a 35 anos, o 23% informa doenças pré-existentes, só o 45% teve um bom acesso a serviços de saúde nos EE.UU, o 56% já tinha sido repatriado em dois ou mais ocasiões, o 75% tinha vivido mais de cinco anos nesse país, só o 13% utilizou um guiché de Saúde de algum consulado mexicano durante sua permanência. A prevalência de desesperança foi do 6% nesta população. Conclusões: A abordagem da saúde mental em populações de migrantes mexicanos carece de políticas públicas. A caracterização da população migrante repatriada deve ser o ponto de partida para promover políticas públicas que melhorem a qualidade de vida dos migrantes de retorno.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Transients and Migrants , United States , Airports , MexicoABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leukotrienes and isoprostanes are biomarkers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress that can be detected in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 8-isoprostane levels in EBC of healthy and asthmatic children with episodic and moderate persistent asthma. METHODS: EBC was collected from 62 children aged 6 to 14 years: 22 healthy children, 30 patients with episodic asthma, and 10 patients with moderate persistent asthma, without preventive treatment at the time of enrolment. RESULTS: LTB concentrations were higher in children with asthma than in healthy controls (50.7 pg/mL vs. 13.68 pg/mL, P < .011). The same was true for children with moderate persistent asthma compared to children with episodic asthma (146.9 pg/mL vs. 18.85 pg/mL, P < .0001), children with moderate persistent asthma compared to healthy controls (146.9 pg/mL vs. 13.68 pg/mL, P < .0001), and children with episodic asthma compared to healthy controls (P, nonsignificant). EBC concentrations of 8-isoprostane were higher in asthmatic than in healthy children (18.3 pg/mL vs. 6.59 pg/mL, P < .026). They were also increased in children with moderate persistent asthma compared to those with episodic asthma (36.25 pg/mL and 12.28 pg/mL, P < .012), and in children with moderate persistent asthma and episodic asthma compared to healthy controls (36.25 pg/mL vs. 6.59 pg/mL [P < .0001] and 12.28 pg/mL versus 6.59 pg/mL [P < .0001], respectively). CONCLUSION: LTB4 and 8-isoprostane concentrations were increased in asthmatic children compared to healthy individuals, with differences detected for 2 degrees of asthma severity. Our findings suggest that EBC is a noninvasive method for airway inflammation and oxidative stress assessment.