Comparison between linseed expeller and canola expeller on concentrate intake, and circulating inflammatory mediators in Holstein calves.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of linseed and canola expeller on average daily weight gain (ADG), concentrate intakes, incidence of diarrhea, serum haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-1, and resolvin-E1 in female Holstein calves from birth to weaning. A sample size of 20 calves per group was calculated and were randomly allocated at the time of birth. Linseed group (LIN) was fed a starter with linseed expeller, while canola group (CAN) received a similar concentrate, but with canola expeller. Both expellers were included at a rate of 25% dry matter (DM) basis of the starter. Pasteurized waste milk was fed twice a day until weaning. Calves were weighed at birth, 30, and 60 d of age. Starter intake was evaluated daily from 5 to 60 d. A blood sample was obtained at birth, 14, 28, 35, and 49 d of age, and bovine serum resolvin-E1, haptoglobin, and IL-1 were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Incidence of diarrhea and the duration of the events were also recorded. The effect of the interaction group by time on body weight (BW) and starter intake was not significant (P > 0.05). Average daily gains (ADG) from 0 to 60 d for CAN and LIN groups were 0.680 and 0.675 kg/d (P > 0.05), respectively. Incidences of diarrhea were 25% and 45% for CAN and LIN groups, respectively (P = 0.18). LIN group had greater concentrations of IL-1 at d 21, haptoglobin at d 7, and resolving-E1 at d 14 and 49 than CAN group, respectively. It is concluded that BW at weaning, ADG, and concentrate intakes were not different between groups fed starters containing linseed or canola expeller (25% inclusion). The concentrations of cytokines and haptoglobin were the greatest in LIN group.

Legibilidad lingüística de materiales informativos impresos, divulgados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Paraguay, aplicando el Índice de Niebla de Gunning / Linguistic legibility of printed informational materials, disclosed by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Paraguay, applying the Gunning Fog Index

Introducción: Para la Teoría de Enfermería del Déficit de Autocuidado (TEDA), el enfermero trabaja con "sistemas de enfermería": parcialmente compensatorio, totalmente compensatorio y sistema de apoyo educativo. Para este último, los materiales informativos (educativos) impresos son importantes. De la legibilidad de ellos depende la eficacia de los programas del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSP y BS) del Paraguay. Sin embargo, esta legibilidad no ha sido estudiada en el país. Objetivo: Analizar la legibilidad lingüística de materiales informativos impresos, divulgados por el MSP y BS, aplicando el Índice de Niebla de Gunning (ING). Materiales y métodos: De los materiales informativos impresos, publicados por el MSP y BS entre 2003 y 2018, se identificó un corpus de 49 materiales. De ellos, por muestreo aleatorio polietápico, fueron seleccionados 250 párrafos. Se calculó el ING de cada uno. La media de ING de dichos párrafos se comparó con un "patrón oro", elaborado para el español paraguayo estándar a partir de una muestra artículos de opinión de periódicos de circulación nacional. Resultados: La media de legibilidad lingüística calculada fue 20,50, valor de un nivel de dificultad "normal" en la escala del patrón oro elaborado con artículos periodísticos de opinión. Conclusión: Los párrafos estudiados, en promedio, tienen niveles de legibilidad comparables con los de artículos de opinión de periódicos de circulación nacional. Dado que la media de años de escolaridad de la población del país (8,4 años) es baja, la eficacia de los materiales informativos impresos, para fines de autocuidado, no está garantizada. Palabras clave: Autocuidado, Sistemas de enfermería, Materiales informativos impresos, Legibilidad lingüística.

Introduction: The Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) states that nurses work with "nursing systems": Partly compensatory, Wholly compensatory and Supportive-educative. For the latter, printed health instructional resources are important. The efficacy of the programs of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MPH & SW) of Paraguay depends on the readability of those informational aids. However, there are no studies about the readability of these health educational resources in the country. Objective: To analyze the readability of printed health educational resources published by the MPH & SW, applying the Gunning Fog Index (GFI). Methods: A corpus of 49 health informational resources, published by the MPH & SW between 2003 and 2018, was identified. From these, by random multi-stage sampling, 250 paragraphs were selected. The GFI of each one was calculated. The mean of GFI of these paragraphs was compared with a "gold standard", designed for the Paraguayan Spanish, based on a sample of opinion articles of national newspapers. Results: The mean of GFI calculated was 20.50, which can be read as a "normal" difficulty level on the gold standard scale developed with newspaper opinion articles. Conclusion: The paragraphs studied, on average, have comparable readability levels with opinion articles of national newspapers. Since the schooling year average of the country's population is low (8.4 years), the efficacy of the printed health educational resource for self-care purposes is not guaranteed. Keywords: Self-Care, Nursing Systems, Printed Health Educational Resources, Readability.

The happy elderly as a being-toward-death: a phenomenological research. / El adulto mayor feliz, como ser-para-la-muerte: estudio fenomenológico.

