ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The head and neck cancer in Michoacán, Mexico, ranks as the third most common cancer and accounts for 12% of deaths. The increase in malnutrition in a patient with this disease has been associated with increased mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied prospectively 30 patients of both sexes, aged 18 years with head and neck cancer in the Cancer Care Center of Michoacan. In the evaluation period since August 2010 to August 2011. Formats were used VGS-Oncology (Subjective Global Assessment), NRS 2002 (Nutritional risk screen) and Guss (Gugging Swallowing Screen), through which nutritional risk was determined, and established the swallowing capacity of the study population. RESULTS: In our study, 53.3% of the population had moderate malnutrition according to the VGS Oncology, 33% weight loss record. The NRS 2002 show that 43.3% is at risk of malnutrition. The degree of dysphagia is shown more often in older patients, cancer type and stage of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional risk scales relate directly proportional to tumor location and stage, as well, there are other different oncological factors involved in the patient's nutritional deterioration. Therefore it is of vital importance to have a nutritionist as part of the multidisciplinary team, to detect the nutritional risk and to be able to handle it in an opportune way.
En Michoacán, México, el cáncer de cabeza y cuello (CCC), es el tercer tipo de cáncer más frecuente y representa el 12% de las defunciones. El incremento de la desnutrición en un paciente con CCC se ha relacionado con el aumento en la mortalidad. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva 30 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años de edad con cáncer de cabeza y cuello del Centro de Atención Oncológica del Estado de Michoacán. En el periodo de evaluación comprendido de agosto de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Se utilizaron los formatos de VGS-Oncológico (Valoración Global Subjetiva), NRS 2002 (Nutritional risk screen) y GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen), por medio de los cuales se determinó el riesgo nutricional, y se estableció la capacidad deglutoria de la población estudiada. Resultados: El 53,3% de la población presento desnutrición moderada según la VGS Oncológica, El 33% registro pérdida de peso. La NRS 2002 muestro que el 43,3% se encuentra en riesgo de desnutrición. El grado de disfagia se muestra con mayor frecuencia en aquellos pacientes de mayor edad, el tipo cáncer que comprometía la vía oral y el estadio de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Las escalas de riesgo nutricional se relacionan de manera directamente proporcional con la localización del tumor y el estadio, además, existen otros factores distintos a los oncológicos que participan en el deterioro nutricional del paciente. Por lo cual es de vital importancia contar con un nutriólogo como parte del equipo multidisciplinario, para detectar el riesgo nutricional y poder manejarlo de manera oportuna.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Malnutrition/etiology , Nutrition Assessment , Cancer Care Facilities , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfone, CF(3)SO(2)CF(3), was obtained as a byproduct in the synthesis of CF(3)SO(2)SCF(3). The compound was characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy as well quantum chemical calculations. Quantum mechanical calculations indicate the possible existence of two conformers symmetrically equivalent with C(2) symmetry. The preference for the staggered form was studied using the total energy scheme and the natural bond orbital (NBO) partition scheme. Additionally, the total potential energy was deconvoluted using a sixfold decomposition in terms of a Fourier-type expansion, showing that the hyperconjugative effect was dominant in stabilizing the staggered conformer. Infrared and Raman spectra of CF(3)SO(2)CF(3) were obtained. Harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and a scaled force field were calculated, leading to a final root mean-square deviation of 7.8 cm(-1) when comparing experimental and calculated wavenumbers.
Subject(s)
Molecular Conformation , Sulfones/chemistry , Sulfones/chemical synthesis , Vibration , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Quantum Theory , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Thermodynamics , Torsion, MechanicalABSTRACT
Trypanosoma cruzi (Schyzotrypanum, Chagas, 1909), and Chagas disease are endemic in captive-reared baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas. We obtained PCR amplification products from DNA extracted from sucking lice collected from the hair and skin of T. cruzi-infected baboons, with specific nested sets of primers for the protozoan kinetoplast DNA, and nuclear DNA. These products were hybridized to their complementary internal sequences. Selected sequences were cloned and sequencing established the presence of T. cruzi nuclear DNA, and minicircle kDNA. Competitive PCR with a kDNA set of primers determined the quantity of approximately 23.9 +/- 18.2 T. cruzi per louse. This finding suggests that the louse may be a vector incidentally contributing to the dissemination of T. cruzi infection in the baboon colony.
Subject(s)
Disease Vectors , Lice Infestations/veterinary , Papio/parasitology , Phthiraptera/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Animals , DNA, Kinetoplast/analysis , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trypanosoma cruzi/geneticsABSTRACT
The construction and analytical evaluation of a PbO2-based graphite-epoxy electrode sensitive to H3O+, based on incorporation of lead(IV) oxide in a graphite-epoxy matrix, are described. The data obtained from a variety of acid-base titrations in aqueous and aqueous-ethanolic media were compared with those obtained by use of a glass electrode under the same conditions. The proposed electrode provides a linear response in the pH range from 1 to 11 with a slope of -58.7+/-0.3 mV pH(-1) and -60.8+/-0.2 mV pH(-1) in aqueous and ethanolic media, respectively. The response time was less than 15 s and the lifetime of the electrode was at least eight months (ca. 5000 determinations) and its performance is good in pH determination and end-point detection in potentiometric acid-base titrations in both aqueous and aqueous-ethanolic media.
ABSTRACT
The construction and the application of a silica gel based carbon-epoxy indicator electrode for the potentiometric determination of acids and bases are described. The effect of composition of silica gel and carbon-epoxy, slope (mV/pH), linear response (pH range) and the use for acid-base titrations were investigated. The data obtained for the acid-base titrations were compared with those obtained using a glass electrode in the same conditions. The electrode showed a linear response in the pH 2 to 13 range with a slope of -40.5 +/- 0.4 mV/pH (at 25 degrees C) and a response time of less than 15 s. The lifetime of the electrode was higher than one year (over 6000 determinations) with a decrease of only 5% of the initial potentiometric response. The silica gel based carbon-epoxy electrode showed excellent results in the end-point indication potentiometric titrations in determination of acids and bases. The miniaturization of the proposed electrode for flow injection analysis was investigated.
ABSTRACT
Five patients with acute abdominal manifestations after revision of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt were identified. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and distention prompted surgical intervention. Clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure or shunt malfunction were not prominent findings. Exteriorization of the distal (peritoneal) catherer resolved the acute abdominal findings promptly.