Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with Down syndrome.

Patients with Down syndrome (DS) often have a high occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSA) syndrome. We studied a large cohort of adults with DS attended due to clinical suspicion of OSA. A standardized questionnaire and full medical assessment were conducted, including a sleep study. One hundred and fifty-seven DS individuals were studied, with a mean ± SD age of 36 ± 10 years, 40.7% women, BMI 29.4 ± 5.6 kg/m2 . The main clinical symptom was daytime sleepiness (64.9%). A sleep study was conducted in 114 patients. All 114 DS patients were diagnosed with OSA, with a predominance of obstructive and hypopnea events, (apnea-hypopnoea index, AHI, 35.0 ± 26.6), with an oxygen desaturation index of 32.9, and a Tc90% of 24.7%. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment was implemented in 75 (65.8%) of subjects. Tolerance was considered good in 75% of them, with a high compliance of 79.2% >4 hr/day (mean 7.1 hr/day), resulting in a symptomatic improvement in 58.7% of them. Obstructive sleep apnea is frequently confirmed in patients with DS when it clinically suspected. Treatment with CPAP in DS is feasible, and with higher adherence than in adults with normal cognitive functioning.

Effectiveness of an intensive weight-loss program for severe OSA in patients undergoing CPAP treatment: a randomized controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an intensive weight-loss program (IWLP) is effective for reducing weight, the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and metabolic variables in patients with obesity and severe OSA undergoing continuous positive airway pressure treatment. METHODS: Forty-two patients were randomized to the control (CG, n = 20) or the intervention group (IG, n = 22), who followed a 12-month IWLP. The primary outcome was a reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as measured at 3 and 12 months by full polysomnography. Metabolic variables, blood pressure, body fat composition by bioimpedance, carotid intima media thickness, and visceral fat by computed tomography were also assessed. RESULTS: Mean age was 49 (6.7) years, body mass index 35 (2.7) kg/m², and AHI 69 (20) events/h. Weight reduction was higher for the IG than the CG at 3 and 12 months, -10.5 versus -2.3 kg (P < .001), and -8.2 versus -0.1 kg (P < .001), respectively, as was loss of visceral fat at 12 months. AHI decreased more in the IG at 3 months (-23.72 versus -9 events/h) but the difference was not significant at 12 months, though 28% of patients from the IG had an AHI < 30 events/h compared to none in the CG (P = .046). At 12 months, the IG showed a reduction in C-reactive protein (P = .013), glycated hemoglobin (P = .031) and an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .027). CONCLUSIONS: An IWLP in patients with obesity and severe OSA is effective for reducing weight and OSA severity. It also results in an improvement in lipid profiles, glycemic control, and inflammatory markers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Effectiveness of an Intensive Weight Loss Program for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) Treatment; Identifier: NCT02832414; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02832414.

A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is needed to determine the role of telehealth (TH) in COPD management. METHODS: PROMETE II was a multicentre, randomized, 12-month trial. Severe COPD patients in stable condition were randomized to a specific monitoring protocol with TH or routine clinical practice (RCP). The primary objective was to reduce the number of COPD exacerbations leading to ER visits/hospital admissions between groups. RESULTS: Overall, 237 COPD patients were screened, and 229 (96.6%) were randomized to TH (n = 115) or RCP (n = 114), with age of 71 ±â€¯8 years and 80% were men. Overall, 169 completed the full follow-up period. There were no statistical differences at one year between groups in the proportion of participants who had a COPD exacerbation (60% in TH vs. 53.5% in RCP; p = 0.321). There was, however, a marked but non-significant trend towards a shorter duration of hospitalization and days in ICU in the TH group (18.9 ±â€¯16.0 and 6.0 ±â€¯4.6 days) compared to the RCP group (22.4 ±â€¯19.5 and 13.3 ±â€¯11.1 days). The number of all-cause deaths was comparable between groups (12 in TH vs. 13 in RCP) as was total resource utilization cost (7912€ in TH vs. 8918€ in RCP). Telehealth was evaluated highly positively by patients and doctors. CONCLUSIONS: Remote patient management did not reduce COPD-related ER visits or hospital admissions compared to RCP within 12 months.