INTRODUCTION: Little research has been done on elderly adults from an optimistic perspective. What is it like to be a happy elderly person who is moving toward death? How can we approach their health promotion? This study aimed at exploring ways of being happy in older adults in Chile. METHODS: We used a phenomenological approach, using Martin Heidegger’s philosophical frame. Participants were chosen after applying the Lyubomirski scale – those who fell into the “happy” category were invited to a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: We identified categories in happy elderly people; such as being autonomous, traveling, dancing, childcare, reading, pets, enjoy material goods. Thus, being able to understand the happy elderly person as being placed in the world without any choice other than accepting life and death as best as possible, with an optimistic regard about the past, an ability to reinvent themselves, and an awareness of being closer to death. CONCLUSIONS: There is still not enough knowledge available about the psychological resources that promote a welfare state in old age in juxtaposition with the losses at this stage of life. Studies show that happiness levels in older adults are very good, albeit in a context of high concentration of emotional and material losses, and the imminence of death. Unlike the common standpoint that conceives older adults within a biomedical framework, we believe it is necessary to promote an ontological understanding of old age; that is to say an understanding beyond bodily conditions, which includes the meaning of life experiences, and happiness as a tool for active and healthy aging.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se evidencia un déficit de estudios que aborden al adulto mayor desde una óptica positiva. ¿Cómo es ser un adulto mayor feliz, sabiendo que vamos a morir? y ¿qué aspectos se deben considerar desde la promoción de la salud? OBJETIVO: Descubrir aspectos del modo de ser de un adulto mayor feliz y como ser-para-la-muerte en Chile. MÉTODO: Estudio fenomenológico, tomando como referente filosófico a Martin Heidegger. La selección de los participantes se realizó a través de la escala de Lyubomirsky, que permitió identificar siete adultos mayores felices, a los cuales se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. RESULTADOS: Se logró identificar categorías para un adulto mayor feliz como siendo autónomo, viajando, bailando, criando, leyendo, teniendo mascotas y gozando de los bienes. Se llegó a comprender al adulto mayor feliz como un ser arrojado. Esto es puesto en el mundo, sin experiencia y sin más alternativa que asumir la vida y la muerte de la mejor manera posible, con una apropiación positiva del pasado, capacidad para reinventarse y con consciencia de ser-para-la-muerte. CONCLUSIONES: Todavía no existe suficiente conocimiento disponible sobre los recursos psicológicos que promueven un estado de bienestar en la vejez en yuxtaposición con las pérdidas experimentadas en esta etapa de la vida. Los estudios demuestran que los niveles de felicidad en los adultos mayores son muy buenos, aunque sea en un contexto de gran concentración de pérdidas afectivas y materiales, y ante la inminencia de la muerte. Los profesionales de la salud no deben desestimar la felicidad de los adultos mayores. Ante la tendencia de observar al adulto mayor desde una óptica biomédica, es necesario promover una comprensión ontológica de la vejez. Una comprensión que vaya más allá de lo corporal, que incorpore los significados y experiencias vividas, y a la felicidad como herramienta para un envejecimiento activo y saludable.

Dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Hydrocephalus is an uncommon presentation of neurosarcoidosis. We discuss the case of a 67-year-old woman with a prior diagnosis of hypothyroidism, systemic hypertension, and lung sarcoidosis who presented with a 1-month history of progressive impairment of consciousness leading to prostration and loss of sphincter control. At admission, patient was febrile with altered speech and without focalization. Laboratory results showed leucocytosis and mild anaemia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was characterized by mild elevated protein level, increased cell count, normal glucose and adenosine deaminase (ADA), negative cytology, and no bacterial isolations. Electroencephalogram showed toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed hydrocephalus without structural damage, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated non-specific diffuse meningeal enhancement and periventricular changes supporting normal pressure hydrocephalus. Chest X-ray showed mediastinal adenopathy and parenchymatous lesions, consistent with stage II lung sarcoidosis. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was installed, and the patient experienced rapid improvement in her symptoms.

Respuestas socio-sanitarias frente al consumo de pasta base: límites y potencialidades de los centros de rehabilitación de la zona sur del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Socio-sanitary answers to the consumption of cocaine paste: limits and potentials of rehabilitation centers

