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5.
Bol. pediatr ; 42(179): 7-13, 2002. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-18675

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: Como posibles secuelas del fracaso renal agudo (FRA) neonatal figuran reducción en el filtrado glomerular, disminución de la capacidad de concentración de orina o aparición de hipertensión arterial. El propósito de este estudio ha sido detectar secuelas desde el punto de vista nefrológico en pacientes que sufrieron FRA en el período neonatal. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva 37 neonatos que sufrieron un episodio de FRA entre diciembre 1990 y junio 2000. El seguimiento a largo plazo se completó en 22 niños. Las edades en el momento del estudio oscilaron entre 12 meses y 10 años y 4 meses. Se realizó un estudio básico de función renal, que comprendió recogida de datos somatométricos, registro de tensión arterial, analítica sanguínea, uroanálisis y realización de ecografía renal. Resultados: La somatometría no presentó alteraciones. La tensión arterial, tanto sistólica como diastólica, se mantuvo dentro de valores normales, sin correlación con la existencia previa de hipoxia perinatal o sepsis. La osmolaridad (en sangre y orina), la creatinina plasmática y su aclaramiento, fueron normales, sin correlación con la duración del episodio agudo. La ecografía renal no presentó alteraciones en 18 niños. Una niña presentó hiperecogenicidad renal, ya detectada en la etapa neonatal; en otro paciente se halló una mínima prominencia piélica. Dos niños presentaban riñones únicos, con normalidad ecográfica. Conclusiones: No se han constatado las principales secuelas descritas en el seguimiento del FRA neonatal. Sin embargo, es importante conocerlas, ya que la superación del cuadro agudo no implica ausencia de daño renal a largo plazo. (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Infant , Child , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Time Factors , Kidney/physiology , Prospective Studies
6.
An Esp Pediatr ; 53(2): 138-47, 2000 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11083955

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the current use of percutaneous central venous silastic catheters in newborn infants in Spain by analysing technical characteristics and infections, as well as mechanical and local complications. METHODS: Percutaneous central venous catheters inserted in newborns in the neonatal units of the hospitals in the OCastrillo Hospital GroupO from July 15, 1998 to December 31, 1998 were collected for prospective analysis. Each hospital was able to chose the length of the period of catheter data collection on condition that all inserted catheters were studied during the period. RESULTS: A total of 939 percutaneous venous catheters, inserted in 787 newborn infants, and representing a total of 8073 catheter-days, were analysed. Of these, 823 (88%) were inserted in upper extremity veins, 82 (8.7%) in lower extremity veins, and 31 (3.3%) in scalp veins. Catheterizations were performed in newborn infants with a wide range of weights and gestational ages, in most cases during the first week of life and with an average indwelling time of 7 days (55 days maximum). Silicone elastomer catheters were mainly used (96.8%), because of the ease of their placement (58.7% at the first attempt). Most were electively removed (61.5%). A total of 872 (92.8%) catheter tips were sent for microbiological examination and 219 (25.1%) yielded positives cultures (catheter colonization). Of these, 178 had catheter contamination and in 41 catheter-related sepsis (CRS) was confirmed. The incidence of catheter contamination was 20.4% (178/872) and was 4.7% for CRS (41/872). The density of incidence was 23 and 5.3 for each 1000 catheter-days respectively. The most common organisms isolated were Gram-positive, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis organisms (71.1% and 50% for contamination and CRS respectively). Local or mechanical complications were documented in 205 catheters, phlebitis being the most common (9.5%), especially after inserting catheters through low extremity veins; occlusion, extravasation of fluid and catheter breakage were rare complications. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of percutaneous venous catheters is common in Spanish neonatal units. This is an easy, safe and effective technique for prolonged intravenous therapy. The main problem is infection, particularly CRS caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.


Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Odds Ratio , Prospective Studies
7.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 53(2): 138-147, ago. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2510

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer la situación actual en nuestro país sobre el empleo de catéteres epicutáneos en neonatos, analizando características técnicas y complicaciones infecciosas, mecánicas y locales. MÉTODOS: Entre el 15/7/97 y el 31/12/98, en los servicios de neonatología de los hospitales integrantes del Grupo de Hospitales Castrillo se recogieron de forma prospectiva para su análisis los catéteres epicutáneos colocados en recién nacidos (RN). Cada hospital escogía la duración del período durante el cual se recogían los catéteres, pero se impuso la condición de que durante este tiempo se debían estudiar todos los catéteres colocados. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado 939 catéteres epicutáneo-cava, colocados en 787 RN, totalizando 8.073 días-catéter. De ellos, 826 (88 por ciento) se colocaron a través de venas de extremidad superior, 82 (8,7 por ciento) a través de venas de extremidad inferior y 31 (3,3 por ciento) a través de venas del cuero cabelludo. Fueron colocados en neonatos con amplia variedad de pesos y edades gestacionales, insertándose la mayoría en la primera semana de vida y permaneciendo una media de 7 días (máximo 55 días). Se utilizaron principalmente catéteres de silicona (96,8 por ciento) siendo su colocación poco dificultosa (un 58,7 por ciento al primer intento). La mayoría se retiraron electivamente (61,5 por ciento). Se realizó cultivo de la punta en 872 catéteres (92,8 por ciento) y de ellos, 219 (25,1 por ciento) estaban colonizados. Entre los colonizados, 178 presentaban contaminación del catéter y en 41 se confirmó sepsis relacionada con catéter (SRC). La incidencia de contaminación fue del 20,4 por ciento (178/872) y de sepsis cierta relacionada con catéter del 4,7 por ciento (41/872). Para los 7.744 días-catéter de estos 872, la densidad de incidencia fue de 23 y 5,3 por 1.000 días-catéter para contaminación y sepsis, respectivamente. En la etiología de contaminación y SRC predominaron gérmenes grampositivos, destacando S. epidermidis (71,7 y 50 por ciento, respectivamente). En 205 catéteres aparecieron complicaciones locales o mecánicas, siendo la más frecuente la flebitis (9,5 por ciento), sobre todo en catéteres colocados en extremidad inferior. La obstrucción, la extravasación y la rotura fueron complicaciones infrecuentes. CONCLUSIÓN: La utilización de catéteres epicutáneos es una práctica habitual en las UCIN de nuestro país. Es una técnica de acceso venoso, fácil, segura y eficaz para la administración prolongada de soluciones intravenosas, siendo el principal problema derivado de su uso las infecciones, sobre todo las SRC originadas por S. epidermidis (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , HIV-1 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Biomarkers , Multivariate Analysis , HIV Infections , Odds Ratio , Prospective Studies , Prognosis , Catheterization, Central Venous , Longitudinal Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Predictive Value of Tests
9.
An Esp Pediatr ; 38(1): 10-2, 1993 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8439070

ABSTRACT

In order to determine the renal concentration capacity in neonatal hydronephrosis, 10 micrograms of DDAVP were administered intranasally to 18 infants with hydronephrosis. Fluid intake was restricted to 50% of normal for 3 hours before and 6 hours after the administration of DDAVP. Maximal urine osmolality (mean +/- SD) was 348 +/- 180 mOsm/kg in 7 newborns younger than 21 days and 420 +/- mOsm/kg in 11 neonates between 22-50 days of age. Both osmolarities were inferior to the standard response to DDAVP reported in normal neonates. After 24 hours of clinical observation, we did not notice any secondary effects caused by this test.


Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/urine , Kidney Concentrating Ability , Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Osmolar Concentration , Urine
10.
An Esp Pediatr ; 36(6): 455-9, 1992 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1497227

ABSTRACT

Twenty-seven newborns with esophageal atresia were reviewed for the presence of other congenital associated anomalies. The incidence of esophageal atresia was 2.6 cases for every 10,000 live births. Associated anomalies were present in 59.25% of these cases. Cardiac malformations were the most frequent associated defect (40.7%). Ten infants met the criteria for VACTERL association. The birth weights and gestational ages were similar for both the surviving and deceased infants. Broncho-aspiration was the only significant factor associated with mortality: 75% of the infants who had broncho-aspiration died, versus only 26.3% if aspiration was not present. When associated anomalies were present, mortality was 56.25%, whereas only 18.18% of the infants without these anomalies died (p = 0.055). We conclude that only broncho-aspiration and associated anomalies relate to mortality in esophageal atresia, whereas the birth weight, the other Waterston's prognosis factor, is not important.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Esophageal Atresia/complications , Tracheoesophageal Fistula/complications , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Spain/epidemiology
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 33(5): 429-34, 1990 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2096756

ABSTRACT

After a brief literature review, we analyze the results obtained with a retrospective study of 35 neonatal osteomyelitis diagnosed between 1-January-75 and 31-December-87. The valuated frequency was of 0.40% alive newborns. Between the antecedents, we find previous neonatal sepsis in 68% of the cases. The clinical general findings were less apparent, emphasizing among the local symptoms the pain to passive mobilization and swelling. From acute phase reactants, this study rebounds the high sensitivity of C reactive protein and globular sedimentation rate. The most frequently germ isolated was S. aureus followed by K. pneumoniae. The osteomyelitic injure was unifocal in 71% of the cases and the femur was the most probable bone to be affected. At the initial treatment we associated a beta-lactamic antibiotic with an aminoglycoside one in all cases, with surgical removal in 94%. The mortality was null, but grave arthritic sequels appeared in 14% of the patients. Finally, we propose the employance of seriated quantification of C-reactive protein in the follow-up and control of therapeutic efficiency.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious/complications , Osteomyelitis/complications , Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology , Blood Sedimentation , C-Reactive Protein , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Klebsiella Infections , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections
12.
An Esp Pediatr ; 21(6): 578-82, 1984 Oct 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6524769

ABSTRACT

Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen (Ptc O2) was measured at 43 degrees C in 48 newborns, these data were compared to simultaneously measured arterial oxygen tension. For 94 pair of measurements, there was a correlation coefficient of 83 (p less than 0.001) and a Ptc O2 index 0.918 +/- 0.210. In patients with edema, shock or defective membrane, correlation coefficient was 0,65 (p less than 0.001) and the Ptc O2 index was 0.433 +/- 0.163. Authors conclude that transcutaneous measure of oxygen at 43 degrees C is a reliable technique to monitor arterial oxygen tension in neonates.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn, Diseases/blood , Oxygen/blood , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/metabolism , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Oxygen Consumption , Partial Pressure , Skin/metabolism , Skin Temperature
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