INTRODUCCIÓN: el número creciente de politratamientos realizados por los jóvenes de la zona sur del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) para abandonar el consumo de pasta base (PB)/paco revela la necesidad de estudiar cómo describen los jóvenes elfuncionamiento de los centros de rehabilitación. OBJETIVOS: Analizar loslímites y las potencialidades de los centros de rehabilitación para personascon consumos problemáticos de pasta base/paco desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes. Analizar las políticas en materia de adicciones y determinarla accesibilidad a los espacios de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Se realizó unestudio cualitativo entre mediados de 2012 y principios de 2013 en la zona sur del AMBA. Los datos se analizaron con Atlas.ti 7.0. Se trabajó con jóvenes que concurrían a diferentes organizaciones de la sociedad civil, tales como centros de día, comunidades terapéuticas o espaciosde recuperación y rehabilitación de personas adictas. RESULTADOS: Elconsumo de pasta base comienza entre los 11 y 15 años. Los jóvenes que culminaron el tratamiento no responsabilizaron del consumo a susfamilias, sino al contexto. Los usuarios de pasta base concurren a las guardias médicas sólo por emergencias y sienten que no hay espacio para ellos. El acceso a los centros de rehabilitación está garantizado, perose dificulta la permanencia por las dinámicas que facilitan el abandono delos mismos. CONCLUSIONES: Existen barreras para acceder a la atenciónhospitalaria y para permanecer en los centros de rehabilitación. No se cumplen los derechos y las garantías proclamados en la Ley 26.657. Esnecesario realizar controles exhaustivos y propiciar espacios comunitarios que contemplen el contexto de los jóvenes.

INTRODUCTION: the growing number of polytreatments received by young people in the south of the MetropolitanArea of Buenos Aires (MABA) to stop the consumption of cocaine paste (CP), or paco, reveals the need to study therehabilitation center functioning taking into account the descriptions of the young patients. OBJECTIVES: To analyze limits and potentials of rehabilitation centers for paco addicts from the perspective of young people. To analyze addiction policies andto determine the accessibility to treatment facilities. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted between mid-2012 and early 2013 in the southern MABA zone. Data were analyzed with Atlas. ti 7.0. The study included young people attending different civil society organizations, such as day centers, therapeutic communities or facilities for the recovery and rehabilitation of addictedpeople. RESULTS: CP consumption starts at 8-15 years of age. The young people who completed the treatment did not blame their families, but the context. CP users attend medical services only in case of emergency and feel there is no place for them. Access to rehabilitation centers is guaranteed, but it is difficult to stay there due to certain dynamics leading to treatment dropout. CONCLUSIONS: There are barriers to access hospital care andto tay in rehabilitation centers. Law 26657 establishes rights andguarantees which are not respected. It is necessary to perform detailed checks and promote community spaces considering the context of young people.

Respuestas socio-sanitarias frente al consumo de pasta base: límites y potencialidades de los centros de rehabilitación / Socio-sanitary answers to the consumption of cocaine paste: limits and potentials of rehabilitation centers

INTRODUCCIÓN El número creciente de politratamientos realizados por los jóvenes de la zona sur del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) para abandonar el consumo de pasta base (PB)/paco revela la necesidad de estudiar cómo describen los jóvenes el funcionamiento de los centros de rehabilitación. OBJETIVOS Analizar los límites y las potencialidades de los centros de rehabilitación para adictos al paco desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes. Analizar las políticas en materia de adicciones y determinar la accesibilidad a los espacios de tratamiento. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio cualitativo entre mediados de 2012 y principios de 2013 en la zona sur del AMBA. Los datos se analizaron con Atlas.ti 7.0. Se trabajó con jóvenes que concurrían a diferentes organizaciones de la sociedad civil, tales como centros de día, comunidades terapéuticas o espacios de recuperación y rehabilitación de personas adictas. RESULTADOS El consumo de pasta base comienza entre los 8 y los 15 años. Los jóvenes que culminaron el tratamiento no responsabilizaron del consumo a sus familias, sino al contexto. Los usuarios de pasta base concurren a las guardias médicas sólo por emergencias y sienten que no hay espacio para ellos. El acceso a los centros de rehabilitación está garantizado, pero se dificulta la permanencia por las dinámicas que facilitan el abandono de los tratamientos. DISCUSIÓN Existen barreras para acceder a la atención hospitalaria y para permanecer en los centros de rehabilitación. No se cumplen los derechos y las garantías proclamados en la ley 26657. Es necesario realizar controles exhaustivos y propiciar espacios comunitarios que contemplen el contexto de los jóvenes.

Congenital vesicovaginal fistula with menouria: an anomaly of the urogenital sinus.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic process for a congenital exceptional anomaly. To analyze the pathogenesis of the embryologic anomalies associated with menouria and congenital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). STUDY DESIGN: The case of a 28-year-old female with menouria and impossibility of consummating coitus is described. The diagnostic method is analyzed. The type of treatment is described and finally we conclude with a hypothesis about embryology of congenital anomalies with VVF and menouria. RESULTS: For management of anomalies as congenital VVF, imaging tests including cystography and urography could not correctly visualize the fistulous tract. It was identified by cystoscopy, performed during the time of menouria. Surgical treatment consisted in repairing the VVF and vaginoplasty according to the McIndoe technique. CONCLUSIONS: All women with menouria need complete investigation with exhaustive exploration, analytic evaluation, ultrasound, imaging tests (principally magnetic resonance) and, very importantly, cystoscopy on the days of menouria. Surgical treatment must be careful and individualized. This case allows us to hypothesise that the blind vagina encountered reflects an anomaly of correct urogenital sinus development.